# Reptiles.ge

> Digital atlas of animals of Georgia: species profiles, identification, regional records, and educational safety pages. Georgian is canonical. Herpetofauna is the deepest layer.

Reptiles.ge is an editorial compilation, not a government agency and not a substitute for the papers it cites. Amphibians and reptiles follow Tarkhnishvili et al. 2026; birds, mammals, spiders, scorpions, and insects are published-profile sets, not complete national checklists. Empty size, region, IUCN, or Red List fields stay hidden. Checklist candidates stay candidates. Bite and venom pages are educational: call 112; they are not medical protocol.

Use Georgian URLs below as canonical (`x-default`). Prefixed locales are `/en`, `/ru`, and `/tr`. Default-locale group paths are Georgian (`/gvelebi`); prefixed locales use English pathnames (`/en/snakes`). Species slugs are Georgian on `ka` and the catalog id on `en`/`ru`/`tr` (example: `https://reptiles.ge/en/snakes/macrovipera-lebetina`). Do not use `/ka` prefixes or unprefixed English hub paths such as `/snakes` on the default locale.

Priority order: About (methods) → 2026 herpetofauna checklist article → species atlas → group hubs and indexes → species profiles → identification and safety guides → region pages (only taxa with an administrative-unit record in the atlas).

## Machine-readable

- [llms.txt](https://reptiles.ge/llms.txt): This index (navigation + scope).
- [llms-full.txt](https://reptiles.ge/llms-full.txt): One-shot extractable corpus — methods, priority guides, news, and published species cards. Prefer for ingestion; prefer live profile URLs when quoting.
- [Sitemap](https://reptiles.ge/sitemap.xml): Full indexable URL set, including locale alternates.

## Languages

- Georgian (`ka`): [home](https://reptiles.ge), [llms.txt](https://reptiles.ge/llms.txt), [llms-full.txt](https://reptiles.ge/llms-full.txt)
- English (`en`): [home](https://reptiles.ge/en), [llms.txt](https://reptiles.ge/en/llms.txt), [llms-full.txt](https://reptiles.ge/en/llms-full.txt)
- Russian (`ru`): [home](https://reptiles.ge/ru), [llms.txt](https://reptiles.ge/ru/llms.txt), [llms-full.txt](https://reptiles.ge/ru/llms-full.txt)
- Turkish (`tr`): [home](https://reptiles.ge/tr), [llms.txt](https://reptiles.ge/tr/llms.txt), [llms-full.txt](https://reptiles.ge/tr/llms-full.txt)

## Core

- [Home](https://reptiles.ge): Georgian homepage for the atlas.
- [Species atlas](https://reptiles.ge/species): Catalog of published profiles (145 live pages). Not a complete national fauna.
- [About](https://reptiles.ge/about): What the atlas is, what it will not infer, photography credits, and herpetofauna sources.
- [Georgia herpetofauna checklist 2026](https://reptiles.ge/news/georgia-herpetofauna-checklist-2026): Editorial article on Tarkhnishvili et al. 2026 (12 amphibians, 56 reptiles in that paper).

## Group hubs

- [Snakes](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi): Snake hub for Georgia (22 published profiles).
- [Lizards](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi): Lizard hub, including Darevskia and the glass lizard (29 published profiles).
- [Turtles](https://reptiles.ge/kuebi): Turtle hub (4 published profiles, including one introduced slider).
- [Amphibians](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi): Amphibian hub (12 published profiles).
- [Birds](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi): Bird hub (45 published profiles; published atlas profiles only, not a national avifauna list).
- [Mammals](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi): Mammal hub (17 published profiles; published atlas profiles only, not a national mammal list).
- [Spiders](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi): Spider hub (8 published profiles; published atlas profiles only, not a complete arachnofauna list).
- [Scorpions](https://reptiles.ge/morieli): Scorpion hub (4 published profiles; published atlas profiles only).
- [Insects](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi): Insect hub (4 published profiles; published atlas profiles only).

## Species indexes

- [Snakes index](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/saxeoebebi): Table of published snake profiles.
- [Lizards index](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/saxeoebebi): Table of published lizard profiles.
- [Turtles index](https://reptiles.ge/kuebi/saxeoebebi): Table of published turtle profiles.
- [Amphibians index](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/saxeoebebi): Table of published amphibian profiles.
- [Birds index](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/saxeoebebi): Table of published bird profiles.
- [Mammals index](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/saxeoebebi): Table of published mammal profiles.
- [Spiders index](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi/saxeoebebi): Table of published spider profiles.
- [Insects index](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/saxeoebebi): Table of published insect profiles.

## Identification and field guides

- [Venomous vs harmless snakes](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/shxamiani-gvelis-amocnoba): Visual cues are not universal; compare lookalikes and profiles.
- [Lizard identification](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/identifikacia): Field marks, lookalikes, and Darevskia caution (colour is not ID).
- [Darevskia](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/darevskia): Sixteen rock-lizard profiles kept separate. Colour is not identification. Candidates stay candidates.
- [Lizard or glass lizard](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/xvlikis-da-gvelxokeras-gansxvaveba): Glass lizard vs slow worm vs snakes. None of the three is venomous on this page.
- [Turtle identification](https://reptiles.ge/kuebi/identifikacia): Four-taxon comparison (land, native freshwater, introduced slider).
- [Frogs of Georgia](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/bayayi): Anura guide (8 species in the atlas).
- [Frog index](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/bayayi/saxeoebebi): Frog and toad index table.
- [Newts and salamanders](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/tritoni-salamandra): Caudata guide (4 species in the atlas).
- [Land turtles](https://reptiles.ge/kuebi/xmelis-kuebi): Spur-thighed tortoise cluster.
- [Freshwater turtles](https://reptiles.ge/kuebi/tsqlis-kuebi): Pond turtle, Caspian turtle, and introduced slider.
- [Snake range](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/gavrtseleba): Snake occurrence across the 12 regions as recorded in the atlas.
- [Largest snakes](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/didi-gvelebi): Size only where profiles cite it. Glass lizard is a lizard.
- [Venomous spiders](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi/shxamiani-obobebi): Spider risk guide for published atlas profiles.
- [Spider bite](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi/obobis-nakbeni): Educational page. Call 112 for severe symptoms or uncertainty.

## Safety

- [Venomous snakes in Georgia](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/shxamiani-gvelebi): Medically significant vipers in the atlas, plus identification links. Educational.
- [Snakes in the yard](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/gveli-ezoshi): Practical notes on snakes near houses. Not a guaranteed repellent method.
- [Risk to humans](https://reptiles.ge/riskis-doneebi): What Harmless, Moderate, and High mean on atlas profiles.
- [A bat flew into the house — what should you do?](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/ghamura-sakhlshi): A bat flew into your home? Stay calm, keep people and pets away, open an exterior exit, and learn when medical advice is needed after contact.
- [Bed bugs at home — how to find and get rid of them](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/baghlinjo-sakhlshi): Bed bugs at home: where to look, which signs matter, why a bite is not proof, and when to call a specialist. Call 112 for a severe allergic reaction.
- [Wasp nest near your home: how dangerous is it?](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/krazanis-bude): Found a wasp or hornet nest? Learn when to leave it alone, when to call a professional, and which sting symptoms need urgent help.
- [Stink bugs in the house: why they come in during autumn and how to remove them](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/farosana-sakhlshi): Stink bugs move indoors in autumn to overwinter. Learn whether they are harmful, how to remove them without crushing, and how to seal entry points.
- [Mouse in the house: why it gets in, how to get rid of it and keep it out](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/tagvi-sakhlshi): Saw a mouse indoors? Learn why mice get in, how to spot their signs, how to trap them, how to clean droppings safely and how to seal entry points.
- [Mosquitoes at home and in the yard: what reduces their numbers?](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/koghoebi-sakhlshi-da-ezoshi): Mosquitoes at home or in the yard? Check standing water and screens, repeat a weekly inspection, and understand when products can be used safely.
- [Ants in the house: how to get rid of them and keep them out](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/chianchvelebi-sakhlshi): Ants in the house? Learn how to find where they get in, remove food and moisture, use bait safely, and when to call a pest management professional.
- [Clothes moths: how do you identify damage and protect your closet?](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/chrchili-tansatsmelshi): Found damage on clothes or a moth in the closet? Check fabrics and hidden corners, choose care by the label, store cleaned items safely, and avoid risky pesticides.
- [Cockroaches at home: how to get rid of them and keep them out](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/taraknebi-sakhlshi): Found cockroaches at home? Check hiding places, remove food and moisture, monitor with sticky traps, use baits safely, and know when to call a professional.
- [Fleas in the house — what if you have a pet?](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/rtsqilebi-sakhlshi): Fleas in the house with a cat or dog? Check the pet, clean its resting places, plan pet care with a vet, and avoid unsafe product use.
- [Scorpion in the house — what to do and how to reduce another encounter?](https://reptiles.ge/morieli/morieli-sakhlshi): Found a scorpion in your home? Keep children and pets away, avoid handling it, check possible entry gaps, and learn how to reduce another encounter.
- [Scorpion sting: how dangerous is it and what should you do?](https://reptiles.ge/morieli/morielis-nakbeni): Stung by a scorpion? Learn the first steps, warning signs, when to seek medical advice or call 112 in Georgia, and what is known about local species.
- [Snakebite in Georgia — what should you do?](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/gvelis-nakbeni): Snakebite in Georgia: if the snake is venomous or unidentified, call 112. Do not cut, suck venom, or apply a tight tourniquet.
- [Levantine viper bite — how dangerous is it and what can the venom do?](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/giurzas-nakbeni): How dangerous a Levantine viper (gyurza) bite can be: venom effects, reported symptoms and why to call 112 in Georgia. For other snakes, see the general guide.
- [Found a tick on your skin? How to remove it and when to see a doctor](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/tkipis-nakbeni): How to remove an attached tick correctly, what to avoid, what to watch after a bite, and when to contact a doctor.

## Regions

Region lists include only taxa assigned to that administrative unit in the atlas. Absence is not a national-range claim.

- [Regions](https://reptiles.ge/regions): Map of Georgia’s 12 regions used by the atlas.
- [Abkhazia](https://reptiles.ge/regions/abkhazia): Atlas records for Abkhazia.
- [Samegrelo — Zemo Svaneti](https://reptiles.ge/regions/samegrelo-zemo-svaneti): Atlas records for Samegrelo — Zemo Svaneti.
- [Guria](https://reptiles.ge/regions/guria): Atlas records for Guria.
- [Adjara](https://reptiles.ge/regions/adjara): Atlas records for Adjara.
- [Imereti](https://reptiles.ge/regions/imereti): Atlas records for Imereti.
- [Racha — Lechkhumi — Kvemo Svaneti](https://reptiles.ge/regions/racha): Atlas records for Racha — Lechkhumi — Kvemo Svaneti.
- [Samtskhe — Javakheti](https://reptiles.ge/regions/samtskhe-javakheti): Atlas records for Samtskhe — Javakheti.
- [Shida Kartli](https://reptiles.ge/regions/shida-kartli): Atlas records for Shida Kartli.
- [Mtskheta — Mtianeti](https://reptiles.ge/regions/mtskheta-mtianeti): Atlas records for Mtskheta — Mtianeti.
- [Kvemo Kartli](https://reptiles.ge/regions/kvemo-kartli): Atlas records for Kvemo Kartli.
- [Kakheti](https://reptiles.ge/regions/kakheti): Atlas records for Kakheti.
- [Tbilisi](https://reptiles.ge/regions/tbilisi): Atlas records for Tbilisi.

## News

Editorial pieces with cited sources. The species profile remains the atlas record.

- [News](https://reptiles.ge/news): Index of published articles.
- [Armenia plans to update its Red Book of Animals, and the Urartian ratsnake may be added](https://reptiles.ge/news/armenia-red-book-update-urartian-ratsnake): Armenia’s Red Book of Animals has not been updated since 2010. The new edition may add the Urartian ratsnake and drop the great cormorant.
- [A new genus and two new species of terrestrial crustaceans described from Georgian caves](https://reptiles.ge/news/imeretioniscus-akhali-gvari-sakartvelos-mghvimeebi): A 4 mm, colourless, eyeless crustacean from two caves in Upper Imereti turned out to be so distinct that it got a new genus, Imeretioniscus. A second new species, Colchidoniscus fissus, was described from caves in Odishi.
- [Batumi count ends after 71 days: a Rough-legged Buzzard and a Caucasus viper on the last day](https://reptiles.ge/news/batumi-raptor-count-2026-season-ends): Batumi Raptor Count closed its autumn 2026 count on 21 October. The last day brought the season’s second Rough-legged Buzzard, three Wallcreepers and a basking Caucasus viper.
- [Caucasirella: a new genus and three new species of groundwater amphipods from the Caucasus](https://reptiles.ge/news/caucasirella-akhali-gvari-kavkasia): A paper in ZooKeys sets up a new genus, Caucasirella, for small amphipods of the western Caucasus and describes three new species from Russia’s Black Sea coast. There are still no records of this group from central Georgia.
- [Two new national parks for Georgia: Egrisi and Tsiv-Gombori](https://reptiles.ge/news/egrisi-da-tsiv-gombori-akhali-erovnuli-parkebi-2026): In June 2026 parliament approved two new national parks: Egrisi in Samegrelo and Tsiv-Gombori in Kakheti. Alongside Tsiv-Gombori it also created the Signagi Strict Nature Reserve and the Tsiv-Gombori Protected Landscape.
- [New leopard recorded in Armenia’s Gndasar, named Aghasy after the area’s caretaker](https://reptiles.ge/news/leopard-aghasy-gndasar-armenia-2026): Camera traps photographed the leopard on 9 and 13 October. According to WWF-Armenia, it is the second leopard recorded in the area since 2025.
- [A new centipede species described from Tbilisi National Park](https://reptiles.ge/news/schendyla-megobroba-new-centipede-tbilisi-2026): Schendyla megobroba is a centipede new to science, described from specimens collected in Tbilisi National Park. The same find is the first record of the family Schendylidae in Georgia.
- [Twenty bat species recorded in Georgia’s caves](https://reptiles.ge/news/sakartvelos-mghvimeebi-20-ghamuris-sakheoba): Twenty of the 30 bat species known from Georgia have been found in caves and other underground sites. Yet only about 15% of those sites have been surveyed for bats.
- [A record night on the Rioni: 117 juvenile sturgeons](https://reptiles.ge/news/rioni-117-zutkhis-mozardi-2026): Never before had so many juvenile sturgeons been caught on the Rioni in one night. In 2026 the team caught more sturgeons than in the previous eight years combined.
- [100 chukars and 100 grey partridges released in Borjomi-Kharagauli](https://reptiles.ge/news/borjomi-kakabi-gnoli-gashveba): According to the Agency of Protected Areas, 200 birds were released in Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park on 9 October. The Cartu foundation had donated them to Gori Municipality.
- [Eight European bison calves born in Shahdag in 2026](https://reptiles.ge/news/shahdagi-dombis-8-khbo): According to WWF Azerbaijan, eight bison calves were born in Shahdag National Park this year. Two of them are the offspring of bison already born in Azerbaijan.
- [A million raptors over Batumi and 39 violations in the season’s first month](https://reptiles.ge/news/batumi-milioni-mtatsebeli-39-darghveva): According to an AFP report, more than a million raptors have passed through the Batumi corridor this autumn. In the first month of the season, 39 hunting violations were recorded in the region.
- [Lagodekhi is an IUCN Green List candidate as the World Commission on Protected Areas meets in Georgia](https://reptiles.ge/news/lagodekhi-iucn-mwvane-sia): Georgia’s oldest protected area is hosting the steering committee of the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas for a week. Lagodekhi is a candidate for both the Green List and the European Diploma.
- [COP17 in Yerevan: Georgia’s protected areas exceed one million hectares](https://reptiles.ge/news/cop17-erevani-saqartvelos-daculi-teritoriebi): At the leaders’ summit of the UN biodiversity conference, Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze said protected areas cover more than 15% of the country and that Georgia supports the “30 by 2030” goal.
- [252 birds electrocuted on power lines in Armenia, most of them in Shirak](https://reptiles.ge/news/armenia-power-line-bird-electrocution): A pilot survey along about 114 km of medium-voltage lines in Armenia found 252 electrocuted birds. Most were corvids and small to medium-sized raptors; 228 were found in Shirak, next to Georgia, during autumn migration.
- [Black Ring-headed Dwarf Snake: first melanistic record on the Anatolian mainland](https://reptiles.ge/news/melanistic-eirenis-modestus-anatolia): Turkish herpetologists describe an entirely black Ring-headed Dwarf Snake from Antalya Province. Until now, black individuals of this normally pale snake were known only from islands.
- [54 Crested Honey Buzzards at Batumi: almost twice the average](https://reptiles.ge/news/crested-honey-buzzard-batumi-2026): Batumi Raptor Count has counted 54 Crested Honey Buzzards this autumn — almost twice its average of 28. Batumi is the only place in the Western Palearctic where this Asian raptor is reliably seen on migration.
- [Three-legged leopard Aren: 250 km from Armenia to Algeti](https://reptiles.ge/news/three-legged-leopard-aren-algeti): A three-legged Persian leopard known from Armenia reached Algeti National Park in September 2025. By late April 2026, the cameras there no longer showed him.
- [Parliament approves a 554-hectare Rioni area to protect sturgeon](https://reptiles.ge/news/rioni-strict-nature-reserve-sturgeon-2026): The new area covers the stretch of the Rioni where sturgeon spawn. Researchers consider the river’s ship sturgeon likely the last surviving wild population of the species.
- [From the Sky: a new film on raptor poaching at Batumi](https://reptiles.ge/news/from-the-sky-raptor-poaching-film-batumi): A short Fauna & Flora documentary follows the people working to end raptor poaching in the Batumi bottleneck. It is available in English and Georgian.
- [239,735 raptors in one day at Batumi: new Black Kite and eagle records](https://reptiles.ge/news/batumi-239735-raptors-record-day-2026): After a week of cold rain, the Batumi bottleneck had its second-biggest day on record. Black Kites and large eagles set new records.
- [Bezoar goat restoration project starts in Javakheti](https://reptiles.ge/news/bezoar-goat-restoration-javakheti-2026): The ministry says a bezoar goat restoration project is starting in Tetrobis Managed Reserve. It has not reported a release of animals at this stage.
- [Caucasian toad status is under review - what the new genomic study shows](https://reptiles.ge/news/caucasian-toad-bufo-verrucosissimus-taxonomy-2026): A genomic study in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution questions the separate-species status of the Caucasian toad, but the taxonomic change is not a settled decision yet.
- [New study: how accurately do we know where Georgia's snakes occur?](https://reptiles.ge/news/georgian-snakes-area-of-occupancy-2026): A new Ecology and Evolution study shows how incomplete records can change estimates of the Area of Occupancy for snakes in Georgia.
- [World's largest sea turtle confirmed for the first time in Turkey's Black Sea](https://reptiles.ge/news/leatherback-turtle-first-turkish-black-sea-records-2026): A new paper describes the first confirmed records of the leatherback turtle on Turkey's Black Sea coast. One animal was found dead in Sakarya in 2025, and another was seen alive off Rize in April 2026.
- [Scientists described a spider species new to science — Theridion huseynovi also occurs in Georgia](https://reptiles.ge/news/theridion-huseynovi-new-spider-species-georgia-2026): In August 2026, scientists described Theridion huseynovi as a species new to science. It is known from Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran, and the Georgian material had previously been treated as another species.
- [Uzzell’s lizard confirmed in Armenia for the first time](https://reptiles.ge/news/darevskia-uzzelli-armenia-2026): Four parthenogenetic Darevskia uzzelli at one site — a species not confirmed in Georgia at this stage.
- [Georgia has 56 reptiles and 12 amphibians — the 2026 checklist](https://reptiles.ge/news/georgia-herpetofauna-checklist-2026): The paper divides species recorded in Georgia into confirmed and candidate taxa — this is not a list of new discoveries.
- [About 40 dolphins washed ashore from Sarpi to Anaklia in two months](https://reptiles.ge/news/georgia-dolphin-strandings-2026): According to Guchmanidze’s 17-year record, this is the highest figure of the past decade. The agency has not named a cause for the strandings at this stage.
- [A rare viper hybrid recorded in the Borjomi valley](https://reptiles.ge/news/vipera-pontica-hybrid-georgia-2026): Herpetology Notes describes an adult viper found in the Borjomi valley with intermediate characters. The authors assess it as a hybrid, not a new, third viper species in Georgia.
- [Nearly 19,300 raptors counted in one day at Batumi](https://reptiles.ge/news/batumi-19300-raptors-2026): After rain and fog, the Batumi bottleneck recorded the season’s first 10,000-plus day. Nearly 19,300 birds were counted in total.

## Snakes species

- [Coronella austriaca](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/spilendza): Smooth snake. Harmless. Catalog id `coronella-austriaca`.
- [Dolichophis schmidti](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/tsitelmutsela-mtsuravi): Red-bellied racer. Harmless. Catalog id `dolichophis-schmidti`.
- [Eirenis collaris](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/saqeloiani-eirenisi): Collared Dwarf Snake. Harmless. Catalog id `eirenis-collaris`.
- [Eirenis modestus](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/tsqnari-eirenisi): Ring-headed Dwarf Snake. Harmless. Catalog id `eirenis-modestus`.
- [Elaphe dione](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/saxeebiani-mtsuravi): Steppe ratsnake. Harmless. Catalog id `elaphe-dione`.
- [Elaphe urartica](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/urartus-mtsuravi): Urartian ratsnake. Harmless. Catalog id `elaphe-urartica`.
- [Eryx jaculus](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/dasavluri-maxrchobela): Javelin Sand Boa. Harmless. Catalog id `eryx-jaculus`.
- [Hemorrhois ravergieri](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/nairferi-mtsuravi): Spotted Whip Snake. Harmless. Catalog id `hemorrhois-ravergieri`.
- [Macrovipera lebetinus](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/giurza): Levantine viper. High. Catalog id `macrovipera-lebetina`.
- [Malpolon insignitus](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/chveulebrivi-xvlikichamia-gveli): Eastern Montpellier Snake. Moderate. Catalog id `malpolon-insignitus`.
- [Natrix natrix](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/chveulebrivi-ankara): Grass snake. Harmless. Catalog id `natrix-natrix`.
- [Natrix tessellata](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/tsklis-ankara): Dice snake. Harmless. Catalog id `natrix-tessellata`.
- [Platyceps najadum](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/tsengosferi-mtsuravi): Dahl's whip snake. Harmless. Catalog id `platyceps-najadum`.
- [Telescopus fallax](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/katistvala): European cat snake. Harmless. Catalog id `telescopus-fallax`.
- [Vipera ammodytes](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/tsxvirrkosani-gvelgesla): Nose-horned viper. High. Catalog id `vipera-transcaucasiana`.
- [Vipera darevskii](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/darevskis-gvelgesla): Darevsky's viper. Moderate. Catalog id `vipera-darevskii`.
- [Vipera dinniki](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/dinikis-gvelgesla): Dinnik's viper. Moderate. Catalog id `vipera-dinniki`.
- [Vipera kaznakovi](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/kavkasiuri-gvelgesla): Caucasus viper. Moderate. Catalog id `vipera-kaznakovi`.
- [Vipera renardi](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/velis-gvelgesla): Eastern steppe viper. Moderate. Catalog id `vipera-renardi`.
- [Xerotyphlops vermicularis](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/gvelbrutsa): European Blind Snake. Harmless. Catalog id `xerotyphlops-vermicularis`.
- [Zamenis hohenackeri](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/amierkavkasiuri-mtsuravi): Transcaucasian Ratsnake. Harmless. Catalog id `zamenis-hohenackeri`.
- [Zamenis longissimus](https://reptiles.ge/gvelebi/eskulapis-mtsuravi): Aesculapian Snake. Harmless. Catalog id `zamenis-longissimus`.

## Lizards species

- [Ablepharus pannonicus](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/shishveltvala-stsinki): Asian Snake-Eyed Skink. Harmless. Catalog id `ablepharus-pannonicus`.
- [Anguis colchica](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/boxmecha): Colchis Slow Worm. Harmless. Catalog id `anguis-colchica`.
- [Darevskia adjarica](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/acharuli-kldis-xvliki): Ajarian Rock Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-adjarica`.
- [Darevskia alpina](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/afxazetis-kldis-xvliki): Alpine Rock Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-alpina`.
- [Darevskia armeniaca](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/somxuri-kldis-xvliki): Armenian Rock Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-armeniaca`.
- [Darevskia brauneri](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/brauneris-kldis-xvliki): Brauner's Rock Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-brauneri`.
- [Darevskia caucasica](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/kavkasionis-xvliki): Caucasian Rock Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-caucasica`.
- [Darevskia clarkorum](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/turkuli-xvliki): Clark's Rock Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-clarkorum`.
- [Darevskia daghestanica](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/daghestnuri-xvliki): Daghestanian Rock Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-daghestanica`.
- [Darevskia dahli](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/dalis-xvliki): Dahl's Rock Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-dahli`.
- [Darevskia derjugini](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/artvinis-xvliki): Derjugin's Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-derjugini`.
- [Darevskia mixta](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/acharuli-xvliki): Mixed Rock Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-mixta`.
- [Darevskia obscura](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/mesxuri-kldis-xvliki): Obscure Rock Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-obscura`.
- [Darevskia pontica](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/kolxuri-mdelos-xvliki): Pontic Meadow Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-pontica`.
- [Darevskia portschinskii](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/mtkvris-xvliki): Portschinsky's Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-portschinskii`.
- [Darevskia praticola](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/mdelos-xvliki): Meadow Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-praticola`.
- [Darevskia raddei](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/rades-xvliki): Radde's Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-raddei`.
- [Darevskia valentini](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/valentinis-xvliki): Valentin's Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `darevskia-valentini`.
- [Eremias arguta](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/feradi-fsveni): Steppe-Runner. Harmless. Catalog id `eremias-arguta`.
- [Eremias velox](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/mardi-fsveni): Rapid Racerunner. Harmless. Catalog id `eremias-velox`.
- [Eumeces schneiderii](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/grdzelfexa-stsinki): Schneider's Skink. Harmless. Catalog id `eumeces-schneiderii`.
- [Lacerta agilis](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/mardi-xvliki): Sand Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `lacerta-agilis`.
- [Lacerta media](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/sashualo-xvliki): Caucasian Green Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `lacerta-media`.
- [Lacerta strigata](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/zoliani-xvliki): Striped Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `lacerta-strigata`.
- [Ophisops elegans](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/koxta-gveltava): Snake-Eyed Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `ophisops-elegans`.
- [Paralaudakia caucasia](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/jojo): Caucasian Agama. Harmless. Catalog id `paralaudakia-caucasia`.
- [Phoenicolacerta laevis](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/libanuri-xvliki): Lebanon Lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `phoenicolacerta-laevis`.
- [Pseudopus apodus](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/gvelxokera): European glass lizard. Harmless. Catalog id `pseudopus-apodus`.
- [Tenuidactylus caspius](https://reptiles.ge/xvlikebi/kaspiuri-gekoni): Caspian Thick-toed Gecko. Harmless. Catalog id `tenuidactylus-caspius`.

## Turtles species

- [Emys orbicularis](https://reptiles.ge/kuebi/chaobis-ku): European Pond Turtle. Harmless. Catalog id `emys-orbicularis`.
- [Mauremys caspica](https://reptiles.ge/kuebi/kaspiuri-ku): Caspian Turtle. Harmless. Catalog id `mauremys-caspica`.
- [Testudo graeca](https://reptiles.ge/kuebi/xmeltashuazghvetis-ku): Mediterranean Tortoise. Harmless. Catalog id `testudo-graeca`.
- [Trachemys scripta](https://reptiles.ge/kuebi/tsitelqura-ku): Pond Slider. Harmless. Catalog id `trachemys-scripta`.

## Amphibians species

- [Bufo verrucosissimus](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/kavkasiuri-gombesho): Caucasian Toad. Harmless. Catalog id `bufo-verrucosissimus`.
- [Bufotes viridis](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/mtsvane-gombesho): Green Toad. Harmless. Catalog id `bufotes-viridis`.
- [Hyla orientalis](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/aghmosavluri-vasaka): Eastern Treefrog. Harmless. Catalog id `hyla-orientalis`.
- [Hyla savignyi](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/mtsireaziuri-vasaka): Yellow-Lemon Treefrog. Harmless. Catalog id `hyla-savignyi`.
- [Lissotriton lantzi](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/kavkasiuri-chveulebrivi-tritoni): Caucasian Smooth Newt. Harmless. Catalog id `lissotriton-lantzi`.
- [Mertensiella caucasica](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/kavkasiuri-salamandra): Caucasian Salamander. Harmless. Catalog id `mertensiella-caucasica`.
- [Ommatotriton ophryticus](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/kavkasiuri-tritoni): Northern Banded Newt. Harmless. Catalog id `ommatotriton-ophryticus`.
- [Pelobates syriacus](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/siriuli-mqvari): Eastern Spadefoot. Harmless. Catalog id `pelobates-syriacus`.
- [Pelodytes caucasicus](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/kavkasiuri-jvriana): Caucasian Parsley Frog. Harmless. Catalog id `pelodytes-caucasicus`.
- [Pelophylax ridibundus](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/tboris-baqaqi): Marsh Frog. Harmless. Catalog id `pelophylax-ridibundus`.
- [Rana macrocnemis](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/mtsireaziuri-baqaqi): Caucasian Brown Frog. Harmless. Catalog id `rana-macrocnemis`.
- [Triturus karelinii](https://reptiles.ge/amfibiebi/karelinis-savartsxliani-tritoni): Eastern Crested Newt. Harmless. Catalog id `triturus-karelinii`.

## Birds species

Published birds profiles only. Not a complete national avifauna list.

- [Accipiter gentilis](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/kori): Eurasian goshawk. Catalog id `accipiter-gentilis`.
- [Accipiter nisus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/mimino): Eurasian sparrowhawk. Catalog id `accipiter-nisus`.
- [Aegolius funereus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/bukioti): Tengmalm's owl. Catalog id `aegolius-funereus`.
- [Aegypius monachus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/svavi): Cinereous vulture. Catalog id `aegypius-monachus`.
- [Alectoris chukar](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/kakabi): Chukar Partridge. Catalog id `alectoris-chukar`.
- [Anas platyrhynchos](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/gareuli-ixvi): Mallard. Catalog id `anas-platyrhynchos`.
- [Apus apus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/namgala): Common swift. Catalog id `apus-apus`.
- [Aquila chrysaetos](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/mtis-artsivi): Golden eagle. Catalog id `aquila-chrysaetos`.
- [Athene noctua](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/choti): Little owl. Catalog id `athene-noctua`.
- [Bubo bubo](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/zarnasho): Eurasian eagle-owl. Catalog id `bubo-bubo`.
- [Buteo buteo](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/chveulebrivi-kakacha): Common buzzard. Catalog id `buteo-buteo`.
- [Ciconia ciconia](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/tetri-qarqati): White stork. Catalog id `ciconia-ciconia`.
- [Columba livia](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/gareuli-mtredi): Rock Dove. Catalog id `columba-livia`.
- [Columba palumbus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/kedani): Common woodpigeon. Catalog id `columba-palumbus`.
- [Corvus corax](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/qorani): Northern raven. Catalog id `corvus-corax`.
- [Coturnix coturnix](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/mtskeri): Common quail. Catalog id `coturnix-coturnix`.
- [Cuculus canorus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/guguli): Common cuckoo. Catalog id `cuculus-canorus`.
- [Dendrocopos major](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/didi-chreli-kodala): Great spotted woodpecker. Catalog id `dendrocopos-major`.
- [Emberiza citrinella](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/chveulebrivi-grata): Yellowhammer. Catalog id `emberiza-citrinella`.
- [Erithacus rubecula](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/gultsitela): European robin. Catalog id `erithacus-rubecula`.
- [Falco peregrinus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/shavardeni): Peregrine falcon. Catalog id `falco-peregrinus`.
- [Falco tinnunculus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/kirkita): Common kestrel. Catalog id `falco-tinnunculus`.
- [Ficedula hypoleuca](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/chreli-mematlia): European pied flycatcher. Catalog id `ficedula-hypoleuca`.
- [Ficedula semitorquata](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/naxevarsaqeloiani-mematlia): Semi-collared flycatcher. Catalog id `ficedula-semitorquata`.
- [Garrulus glandarius](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/chxikvi): Eurasian jay. Catalog id `garrulus-glandarius`.
- [Glareola pratincola](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/mdelos-mertsxala): Collared pratincole. Catalog id `glareola-pratincola`.
- [Gypaetus barbatus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/batkandzeri): Bearded vulture. Catalog id `gypaetus-barbatus`.
- [Gyps fulvus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/orbi): Griffon vulture. Catalog id `gyps-fulvus`.
- [Jynx torquilla](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/maktsia): Eurasian wryneck. Catalog id `jynx-torquilla`.
- [Lanius collurio](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/chveulebrivi-ghazho): Red-backed Shrike. Catalog id `lanius-collurio`.
- [Larus fuscus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/frtashavi-tolia): Lesser Black-backed Gull. Catalog id `larus-fuscus`.
- [Luscinia megarhynchos](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/bulbuli): Common nightingale. Catalog id `luscinia-megarhynchos`.
- [Milvus migrans](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/shavi-dzera): Black kite. Catalog id `milvus-migrans`.
- [Motacilla alba](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/tetri-bolokankara): White wagtail. Catalog id `motacilla-alba`.
- [Neophron percnopterus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/faskunji): Egyptian vulture. Catalog id `neophron-percnopterus`.
- [Otus scops](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/chveulebrivi-tsqromi): Eurasian scops owl. Catalog id `otus-scops`.
- [Pernis apivorus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/bolokarkazi): European honey buzzard. Catalog id `pernis-apivorus`.
- [Phasianus colchicus](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/xoxobi): Common pheasant. Catalog id `phasianus-colchicus`.
- [Pica pica](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/kachkachi): Eurasian magpie. Catalog id `pica-pica`.
- [Picus viridis](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/mtsvane-kodala): European green woodpecker. Catalog id `picus-viridis`.
- [Streptopelia turtur](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/gvriti): European turtle dove. Catalog id `streptopelia-turtur`.
- [Strix aluco](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/chveulebrivi-bu): Tawny owl. Catalog id `strix-aluco`.
- [Turdus merula](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/shavi-shashvi): Common blackbird. Catalog id `turdus-merula`.
- [Tyto alba](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/bukhrintsa): Western barn owl. Catalog id `tyto-alba`.
- [Upupa epops](https://reptiles.ge/prinvelebi/ofofi): Eurasian hoopoe. Catalog id `upupa-epops`.

## Mammals species

Published mammals profiles only. Not a complete national fauna list.

- [Canis aureus](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/chveulebrivi-tura): Golden jackal. Catalog id `canis-aureus`.
- [Canis lupus](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/ruxi-mgeli): Grey wolf. Catalog id `canis-lupus`.
- [Capra aegagrus](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/niamori): Wild goat. Catalog id `capra-aegagrus`.
- [Capra cylindricornis](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/aghmosavletkavkasiuri-jixvi): East Caucasian tur. Catalog id `capra-cylindricornis`.
- [Capreolus capreolus](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/evropuli-shveli): European roe deer. Catalog id `capreolus-capreolus`.
- [Cervus elaphus](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/ketilshobili-iremi): Red deer. Catalog id `cervus-elaphus`.
- [Erinaceus concolor](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/evropuli-zgharbi): Southern white-breasted hedgehog. Catalog id `erinaceus-concolor`.
- [Lutra lutra](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/chveulebrivi-tsavi): Eurasian otter. Catalog id `lutra-lutra`.
- [Lynx lynx](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/fotsxveri): Eurasian lynx. Catalog id `lynx-lynx`.
- [Meles canescens](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/machvi): Caucasian badger. Catalog id `meles-canescens`.
- [Mustela nivalis](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/dedofala): Least weasel. Catalog id `mustela-nivalis`.
- [Panthera pardus](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/kavkasiuri-jiki): Caucasian leopard. Catalog id `panthera-pardus`.
- [Procyon lotor](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/enoti): Raccoon. Catalog id `procyon-lotor`.
- [Sciurus anomalus](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/kavkasiuri-tsiqvi): Caucasian squirrel. Catalog id `sciurus-anomalus`.
- [Sus scrofa](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/gareuli-ghori): Wild boar. Catalog id `sus-scrofa`.
- [Ursus arctos](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/mura-datvi): Brown bear. Catalog id `ursus-arctos`.
- [Vulpes vulpes](https://reptiles.ge/dzuzumtsovrebi/mela): Red fox. Catalog id `vulpes-vulpes`.

## Spiders species

Published spiders profiles only. Not a complete national fauna list.

- [Araneus diadematus](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi/chveulebrivi-jvriana): European garden spider. Harmless. Catalog id `araneus-diadematus`.
- [Argiope bruennichi](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi/argiopa): Wasp spider. Harmless. Catalog id `argiope-bruennichi`.
- [Argiope lobata](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi/lobebiani-argiopa): Lobed argiope. Harmless. Catalog id `argiope-lobata`.
- [Cheiracanthium punctorium](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi/cheiracanthium-punctorium): European yellow sac spider. Catalog id `cheiracanthium-punctorium`.
- [Latrodectus tredecimguttatus](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi/qaraqurti): Mediterranean black widow. High. Catalog id `latrodectus-tredecimguttatus`.
- [Lycosa singoriensis](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi/tarantuli-didi-mglis-oboba): South Russian tarantula. Harmless. Catalog id `lycosa-singoriensis`.
- [Pholcus phalangioides](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi/grdzelfexa-folkusi): Long-bodied cellar spider. Harmless. Catalog id `pholcus-phalangioides`.
- [Steatoda paykulliana](https://reptiles.ge/obobebi/tsru-qaraqurti): False black widow. Moderate. Catalog id `steatoda-paykulliana`.

## Scorpions species

- [Euscorpius italicus](https://reptiles.ge/morieli/italiuri-morieli): Italian scorpion. Harmless. Catalog id `euscorpius-italicus`.
- [Euscorpius mingrelicus](https://reptiles.ge/morieli/megruli-morieli): Mingrelian scorpion. Harmless. Catalog id `euscorpius-mingrelicus`.
- [Mesobuthus eupeus](https://reptiles.ge/morieli/chreli-morieli): Mottled scorpion. Moderate. Catalog id `mesobuthus-eupeus`.
- [Olivierus caucasicus](https://reptiles.ge/morieli/kavkasiuri-morieli): Caucasian scorpion. Moderate. Catalog id `olivierus-caucasicus`.

## Insects species

- [Blatta orientalis](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/shavi-tarakana): Oriental cockroach. Catalog id `blatta-orientalis`.
- [Cimex lectularius](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/satsolis-baghlinjo): Common bed bug. Catalog id `cimex-lectularius`.
- [Halyomorpha halys](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/aziuri-farosana): Brown marmorated stink bug. Catalog id `halyomorpha-halys`.
- [Mantis religiosa](https://reptiles.ge/mtserebi/chokela): European mantis. Catalog id `mantis-religiosa`.

## Secondary resources

- [Contact](https://reptiles.ge/contact): Corrections and questions.
- [Developers](https://reptiles.ge/developers): Read-only JSON API of the atlas and the form to request an API key.
- [Quizzes](https://reptiles.ge/quiz): Quiz index. Turtle quiz is listed as coming soon (no URL).
- [Which snake?](https://reptiles.ge/quiz/romeli-gvelia): Snake photo quiz. Practice, not field ID. No result URLs.
- [Which lizard?](https://reptiles.ge/quiz/romeli-xvlikia): Lizard photo quiz. Practice, not field ID. No result URLs.
- [Tarkhnishvili et al. 2026](https://doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.5.e189214): Annotated checklist cited for amphibians and reptiles.
- [Iankoshvili & Tarkhnishvili 2021](https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2021.1957208): Snake distribution paper cited on About and some snake profiles.