Generated by Yoast SEO v26.3, this is an llms.txt file, meant for consumption by LLMs. The XML sitemap of this website can be found by following [this link](https://www.palmsens.com/sitemap_index.xml). # PalmSens > PalmSens develops instruments for electrochemical applications\. We specialize in making ✅ small, ✅ portable, ✅ economical, potentiostats\. View all types\. ## Pages - [Potentiostat](https://www.palmsens.com/potentiostat/): A potentiostat is a device that can demonstrate the presence of a certain substance by measuring electrical waves\. Learn how it works - [Potentiostat for spectroelectrochemistry](https://www.palmsens.com/potentiostat/spectro-electrochemical-potentiostat/): A potentiostat is a device that can demonstrate the presence of a certain substance by measuring electrical waves\. Learn how it works - [Potentiostat for advanced users](https://www.palmsens.com/potentiostat/potentiostat-for-advanced-users/) - [Potentiostat for corrosion research](https://www.palmsens.com/potentiostat/potentiostat-for-corrosion-research/): A potentiostat is a device that can demonstrate the presence of a certain substance by measuring electrical waves\. Learn how it works - [Operator Manuals and EU Declarations of Conformity](https://www.palmsens.com/manuals/) ## Events - [6th International Electronic Conference on Biosensors \(IECB 2027\)](https://www.palmsens.com/events/6th-international-electronic-conference-on-biosensors-iecb-2027/) - [ElecNano12](https://www.palmsens.com/events/elecnano12/) - [The 30th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences \- Micro\-Total Analysis Systems \(µTAS 2026\)](https://www.palmsens.com/events/the-30th-international-conference-on-miniaturized-systems-for-chemistry-and-life-sciences-micro-total-analysis-systems-µtas-2026/) - [National School on Chemical Sensors](https://www.palmsens.com/events/national-school-on-chemical-sensors/) - [The 24th National Electrochemical Conference of the Chinese Chemical Society](https://www.palmsens.com/events/the-24th-national-electrochemical-conference-of-the-chinese-chemical-society/) ## Publications - [Bayesian probabilistic model for quantifying CBD by voltammetry in screen\-printed sensors](https://www.palmsens.com/publications/bayesian-probabilistic-model-for-quantifying-cbd-by-voltammetry-in-screen-printed-sensors/) - [](https://www.palmsens.com/publications/53676/) - [Revealing the operando ORR mechanism of single\-atom catalysts anchored in nanobowl structures for advanced hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells](https://www.palmsens.com/publications/revealing-the-operando-orr-mechanism-of-single-atom-catalysts-anchored-in-nanobowl-structures-for-advanced-hydroxide-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells/) - [Carbon black nanoparticles embedded in anodic biofilm to facilitate electron transfer in bio\-electrochemical systems](https://www.palmsens.com/publications/carbon-black-nanoparticles-embedded-in-anodic-biofilm-to-facilitate-electron-transfer-in-bio-electrochemical-systems/) - [Enhancing analytical performance of tyrosinase\-based sensors with nanoparticles for detection of isoproterenol](https://www.palmsens.com/publications/enhancing-analytical-performance-of-tyrosinase-based-sensors-with-nanoparticles-for-detection-of-isoproterenol/) ## Knowledge Base - [Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy \(EIS\)](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-article/electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy-eis/): Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy \(EIS\) is an electrochemical technique to measure the impedance of a system in dependence of the AC potentials frequency\. - [Nernst equation](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-article/nernst-equation-3/): The Nernst equation is one of the two central equations in electrochemistry\. It describes the dependency of an electrode’s potential on its chemical environment\. - [ItalSens Gold SPE IS\-W1\-2\.C1\.RS\.35 description](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-article/italsens-gold-2-35/) - [ItalSens Gold SPE IS\-W1\-3\.C1\.RS\.35 description](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-article/italsens-gold-3-35/) - [ItalSens Gold SPE IS\-W1\-2\.C1\.RS\.50 description](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-article/italsens-gold-spe-is-w1-2-c1-rs-50-description/) ## Software - [Software Development Tools for Pico](https://www.palmsens.com/software-item/software-development-tools-for-oem/) - [Software Development Tools for Sensit series](https://www.palmsens.com/software-item/software-development-tools-for-oem-copy/) - [Software for RackMount 16CH](https://www.palmsens.com/software-item/software-for-rackmount-16ch/) - [Software for Sensit Wearable](https://www.palmsens.com/software-item/pstrace-methodscript-and-sdk/) - [Software for EmStat4MUX](https://www.palmsens.com/software-item/software-for-emstat4mux/) ## Distributors - [Interprise / Interprise USA Corporation \- Brazil](https://www.palmsens.com/distributor/interprise-brasil/) - [BioSensTech \- Mexico](https://www.palmsens.com/distributor/biosenstech-s-a-de-c-v/) - [NanoFlujos \- Mexico](https://www.palmsens.com/distributor/nanoflujos-mexico/) - [Qrins \- South Korea](https://www.palmsens.com/distributor/qrins-south-korea/) - [Red Matrix \- Southern China](https://www.palmsens.com/distributor/red-matrix-china/) ## Vacancies - [Mobile/Desktop C\# Developer](https://www.palmsens.com/vacancy/mobile-desktop-c-developer/) - [Open Application](https://www.palmsens.com/vacancy/open-application/) ## Products - [Sensit Smart](https://www.palmsens.com/product/sensit-smart/) - [Sensit Wearable](https://www.palmsens.com/product/sensit-wearable/) - [BVT SPE for Glucose detection](https://www.palmsens.com/product/ac1-gox/): \\\ - [Nexus](https://www.palmsens.com/product/nexus/) - [ItalSens Coating Evaluation Test Cell](https://www.palmsens.com/product/is-cetc-coating-evaluation-test-cell/) ## Categories - [Geen categorie](https://www.palmsens.com/category/geen-categorie/) - [Geen categorie](https://www.palmsens.com/category/geen-categorie-de/) - [Unkategorisiert](https://www.palmsens.com/category/unkategorisiert/) - [no category](https://www.palmsens.com/category/no-category/) ## Categories - [Analytical / Physical Chemistry](https://www.palmsens.com/categories/analytical-physical-chemistry/) - [Health Care / Pharmacology](https://www.palmsens.com/categories/health-care-pharmacology/) - [Environmental Sciences](https://www.palmsens.com/categories/environmental-sciences/) - [Food Science](https://www.palmsens.com/categories/food-science/) - [Plants / Animals / Microbes](https://www.palmsens.com/categories/plants-animals-microbes/) ## Instruments - [PalmSens series](https://www.palmsens.com/instruments/palmsens-series/) - [PalmSens4](https://www.palmsens.com/instruments/palmsens4/) - [EmStat series](https://www.palmsens.com/instruments/emstat-series/) - [PalmSens](https://www.palmsens.com/instruments/palmsens/) - [EmStat3](https://www.palmsens.com/instruments/emstat3/) ## Categories - [Electrochemistry explained](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-category/electrochemistry-explained/) - [Electrochemical techniques](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-category/electrochemical-techniques/) - [Tutorials](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-category/tutorials/) - [Application Notes](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-category/application-notes/) - [PSTrace Tutorials](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-category/pstrace-tutorials/) ## Tags - [Potentiostat](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-topic/potentiostat/) - [Cyclic voltammetry](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-topic/cyclic-voltammetry/) - [Corrosion](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-topic/corrosion/) - [Linear Sweep Voltammetry](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-topic/linear-sweep-voltammetry/) - [Amperometric techniques](https://www.palmsens.com/knowledgebase-topic/amperometric-techniques/) ## Education - [Master’s degree in Computer Science](https://www.palmsens.com/education/masters-degree-in-computer-science/) ## Employment - [Full\-time](https://www.palmsens.com/employment/full-time/) ## Expertise - [Software](https://www.palmsens.com/expertise/software/) - [All](https://www.palmsens.com/expertise/all/) ## Product categories - [Accessories](https://www.palmsens.com/products/accessories/) - [Sensors](https://www.palmsens.com/products/sensors/) - [Third\-Party Classic electrodes](https://www.palmsens.com/products/sensors/classic-electrodes/) - [Third\-Party Electrochemical Sensors](https://www.palmsens.com/products/sensors/screen-printed-electrodes/) - [Sensor Connection](https://www.palmsens.com/products/sensors/sensor-connection/) ## Product Ac\-amplitude range - [1 mV to 0\.25 V \(rms\) or 0\.708 V p\-p](https://www.palmsens.com/ac-amplitude-range/1mv/) - [1 mV to 900 mV rms, or 2\.5 V p\-p](https://www.palmsens.com/ac-amplitude-range/900mv/) - [\-](https://www.palmsens.com/ac-amplitude-range/826/) - [1 mV to 0\.3 V \(rms\) or 0\.8 V p\-p](https://www.palmsens.com/ac-amplitude-range/1-mv-to-0-3-v-rms-or-0-8-v-p-p/) ## Product Accessory type - [Cell](https://www.palmsens.com/accessory-type/cell/) - [Connector](https://www.palmsens.com/accessory-type/connector/) - [Other](https://www.palmsens.com/accessory-type/other/) - [Multiplexer](https://www.palmsens.com/accessory-type/multiplexer/) - [Flow Cell](https://www.palmsens.com/accessory-type/flow-cell/) ## Product Add Bipotentiostat - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/add-bipot-module/yes/) - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/add-bipot-module/no/) ## Product Add crocodile clips - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/add-crocodile-clips/yes/) - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/add-crocodile-clips/no/) ## Product Add iR\-compensation - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/add-ir-compensation-module/yes/) - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/add-ir-compensation-module/no/) ## Product Add\-on - [Batch Cell PMMA\-5\.0](https://www.palmsens.com/add-on/batch-cell-pmma-5-0/) - [Flow Cell PMMA\-3\.5](https://www.palmsens.com/add-on/flow-cell-pmma-3-5/) - [Batch Cell PEEK\-5\.0](https://www.palmsens.com/add-on/batch-cell-peek-5-0/) - [Flow Cell PMMA\-2\.0](https://www.palmsens.com/add-on/flow-cell-pmma-2-0/) - [Thin Layer PMMA\-1\.0](https://www.palmsens.com/add-on/thin-layer-pmma-1-0/) ## Product Amount of WEs - [1](https://www.palmsens.com/amount-of-wes/1/) - [2](https://www.palmsens.com/amount-of-wes/2/) - [16](https://www.palmsens.com/amount-of-wes/16/) - [8](https://www.palmsens.com/amount-of-wes/8/) ## Product Analytes - [Arsenic](https://www.palmsens.com/analytes/arsenic/) - [Pesticides](https://www.palmsens.com/analytes/pesticides/) - [Heavy Metals](https://www.palmsens.com/analytes/heavy-metals/) - [Glucose](https://www.palmsens.com/analytes/glucose/) - [Oxygen](https://www.palmsens.com/analytes/oxygen/) ## Product Aperture size - [11\.3 mm dia\. \(1 cm2\)](https://www.palmsens.com/aperture-size/11-3-mm-dia-1-cm2/) - [5 mm dia\. \(0\.2 cm2\)](https://www.palmsens.com/aperture-size/5-mm-dia-0-2-cm2/) - [0\.5 cm²](https://www.palmsens.com/aperture-size/0-5-cm%c2%b2/) - [1 cm²](https://www.palmsens.com/aperture-size/1-cm%c2%b2/) ## Product Applied dc\-current resolution Galvanostat - [\-](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-dc-cur-res-gs/823/) - [0\.01% or 0\.0183% of applied current range](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-dc-cur-res-gs/0-01-of-applied-current-range/) - [0\.005 % of applied current range](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-dc-cur-res-gs/percentage-applied-current-range/) - [0\.0038% of applied current range](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-dc-cur-res-gs/0-0038-of-applied-current-range/) ## Product Applied dc\-potential resolution - [395 µV](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-dc-potential-res/395uv/) - [100 µV](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-dc-potential-res/100-%c2%b5v/) - [100 µV or 183 µV](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-dc-potential-res/100-%c2%b5v-or-183-%c2%b5v/) - [100 µV or 125 µV](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-dc-potential-res/100or125uv/) - [76\.3 µV](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-dc-potential-res/76uv/) ## Product Applied potential accuracy - [≤0\.2 % \+1 mV offset](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-pot-accuracy/%e2%89%a40-2-1-mv-offset/) - [\<0\.5 %](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-pot-accuracy/half-percent/) - [≤0\.2 % \+2 mV or \+3 mV offset](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-pot-accuracy/2or3mv/) - [≤0\.1 % \+1 mV offset](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-pot-accuracy/1mv/) - [≤0\.2 % \+2 mV offset](https://www.palmsens.com/applied-pot-accuracy/%e2%89%a40-2-2-mv-offset/) ## Product Auxiliary port - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/aux-port/no/) - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/aux-port/yes/) ## Product AWG signal line - [24](https://www.palmsens.com/awg-signal-line/24/) ## Product Bandwidth - [250 kHz](https://www.palmsens.com/bandwidth/250khz/) - [10 kHz default, or 500 kHz for EIS and fast CA/CP](https://www.palmsens.com/bandwidth/10-khz-default-or-500-khz-for-eis-and-fast-ca-cp/) - [35 kHz](https://www.palmsens.com/bandwidth/35khz/) - [1 MHz](https://www.palmsens.com/bandwidth/1mhz/) ## Product Based on - [EmStat Pico](https://www.palmsens.com/based-on/emstat-pico/) - [EmStat3](https://www.palmsens.com/based-on/emstat3/) - [EmStat3\+](https://www.palmsens.com/based-on/emstat3-3/) ## Product Battery life - [\-](https://www.palmsens.com/battery-life/828/) - [12 hours at max power consumption](https://www.palmsens.com/battery-life/12h/) - [6 hours with cell on at 10 mA current](https://www.palmsens.com/battery-life/6h-10ma/) - [8 hours measurement time](https://www.palmsens.com/battery-life/8-hours-measurement-time/) - [16 hours idle time](https://www.palmsens.com/battery-life/16h/) ## Product BiPot capabilities - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/bipot-capabilities/yes/) - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/bipot-capabilities/no/) ## Product Body / coat material - [Glass](https://www.palmsens.com/body-coat-material/glass/) - [PTFE](https://www.palmsens.com/body-coat-material/ptfe/) - [PEEK](https://www.palmsens.com/body-coat-material/peek/) - [PCTFE](https://www.palmsens.com/body-coat-material/pctfe/) - [PMMA](https://www.palmsens.com/body-coat-material/pmma/) ## Product Brand - [ItalSens](https://www.palmsens.com/brand/italsens/) - [PalmSens](https://www.palmsens.com/brand/palmsens/) - [BASI](https://www.palmsens.com/brand/basi/) - [BVT Technologies](https://www.palmsens.com/brand/bvt-technologies/) - [Other](https://www.palmsens.com/brand/other/) ## Product Can be used stand\-alone - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/can-be-used-stand-alone/yes/) - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/can-be-used-stand-alone/no/) ## Product Capacity - [50 mL](https://www.palmsens.com/capacity/50ml/) - [100 mL](https://www.palmsens.com/capacity/100ml/) - [250 mL](https://www.palmsens.com/capacity/250ml/) - [150 mL](https://www.palmsens.com/capacity/150ml/) - [25 mL](https://www.palmsens.com/capacity/25-ml/) ## Product CE material - [Carbon](https://www.palmsens.com/ce-material/carbon/) - [Gold](https://www.palmsens.com/ce-material/gold/) - [Platinum](https://www.palmsens.com/ce-material/platinum/) - [Graphene](https://www.palmsens.com/ce-material/graphene/) - [Carbon film](https://www.palmsens.com/ce-material/carbon-film/) ## Product Channels - [1](https://www.palmsens.com/channels/1/) - [2](https://www.palmsens.com/channels/2/) - [8](https://www.palmsens.com/channels/8/) - [4](https://www.palmsens.com/channels/4/) - [12](https://www.palmsens.com/channels/12/) ## Product Combined RE and CE - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/combined-re-and-ce/no/) - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/combined-re-and-ce/yes/) ## Product Communication - [USB \(type C\)](https://www.palmsens.com/communication/usb/) - [Bluetooth](https://www.palmsens.com/communication/bluetooth/) - [USB](https://www.palmsens.com/communication/usb-2/) - [UART](https://www.palmsens.com/communication/uart/) - [Ethernet](https://www.palmsens.com/communication/ethernet/) ## Product Compatible with - [EmStat3 Blue](https://www.palmsens.com/compatible-with/emstat3-blue/) - [PalmSens4](https://www.palmsens.com/compatible-with/palmsens4/) - [PalmSens3](https://www.palmsens.com/compatible-with/palmsens3/) - [PalmSens2](https://www.palmsens.com/compatible-with/palmsens2/) - [EmStat3](https://www.palmsens.com/compatible-with/emstat3/) ## Product Compliance voltage - [±5 V or ±8 V](https://www.palmsens.com/compliance-voltage/5or8v/) - [\-2\.0 to \+2\.3 V](https://www.palmsens.com/compliance-voltage/2v/) - [±5 V](https://www.palmsens.com/compliance-voltage/%c2%b15-v/) - [±10 V](https://www.palmsens.com/compliance-voltage/10v/) - [±12 V](https://www.palmsens.com/compliance-voltage/%c2%b112-v/) ## Product Conductor cross section - [37x 0\.25 mm²](https://www.palmsens.com/conductor-cross-section/37x-0-25-mm%c2%b2/) ## Product Configuration - [Attachment only](https://www.palmsens.com/configuration/attachment-only/) - [Attachment with SPE holder](https://www.palmsens.com/configuration/attachment-with-spe-holder/) ## Product Cell Connection - [Connection \(screw\) terminal](https://www.palmsens.com/connection/screw-board-connection-terminal/) - [2 mm Banana receptacles](https://www.palmsens.com/connection/2-mm-banana-receptacles/) - [Double shielded cell cables \(recommended\)](https://www.palmsens.com/connection/d-sub-cables-with-banana-plugs-double-shielded/) - [Screen Printed Electrode adapter](https://www.palmsens.com/connection/spe-adapter-option-d/) - [High density cable with ferrules](https://www.palmsens.com/connection/hd-cable-with-ferrules/) ## Product Connection module for - [Cell cable \[SNS\]](https://www.palmsens.com/connection-module-for/sensor-cable/) - [Screen\-Printed\-Electrode \[SPE\]](https://www.palmsens.com/connection-module-for/screen-printed-electrode-spe/) - [Both SNS and SPE](https://www.palmsens.com/connection-module-for/both-sns-and-spe/) ## Product Current accuracy - [\< 0\.2% of current ±0\.2% of range ±20 pA](https://www.palmsens.com/curent-accuracy/0-2-of-current-%c2%b10-2-of-range-%c2%b120-pa/) - [\< 0\.5% of current ±0\.1% of range](https://www.palmsens.com/curent-accuracy/0-5-of-current-%c2%b10-1-of-range/) - [≤0\.5 % \(FSR\)](https://www.palmsens.com/curent-accuracy/half-percent-fsr/) - [\< 0\.2% of current ±0\.1% of range ±10 pA](https://www.palmsens.com/curent-accuracy/0-2-of-current-%c2%b10-1-of-range-%c2%b110-pa/) - [≤0\.1 % \(FSR\)](https://www.palmsens.com/curent-accuracy/one-tenth-percent-fsr/) ## Product Current ranges - [1 nA to 10 mA \(8 ranges\)](https://www.palmsens.com/current-ranges/1-na-to-10-ma-8-ranges/) - [100 nA to 5 mA](https://www.palmsens.com/current-ranges/100na-to-5ma/) - [100 nA to 100 mA \(7 ranges\)](https://www.palmsens.com/current-ranges/100-na-to-100-ma-7-ranges/) - [1 nA to 10 mA \(8 ranges\) or 100 mA \(9 ranges\)](https://www.palmsens.com/current-ranges/1na-to-100ma/) - [100 pA to 10 mA \(9 ranges\)](https://www.palmsens.com/current-ranges/100pa-to-10ma/) ## Product Current ranges galvanostat - [\-](https://www.palmsens.com/current-ranges-gs/829/) - [10 nA \(LR\), 1 uA, 100 uA, 10 mA, 100 mA \(HR\) \(4 ranges\)](https://www.palmsens.com/current-ranges-gs/10-na-lr-1-ua-100-ua-10-ma-100-ma-hr-4-ranges/) - [1 nA to 10 mA \(8 ranges\)](https://www.palmsens.com/current-ranges-gs/1na-to-10ma/) - [10 nA](https://www.palmsens.com/current-ranges-gs/10-na/) - [1 nA to 1 A \(10 ranges\)](https://www.palmsens.com/current-ranges-gs/1-na-to-1-a-10-ranges/) ## Product DEA Potential Range - [±10 V](https://www.palmsens.com/dea-potential-range/10-v/) - [±5 V](https://www.palmsens.com/dea-potential-range/5-v/) - [±1 V](https://www.palmsens.com/dea-potential-range/1-v/) ## Product Electrochemical Techniques - [Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy](https://www.palmsens.com/electrochemical-techniques/eis/) - [Chronoamperometry](https://www.palmsens.com/electrochemical-techniques/ca/) - [Cyclic Voltammetry](https://www.palmsens.com/electrochemical-techniques/cv/) ## Product Electrode active material - [Platinum](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-active-material/platinum/) - [Silver](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-active-material/silver/) - [Gold](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-active-material/gold/) - [Silver covered with Silver Chloride](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-active-material/silver-covered-with-silver-chloride/) - [Glassy Carbon](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-active-material/glassy-carbon/) ## Product Electrode diameter - [18 mm \(default\)](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-diameter/18-mm-default/) - [16 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-diameter/16-mm/) - [15 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-diameter/15-mm/) - [12 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-diameter/12-mm/) - [6 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-diameter/6-mm/) ## Product Electrode \(inner\) diameter - [3 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-inner-diameter/3-mm/) - [2 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-inner-diameter/2-mm/) - [25 µm](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-inner-diameter/25-%c2%b5m/) - [10 µm](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-inner-diameter/10-%c2%b5m/) - [0\.1 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-inner-diameter/0-1-mm/) ## Product Electrode system - [CE \+ RE \+ WE](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-system/ce-re-we/) - [CE/RE \+ WE](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-system/cere-we/) - [CE \+ RE \+ 2xWE](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-system/ce-re-2xwe/) - [CE/RE \+ 2xWE](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-system/ce-re-2xwe-2/) ## Product Electrode type - [Reference Electrode](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-type/reference-electrode/) - [Counter / Auxiliary Electrode](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-type/counter-auxiliary-electrode/) - [Working Electrode](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-type/working-electrode/) - [Selective Electrode](https://www.palmsens.com/electrode-type/selective-electrode/) ## Product Electrolyte type - [Water\-based](https://www.palmsens.com/electrolyte-type/water-based/) - [Organic solvent based](https://www.palmsens.com/electrolyte-type/organic-solvent-based/) - [Water and organic solvent based](https://www.palmsens.com/electrolyte-type/water-and-organic-solvent-based/) ## Product Electrometer amplifier input - [\> 1 TΩ // 10 pF](https://www.palmsens.com/electrometer-amp-input/10pf/) - [\> 100 Gohm // 4 pF](https://www.palmsens.com/electrometer-amp-input/4pf/) ## Product Filling Solution - [KCl\(aq\)](https://www.palmsens.com/filling-solution/kcl/) - [NaCl\(aq\)](https://www.palmsens.com/filling-solution/nacl/) - [None](https://www.palmsens.com/filling-solution/none/) ## Product FRA / EIS mode - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/fra-eis-mode/yes/) - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/fra-eis-mode/no/) ## Product Frequency range - [0\.016 Hz to 200 kHz](https://www.palmsens.com/frequency-range/200khz/) - [10 µHz to 200 kHz](https://www.palmsens.com/frequency-range/10-%c2%b5hz-to-200-khz/) - [\-](https://www.palmsens.com/frequency-range/825/) - [10 µHz to 100 kHz or 1 MHz](https://www.palmsens.com/frequency-range/1mhz/) - [10 µHz to 1 MHz](https://www.palmsens.com/frequency-range/10-%c2%b5hz-to-1-mhz/) ## Product Galvanic isolation - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/galvanic-isolation/yes/) - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/galvanic-isolation/no/) ## Product Galvanostat mode - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/galvanostat-mode/yes/) - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/galvanostat-mode/no/) ## Product Housing - [Standard](https://www.palmsens.com/housing/standard/) - [Ruggedized](https://www.palmsens.com/housing/ruggedized/) ## Product Include 6x Sensit Smart? - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/include-6x-sensit-smart/yes/) - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/include-6x-sensit-smart/no/) ## Product Internal storage - [500 MB up to 16 million datapoints](https://www.palmsens.com/internal-storage/500mb/) - [4000 datapoints](https://www.palmsens.com/internal-storage/4000-datapoints/) - [\-](https://www.palmsens.com/internal-storage/827/) - [4000 datapoints \(extendable to 500 MB or SD card up to 8 GB\)](https://www.palmsens.com/internal-storage/4000-datapoints-extendable-to-500-mb/) - [16 GB](https://www.palmsens.com/internal-storage/16-gb/) ## Product IR\-compensation - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/ir-compensation/no/) - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/ir-compensation/yes/) ## Product Kit - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/kit/yes/) ## Product Kit options - [Starter Kit](https://www.palmsens.com/kit-options/starter-kit/) - [Development Kit](https://www.palmsens.com/kit-options/development-kit/) - [Module only](https://www.palmsens.com/kit-options/module-only/) - [Classical Electrode](https://www.palmsens.com/kit-options/classical-electrode/) - [Screen Printed Electrodes](https://www.palmsens.com/kit-options/screen-printed-electrodes/) ## Product Label - [Channel 1 to 4](https://www.palmsens.com/label/channel-1-to-4/) - [Channel 5 to 8](https://www.palmsens.com/label/channel-5-to-8/) - [Channel 9 to 12](https://www.palmsens.com/label/channel-9-to-12/) - [Channel 13 to 16](https://www.palmsens.com/label/channel-13-to-16/) ## Product Length / mm - [80](https://www.palmsens.com/length-mm/80/) - [60](https://www.palmsens.com/length-mm/60/) - [70](https://www.palmsens.com/length-mm/70/) - [57](https://www.palmsens.com/length-mm/57/) - [78](https://www.palmsens.com/length-mm/78/) ## Product Material - [Glass](https://www.palmsens.com/material/glass/) - [PTFE](https://www.palmsens.com/material/ptfe/) - [PEEK](https://www.palmsens.com/material/peek/) - [Plastic](https://www.palmsens.com/material/plastic/) - [Galvanized metal](https://www.palmsens.com/material/galvanized-metal/) ## Product Maximum current - [±3 mA](https://www.palmsens.com/max-current/3ma/) - [±30 mA](https://www.palmsens.com/max-current/30ma/) - [±30 mA or ±200 mA](https://www.palmsens.com/max-current/%c2%b130-ma-or-%c2%b1200-ma/) - [±20 mA or ±100 mA](https://www.palmsens.com/max-current/20or100ma/) - [±20 mA](https://www.palmsens.com/max-current/%c2%b120-ma/) ## Product EIS - [No EIS](https://www.palmsens.com/max-frequency/no-eis/) - [up to 200 kHz](https://www.palmsens.com/max-frequency/200khz/) - [up to 1 MHz](https://www.palmsens.com/max-frequency/1-mhz/) - [up to 100 kHz](https://www.palmsens.com/max-frequency/100-khz/) ## Product Maximum scan rate - [500 V/s with 100 mV step](https://www.palmsens.com/max-scan-rate/500-v-s-with-100-mv-step/) - [\-](https://www.palmsens.com/max-scan-rate/822/) - [5 V/s with 5 mV step](https://www.palmsens.com/max-scan-rate/5v-s/) - [500 V/s with 10 mV step](https://www.palmsens.com/max-scan-rate/500v-s/) ## Product Measured current resolution - [0\.009% of current range \(92 fA on 1 nA range\)](https://www.palmsens.com/measured-current-resolution/0-009-of-current-range-92-fa-on-1-na-range/) - [0\.006% of current range \(5\.5 pA on 100 nA range\)](https://www.palmsens.com/measured-current-resolution/5pa/) - [0\.1% of current range](https://www.palmsens.com/measured-current-resolution/one-tenth-percentage-current-range/) - [0\.006% of current range \(5 fA on 100 pA range\)](https://www.palmsens.com/measured-current-resolution/5fa/) - [0\.0038 % of current range \(3\.8 fA on 100 pA range\)](https://www.palmsens.com/measured-current-resolution/0-0038-of-current-range-3-8-fa-on-100-pa-range/) ## Product Measured dc\-potential resolution - [96 µV \(gain 1\), 48 µV \(gain 2\), 19\.2 µV \(gain 5\), 9\.6 µV \(gain 10\), 4\.8 µV \(gain 20\)](https://www.palmsens.com/measured-dc-pot-res/96-%c2%b5v-gain-1-48-%c2%b5v-gain-2-19-2-%c2%b5v-gain-5-9-6-%c2%b5v-gain-10-4-8-%c2%b5v-gain-20/) - [56µV](https://www.palmsens.com/measured-dc-pot-res/56uv/) - [193 µV \(gain 1\), 96\.5 µV \(gain 2\), 38\.5 µV \(gain 5\), 19\.3 µV \(gain 10\), 9\.65 µV \(gain 20\)](https://www.palmsens.com/measured-dc-pot-res/193-%c2%b5v-gain-1-96-5-%c2%b5v-gain-2-38-5-%c2%b5v-gain-5-19-3-%c2%b5v-gain-10-9-65-%c2%b5v-gain-20/) - [100 µV or 125µV](https://www.palmsens.com/measured-dc-pot-res/100-or-125uv/) - [75 μV at ±10 V, 7\.5 μV at ±1 V, 0\.75 μV at ±0\.1 V](https://www.palmsens.com/measured-dc-pot-res/75uv/) ## Product Middle stopper - [Plain stopper](https://www.palmsens.com/middle-stopper/plain-stopper/) - [\-](https://www.palmsens.com/middle-stopper/1113/) ## Product Mounting - [19" rack\-ready with brackets](https://www.palmsens.com/mounting/19-rack-ready-with-brackets/) - [Desktop version with feet](https://www.palmsens.com/mounting/desktop-version-with-feet/) ## Product Nr interdigitated pairs - [90](https://www.palmsens.com/nr-interdigitated-pairs/90/) - [120](https://www.palmsens.com/nr-interdigitated-pairs/120/) - [180](https://www.palmsens.com/nr-interdigitated-pairs/180/) - [15](https://www.palmsens.com/nr-interdigitated-pairs/15/) - [20](https://www.palmsens.com/nr-interdigitated-pairs/20/) ## Product Number of add\-ons - [1](https://www.palmsens.com/number-of-add-ons/1/) ## Product Operation temperature - [\-10ºC to \+50ºC](https://www.palmsens.com/operation-temperature/10oc-to-50oc/) ## Product Outer diameter - [6,35 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/outer-diameter/635-mm/) - [4 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/outer-diameter/4-mm/) - [6 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/outer-diameter/6-mm/) - [11 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/outer-diameter/11-mm/) - [9 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/outer-diameter/9-mm/) ## Product Pinhole diameter - [2 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/pinhole-diameter/2-mm/) ## Product Possible analytes - [naphthol, dopamine, metals, para\-aminophenol, arsenic, metal complexes](https://www.palmsens.com/possible-analytes/naphthol-dopamine-metals-para-aminophenol-arsenic-metal-complexes/) - [naphthol, dopamine, metals, para\-aminophenol, metal complexes, other redox active species](https://www.palmsens.com/possible-analytes/naphthol-dopamine-metals-para-aminophenol-metal-complexes-other-redox-active-species/) - [Various](https://www.palmsens.com/possible-analytes/various/) - [Glucose](https://www.palmsens.com/possible-analytes/glucose/) - [Pesticides, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors](https://www.palmsens.com/possible-analytes/pesticides-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors/) ## Product Possible applications - [Electrolysis, Modification with biomolecules, aryl layers \(diazonium chemistry\) or similar, Detection of redox active species](https://www.palmsens.com/possible-applications/electrolysis-modification-with-biomolecules-aryl-layers-diazonium-chemistry-or-similar-detection-of-redox-active-species/) - [Various](https://www.palmsens.com/possible-applications/various/) - [Electrolysis, Modification with biomolecules \(e\.g\. immunosensor, DNA\), self\-assembled monolayers \(thiol on gold\) or similar, Detection of redox active species](https://www.palmsens.com/possible-applications/electrolysis-modification-with-biomolecules-e-g-immunosensor-dna-self-assembled-monolayers-thiol-on-gold-or-similar-detection-of-redox-active-species/) - [Electrolysis, Modification with biomolecules, Electrodeposition, Detection of redox active species](https://www.palmsens.com/possible-applications/electrolysis-modification-with-biomolecules-electrodeposition-detection-of-redox-active-species/) - [Sensors Biosensors Immunosensors](https://www.palmsens.com/possible-applications/sensors-biosensors-immunosensors/) ## Product Dc\-potential range - [\-1\.7 to \+2 V](https://www.palmsens.com/potential-range/2v/) - [±3 V or ±4 V](https://www.palmsens.com/potential-range/3or4v/) - [±3 V or ±6 V](https://www.palmsens.com/potential-range/%c2%b13-v-or-%c2%b16-v/) - [±3 V](https://www.palmsens.com/potential-range/%c2%b13-v/) - [±10 V](https://www.palmsens.com/potential-range/10-v/) ## Product Potentiostat included - [PalmSens4](https://www.palmsens.com/potentiostat-included/palmsens4/) - [EmStat4X LR](https://www.palmsens.com/potentiostat-included/emstat4x-lr/) - [EmStat4X HR](https://www.palmsens.com/potentiostat-included/emstat4x-hr/) - [Nexus](https://www.palmsens.com/potentiostat-included/nexus/) - [None](https://www.palmsens.com/potentiostat-included/none/) ## Product Power requirements - [USB](https://www.palmsens.com/power/usb/) - [Internal Battery](https://www.palmsens.com/power/battery/) - [AC adapter \(included\) / 100\-250 VAC / 50\-60 Hz / \< 1A](https://www.palmsens.com/power/external-adapter/) - [100\-240 V, 9 W, 50\-60 Hz](https://www.palmsens.com/power/100-240-v-9-w-50-60-hz/) ## Product Precut - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/precut/yes/) - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/precut/no/) ## Product Quantity - [1 unit](https://www.palmsens.com/quantity/1-unit/) - [3 pack](https://www.palmsens.com/quantity/3-pack/) - [5 pack](https://www.palmsens.com/quantity/5-pack/) ## Product RE material - [Silver](https://www.palmsens.com/re-material/silver/) - [Silver and Silver Chloride Mixed](https://www.palmsens.com/re-material/silver-and-silver-chloride/) - [Gold](https://www.palmsens.com/re-material/gold/) - [Silver covered with Silver Chloride](https://www.palmsens.com/re-material/silver-covered-with-silver-chloride/) - [Platinum](https://www.palmsens.com/re-material/platinum/) ## Product Sample size - [10 mm x 10 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/sample-size/10-mm-x-10-mm/) - [5 mm x 5 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/sample-size/5-mm-x-5-mm/) - [7 mm x 7 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/sample-size/7-mm-x-7-mm/) - [15 mm x 15 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/sample-size/15-mm-x-15-mm/) - [25 mm x 25 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/sample-size/25-mm-x-25-mm/) ## Product Sensit BT version - [SPE \(2x SPE connector\)](https://www.palmsens.com/sensit-bt-versions/spe/) - [SNS \(40 cm cable with 2mm banana\)](https://www.palmsens.com/sensit-bt-versions/sns/) - [Custom SPE connector](https://www.palmsens.com/sensit-bt-versions/custom-spe-connector/) ## Product Sensor connector - [SPE port \(3\-pin\)](https://www.palmsens.com/sensor-connector/spe/) - [Micrux ID port](https://www.palmsens.com/sensor-connector/micrux-id-port/) - [Micrux SPE port \(4\-pin\)](https://www.palmsens.com/sensor-connector/micrux-spe-port/) - [5 pin LEMO](https://www.palmsens.com/sensor-connector/5pin-lemo/) - [4 pin LEMO](https://www.palmsens.com/sensor-connector/4pin-lemo/) ## Product Sensor type - [Screen\-printed](https://www.palmsens.com/sensor-type/screen-printed/) - [Thin\-film](https://www.palmsens.com/sensor-type/thin-film/) - [Lithographically](https://www.palmsens.com/sensor-type/lithographically/) - [Wearable](https://www.palmsens.com/sensor-type/wearable/) - [Chemical Vapor Deposition](https://www.palmsens.com/sensor-type/chemical-vapor-deposition/) ## Product Sensors per reel - [100](https://www.palmsens.com/sensors-per-reel/100/) - [500](https://www.palmsens.com/sensors-per-reel/500/) ## Product Service - [Let PalmSens replace my battery](https://www.palmsens.com/service/let-palmsens-replace-my-battery/) - [I want to replace the battery myself](https://www.palmsens.com/service/i-want-to-replace-the-battery-myself/) ## Product Sheet/mesh dimensions - [10 \* 10 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/sheet-mesh-dimensions/10-10-mm/) - [10 \* 15 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/sheet-mesh-dimensions/10-15mm/) - [10 \* 20 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/sheet-mesh-dimensions/10-20/) - [15 \* 15 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/sheet-mesh-dimensions/15-15/) - [20 \* 20 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/sheet-mesh-dimensions/20-20-mm/) ## Product Shelf life - [1 year](https://www.palmsens.com/shelf-life/1-year/) ## Product Side stopper - [Plain stopper](https://www.palmsens.com/side-stopper/plain-stopper/) - [Stopper for bubbling](https://www.palmsens.com/side-stopper/stopper-for-bubbling/) - [Stopper with tubing](https://www.palmsens.com/side-stopper/stopper-with-tubing/) - [\-](https://www.palmsens.com/side-stopper/1112/) ## Product Software development kit - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/software-development-kit/yes/) ## Product Spectrometer - [None](https://www.palmsens.com/spectrometer/none/) - [Avantes VARIUS 2K](https://www.palmsens.com/spectrometer/avantes-varius-2k/) - [Avantes ULS 2K](https://www.palmsens.com/spectrometer/avantes-uls-2k/) ## Product Suitable electrodes - [Micrux Technologies \(all standard designs\)](https://www.palmsens.com/suitable-electrodes/micrux-technologies-all-designs/) - [BVT AC1 design](https://www.palmsens.com/suitable-electrodes/bvt-ac1-design/) - [BST \(all designs\)](https://www.palmsens.com/suitable-electrodes/bst-all-designs/) - [BVT AC9 design](https://www.palmsens.com/suitable-electrodes/bvt-ac9-design/) - [Gwent GG1, GG2 and GG4 design](https://www.palmsens.com/suitable-electrodes/gwent-gg1-gg2-and-gg4-design/) ## Product Support dimensions / mm - [7 by 25](https://www.palmsens.com/support-dimensions-mm/7-by-25/) - [10 by 6](https://www.palmsens.com/support-dimensions-mm/10-by-6/) - [10\.1 by 27\.5](https://www.palmsens.com/support-dimensions-mm/10-1-by-27-5/) - [10 by 35](https://www.palmsens.com/support-dimensions-mm/10-by-35/) - [10 by 33](https://www.palmsens.com/support-dimensions-mm/10-by-33/) ## Product Support material - [Alumina Ceramic](https://www.palmsens.com/support-material/alumina-ceramic/) - [Polyester](https://www.palmsens.com/support-material/polyester/) - [Glass](https://www.palmsens.com/support-material/glass/) - [White PET](https://www.palmsens.com/support-material/white-pet/) - [Valox FR1](https://www.palmsens.com/support-material/valox-fr1/) ## Product Supports MethodSCRIPT - [Yes](https://www.palmsens.com/supports-methodscript/yes/) - [No](https://www.palmsens.com/supports-methodscript/no/) ## Product Surface modification - [Blank](https://www.palmsens.com/surface-modification/blank/) - [Glucose Oxidase](https://www.palmsens.com/surface-modification/glucose-oxidase/) - [Prussian Blue](https://www.palmsens.com/surface-modification/prussian-blue/) - [Acetyl Cholinesterase](https://www.palmsens.com/surface-modification/acetyl-cholinesterase/) - [Mercury salt](https://www.palmsens.com/surface-modification/mercury-salt/) ## Product Thickness - [0\.7 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/thickness/0-7-mm/) - [0\.2 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/thickness/0-2-mm/) - [0\.3 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/thickness/0-3-mm/) - [0\.4 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/thickness/0-4-mm/) - [0\.1 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/thickness/0-1-mm/) ## Product Version - [EmStat3](https://www.palmsens.com/version/emstat3/) - [EmStat4M Low Range](https://www.palmsens.com/version/emstat4m-low-range/) - [EmStat3\+](https://www.palmsens.com/version/emstat3-2/) - [EmStat4S Low Range](https://www.palmsens.com/version/lr/) - [EmStat4M High Range](https://www.palmsens.com/version/emstat4m-high-range/) ## Product WE/CE material - [Carbon \- high performance](https://www.palmsens.com/we-ce-material/high-performance/) - [Carbon \- low cost](https://www.palmsens.com/we-ce-material/low-cost/) - [Gold](https://www.palmsens.com/we-ce-material/gold/) - [Graphene](https://www.palmsens.com/we-ce-material/graphene/) - [Carbon](https://www.palmsens.com/we-ce-material/carbon/) ## Product WE diameter - [4 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/we-diameter/4/) - [1 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/we-diameter/1/) - [3 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/we-diameter/3/) - [2 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/we-diameter/2/) - [5 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/we-diameter/5/) ## Product WE geometric area - [3\.14 mm²](https://www.palmsens.com/we-geometric-area/3-14-mm%c2%b2/) - [7\.07 mm²](https://www.palmsens.com/we-geometric-area/7-07-mm%c2%b2/) - [0\.79 mm²](https://www.palmsens.com/we-geometric-area/0-79-mm%c2%b2/) - [12\.57 mm²](https://www.palmsens.com/we-geometric-area/12-57-mm%c2%b2/) - [12\.56 mm²](https://www.palmsens.com/we-geometric-area/12-56-mm%c2%b2/) ## Product WE material - [Carbon](https://www.palmsens.com/we-material/carbon/) - [Gold](https://www.palmsens.com/we-material/gold/) - [Platinum](https://www.palmsens.com/we-material/platinum/) - [Silver](https://www.palmsens.com/we-material/silver/) - [Platinum Gold Alloy](https://www.palmsens.com/we-material/platinum-gold-alloy/) ## Product WE size - [1 mm \(default\)](https://www.palmsens.com/we-size/1-mm-default/) - [2 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/we-size/2-mm/) - [4 mm](https://www.palmsens.com/we-size/4-mm/)