# LIJDLR > India’s Most Indexed Legal Journal in Global Databases > Generated by All in One SEO Pro v5.0.3, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://lijdlr.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [AI AS AN “ACCUSED”: CAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HAVE CRIMINAL LIABILITY?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/22/ai-as-an-accused-can-artificial-intelligence-have-criminal-liability/): AI AS AN “ACCUSED”: CAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HAVE CRIMINAL LIABILITY? Gagan Sankhla, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), 4th Year, University Institute of Legal Studies, Chandigarh University (India) Kanan Yadav, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), 4th Year, University Institute of Legal Studies, Chandigarh University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.369 Artificial intelligence has reshaped contemporary society by assuming cognitive functions that were Artificial intelligence has reshaped contemporary society by assuming cognitive functions that were once performed by human beings alone. As these systems become increasingly autonomous in healthcare, transport, finance and law enforcement, questions of accountability for the harm they occasion have grown more pressing. - [ENHANCING VICTIM PROTECTION THROUGH THE CRIMINALIZATION OF RAPE IN VIETNAMESE LAW AND SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/22/enhancing-victim-protection-through-the-criminalization-of-rape-in-vietnamese-law-and-selected-asean-countries/): ENHANCING VICTIM PROTECTION THROUGH THE CRIMINALIZATION OF RAPE IN VIETNAMESE LAW AND SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES Nguyen Thi Binh, PhD, Head of Academic Affairs for the Undergraduate Program, University of Law, Hue University, Hue City, Viet Nam Bui Thi Thuan Anh, PhD, University of Law, Hue University, Hue City, Viet Nam Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.368 Sexual violence Sexual violence presents a continuing challenge for criminal justice systems because the quality of victim protection depends not only on the severity of criminal penalties, but also on how the offence is defined, how consent is assessed, how evidence is collected, how victims are treated throughout proceedings, and whether effective recovery and compensation mechanisms exist. - [VICARIOUS LIABILITY IN THE MODERN WORKPLACE: EMPLOYERS, EMPLOYEES AND INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/22/vicarious-liability-in-the-modern-workplace-employers-employees-and-independent-contractors/): VICARIOUS LIABILITY IN THE MODERN WORKPLACE: EMPLOYERS, EMPLOYEES AND INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS Parul Raj, 5th Semester Student Pursuing B.A.LLB (H) Course at Amity Law School, Amity University Jharkhand (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.367 Vicarious liability, a doctrine rooted in the Latin maxim respondeat superior, holds one party liable for the wrongful acts of another. This study asks Vicarious liability, a doctrine rooted in the Latin maxim respondeat superior, holds one party liable for the wrongful acts of another. This study asks how far a doctrine built for master–servant relations can be applied to employers, employees and independent contractors in the modern workplace, and whether Indian law gives a coherent answer to that question. - [SAME-SEX MARRIAGE AND THE LIMITS OF JUDICIAL POWER IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/19/same-sex-marriage-and-the-limits-of-judicial-power-in-india/): SAME-SEX MARRIAGE AND THE LIMITS OF JUDICIAL POWER IN INDIA Vanshika Agrawal, 7th semester pursuing B.A.L.LB court at Lucknow University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.366 The Constitution Bench decision in Supriyo @ Supriya Chakraborty v Union of India (2023) marks the point at which the Supreme Court’s LGBTQ+ jurisprudence met the limits of judicial power. Five The Constitution Bench decision in Supriyo @ Supriya Chakraborty v Union of India (2023) marks the point at which the Supreme Court’s LGBTQ+ jurisprudence met the limits of judicial power. Five years after decriminalising consensual same-sex relations in Navtej Singh Johar v Union of India (2018), the Court declined to extend the Special Marriage Act, 1954 to same-sex couples. - [SHOULD MEDIATION BE MANDATORY BEFORE CIVIL LITIGATION TO IMPROVE JUDICIAL EFFICIENCY IN PAKISTAN? LESSONS FROM INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/19/should-mediation-be-mandatory-before-civil-litigation-to-improve-judicial-efficiency-in-pakistan-lessons-from-international-practice/): SHOULD MEDIATION BE MANDATORY BEFORE CIVIL LITIGATION TO IMPROVE JUDICIAL EFFICIENCY IN PAKISTAN? LESSONS FROM INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE Aqdas Tariq, LLB-IX Semester Student at Fatima Jinnah women University (Pakistan) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.365 Pakistan’s courts carried 2,371,389 pending cases on 31 December 2024, 1,965,172 of them before the district judiciary, according to the Law and Justice Commission Pakistan’s courts carried 2,371,389 pending cases on 31 December 2024, 1,965,172 of them before the district judiciary, according to the Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan. This paper examines whether mediation should become a mandatory step before civil litigation and, if so, in what form. - [AI-GENERATED WORKS AND COPYRIGHT LAWS: LEGAL CHALLENGES AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/19/ai-generated-works-and-copyright-laws-legal-challenges-and-comparative-perspectives/): AI-GENERATED WORKS AND COPYRIGHT LAWS: LEGAL CHALLENGES AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES Prakash Singh, 4th year Student pursuing B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) at Amity Law School, Amity University, Haryana (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.364 The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed creative expression, enabling non-human systems to generate sophisticated visual arts, literature, music, and software code. This The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed creative expression, enabling non-human systems to generate sophisticated visual arts, literature, music, and software code. This paper examines the legal challenges posed by AI-generated content within the framework of contemporary copyright law, focusing on the fundamental requirement of human authorship. - [CURRENT VIETNAMESE ENTERPRISE LAW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF STAKEHOLDER THEORY: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL FOR INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND PRACTICAL BARRIERS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/18/current-vietnamese-enterprise-law-from-the-perspective-of-stakeholder-theory-an-assessment-of-the-potential-for-institutionalization-and-practical-barriers/): CURRENT VIETNAMESE ENTERPRISE LAW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF STAKEHOLDER THEORY: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL FOR INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND PRACTICAL BARRIERS Ngoc Sang Nguyen, Faculty of Law, Binh Duong University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.363 In the context of modern corporate governance, which increasingly requires companies to consider the interests of employees, customers, In the context of modern corporate governance, which increasingly requires companies to consider the interests of employees, customers, creditors, communities, and the environment alongside those of shareholders, stakeholder theory has emerged as an important theoretical foundation for evaluating the evolution of contemporary corporate law. Rather than viewing the corporation solely as an instrument for maximizing shareholder value, stakeholder theory emphasizes that corporate activities generate significant economic, social, and environmental impacts on a broader range of constituencies whose legitimate interests should be taken into account in corporate decision-making. - [MANUAL SCAVENGING IN INDIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EMPLOYMENT OF MANUAL SCAVENGERS AND CONSTRUCTION OF DRY LATRINES (PROHIBITION) ACT, 1993 AND THE PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT AS MANUAL SCAVENGERS AND THEIR REHABILITATION ACT, 2013](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/18/manual-scavenging-in-india-a-comparative-study-of-the-employment-of-manual-scavengers-and-construction-of-dry-latrines-prohibition-act-1993-and-the-prohibition-of-employment-as-manual-scavengers-a/): MANUAL SCAVENGING IN INDIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EMPLOYMENT OF MANUAL SCAVENGERS AND CONSTRUCTION OF DRY LATRINES (PROHIBITION) ACT, 1993 AND THE PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT AS MANUAL SCAVENGERS AND THEIR REHABILITATION ACT, 2013 Arunraj.D, II Year -LLM (Human Rights) & Advocate (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.362 Manual scavenging in India remains deeply entrenched in caste-based Manual scavenging in India remains deeply entrenched in caste-based hierarchy and social exclusion, with those engaged in this occupation overwhelmingly drawn from historically marginalised communities. An overwhelming majority of manual scavengers belong to Dalit communities, so caste continues to determine who performs India's most hazardous and dehumanising labour. - [CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF DIGITAL PRIVACY AND DATA PROTECTION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/12/changing-landscape-of-digital-privacy-and-data-protection-in-india/): CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF DIGITAL PRIVACY AND DATA PROTECTION IN INDIA Shubham Kumar Singh, B.A.LL.B /2023-2028/7th Semester Student (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.361 Digital technology now mediates communication, work, education, commerce, payments and public services, and almost every such activity generates personal data. Individually these fragments appear ordinary, but their aggregation permits detailed profiling, which has turned Digital technology now mediates communication, work, education, commerce, payments and public services, and almost every such activity generates personal data. Individually these fragments appear ordinary, but their aggregation permits detailed profiling, which has turned digital privacy from a question of unauthorised access into one of lawful collection, purpose limitation, retention, automated inference and State access. - [CASE ANALYSIS ON STATE OF TAMIL NADU v. GOVERNOR OF TAMIL NADU & ANR](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/12/case-analysis-on-state-of-tamil-nadu-v-governor-of-tamil-nadu-anr/): CASE ANALYSIS ON STATE OF TAMIL NADU v. GOVERNOR OF TAMIL NADU & ANR Panbarasi. K, LL.M (IPR Law), 3rd Semester, Student at Government Law College Thiruchirappalli, affiliated with Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Selvaprasad. T, LL.M (IPR Law), 3rd Semester, Student at Government Law College Thiruchirappalli, affiliated with Tamil Nadu Dr. The judgment of the Supreme Court of India in State of Tamil Nadu v. Governor of Tamil Nadu & Anr. is a defining pronouncement on the powers of a Governor under Article 200 of the Constitution of India, and the decision of 8 April 2025 must now be read with the advisory opinion of the Constitution Bench in In re: Assent, Withholding or Reservation of Bills by the Governor and the President of India, delivered on 20 November 2025. - [THE ADMINISTRATIVE LEVIATHAN: DECONSTRUCTING THE CONSTITUTIONAL FAULT LINES OF INDIA'S ALGORITHMIC AND COERCIVE DIRECT TAX REGIME](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/09/the-administrative-leviathan-deconstructing-the-constitutional-fault-lines-of-indias-algorithmic-and-coercive-direct-tax-regime/): THE ADMINISTRATIVE LEVIATHAN: DECONSTRUCTING THE CONSTITUTIONAL FAULT LINES OF INDIA'S ALGORITHMIC AND COERCIVE DIRECT TAX REGIME Indrakshi Saha, 3rd year student at Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar School of Law, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University (RTMNU), Nagpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.359 India’s direct tax administration has, within a few years, acquired three capabilities that were individually unremarkable India’s direct tax administration has, within a few years, acquired three capabilities that were individually unremarkable but are jointly formidable: algorithmic selection of cases for reassessment (sections 273 and 281 of the Income-tax Act 2025, formerly sections 144B and 148A of the Income-tax Act 1961), forensic access to the digital lives of taxpayers during search (section 247, formerly section 132), and pre-adjudicatory attachment of bank accounts and other property (section 500, formerly section 281B). - [PRE-LITIGATION MEDIATION IN INDIA: ACCESS TO JUSTICE OR AN ADDITIONAL PROCEDURAL BARRIER?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/09/pre-litigation-mediation-in-india-access-to-justice-or-an-additional-procedural-barrier/): PRE-LITIGATION MEDIATION IN INDIA: ACCESS TO JUSTICE OR AN ADDITIONAL PROCEDURAL BARRIER? Rishita Kumre, 5th year B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Vanshika Sharma, 5th year B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.) [Cyber Security] Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.358 India has spent two decades trying to move India has spent two decades trying to move disputes out of overloaded courts and into consensual processes. That effort has gone through three phases. Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 introduced court-annexed referral to alternative dispute resolution. Section 12A of the Commercial Courts Act 2015 then made pre-institution mediation a precondition to filing most commercial suits. - [GREEN AGREEMENTS VS. CARTEL PROHIBITION: NAVIGATING THE INTERSECTION OF SUSTAINABILITY GOALS AND COMPETITION POLICY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/09/green-agreements-vs-cartel-prohibition-navigating-the-intersection-of-sustainability-goals-and-competition-policy/): GREEN AGREEMENTS VS. CARTEL PROHIBITION: NAVIGATING THE INTERSECTION OF SUSTAINABILITY GOALS AND COMPETITION POLICY Harsh Vardhan Singh, B.A.LLB (Hons.)/4th Year Student at National Law Institute University (NLIU), Bhopal (India) Shreay Agarwal, B.A.LLB (Hons.)/4th Year Student at National Law Institute University (NLIU), Bhopal (India) Kriti Sharma, Bsc.LLB (Hons.)/4th Year Student at National Law Institute University (NLIU), Climate change is a collective action problem that individual firms cannot solve alone, yet the most natural corporate responses, such as jointly phasing out polluting inputs or adopting common sustainability standards, resemble the output restrictions and horizontal agreements that competition law forbids. This paper examines that tension, which it calls the ‘green paradox’: the risk that rigorous cartel enforcement suppresses the private climate action that public policy seeks to encourage. - [FACIAL RECOGNITION, PROTEST ATTENDANCE AND INFERRED POLITICAL AFFILIATION: INFORMATIONAL PRIVACY AND STATE SURVEILLANCE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/08/facial-recognition-protest-attendance-and-inferred-political-affiliation-informational-privacy-and-state-surveillance-in-india/): FACIAL RECOGNITION, PROTEST ATTENDANCE AND INFERRED POLITICAL AFFILIATION: INFORMATIONAL PRIVACY AND STATE SURVEILLANCE IN INDIA Aditi Raikwar, 5th year B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.) [Cyber Security] Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Rishita Kumre, 5th year B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) [Cyber Security] Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Vanshika Sharma, 5th year B.Sc. LL.B. Facial recognition has moved in India from pilot projects to routine policing without a statute that says when, against whom, and for what purpose a face may be scanned. This paper examines what that gap means when the face belongs to a person attending a political protest. Attendance at a demonstration is a public act, but the record of who attended, kept by the State and matched against police databases, becomes a durable data set from which political affiliation can be inferred, whether or not the police intend to infer it. - [CAN A CERTIFICATE DECIDE THE TRUTH? SECTION 65-B AND THE FUTURE OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE AFTER POORANMAL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/08/can-a-certificate-decide-the-truth-section-65-b-and-the-future-of-electronic-evidence-after-pooranmal/): CAN A CERTIFICATE DECIDE THE TRUTH? SECTION 65-B AND THE FUTURE OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE AFTER POORANMAL Aditi Raikwar, 5th year B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.) [Cyber Security] Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Himanshu Kamlesh Mishra, 5th year B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.) [Cyber Security] Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Harsh Chawla, 5th year Indian courts have spent more than a decade insisting that a printed call record, a chat export or a video file is not evidence until a certificate says it is. The rule, traced to Section 65-B of the Indian Evidence Act 1872 and now carried into Section 63 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023, was restated by the Supreme Court in Pooranmal v State of Rajasthan in March 2026. - [RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAW AND MORALITY: A CRITICAL STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE THEORY OF H.L.A. HART](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/08/relationship-between-law-and-morality-a-critical-study-with-special-reference-to-the-theory-of-h-l-a-hart/): RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAW AND MORALITY: A CRITICAL STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE THEORY OF H.L.A. HART Mahalakshmi B, Third year student B. ALLB, KMC College of Law, Tiruppur, Affilitated with The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Tamil Nadu (India) Vedhika M, Third year student B. ALLB, KMC College of Law, Tiruppur, Affilitated with This research paper critically examines the relationship between law and morality with special reference to H.L.A. Hart’s positivist theory. The study focuses on Hart’s separation thesis, according to which the existence and validity of law are conceptually distinct from the moral merit of law. It explains Hart’s distinction between primary and secondary rules, the rule of recognition, the internal point of view, and his minimum content of natural law. The paper then considers Lon Fuller’s response, particularly the inner morality of law and the eight principles of legality, and applies the Hart-Fuller debate to the German ‘Grudge Informer’ case arising from the Nazi period. - [THE DECENTRALISATION PARADOX: COLONIAL LEGACIES AND DECOLONISING THE ADMINISTRATIVE MACHINERY IN POST-COLONIAL GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/08/the-decentralisation-paradox-colonial-legacies-and-decolonising-the-administrative-machinery-in-post-colonial-governance/): THE DECENTRALISATION PARADOX: COLONIAL LEGACIES AND DECOLONISING THE ADMINISTRATIVE MACHINERY IN POST-COLONIAL GOVERNANCE Anurag Nair, B.A.LL.B/5th year/Sem.IX Student at ILNU, Nirma University (India) Saurav, B.A.LL.B/ 5th Year/Sem.IX Student at ILNU, Nirma University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.353 This study examines why grassroots participation in democracy within post-colonial nations remains unfulfilled, arguing that although the sovereign state This study examines why grassroots participation in democracy within post-colonial nations remains unfulfilled, arguing that although the sovereign state displaced colonial rule, it did little to alter the internal state machinery and the administrative framework it inherited. The paper combines Mahmood Mamdani's bifurcation of the state with the institutional path-dependence models of Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson, in order to demonstrate how colonial institutions, created as instruments of resource extraction and social control, continue to constrain local autonomy. - [GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COPYRIGHT LAW: CHALLENGES IN DETERMINING AUTHORSHIP AND OWNERSHIP](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/07/generative-artificial-intelligence-and-copyright-law-challenges-in-determining-authorship-and-ownership/): GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COPYRIGHT LAW: CHALLENGES IN DETERMINING AUTHORSHIP AND OWNERSHIP Joylin Jacob Y, Research scholar in Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research at school of law/ Assistant Professor in St. Joseph University, School of Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.352 Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) has transformed the creation of literary, artistic, musical, Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) has transformed the creation of literary, artistic, musical, dramatic and audiovisual works. Unlike conventional computer-assisted creativity, Generative AI systems independently produce sophisticated outputs after processing vast datasets and responding to human prompts. This development challenges copyright law at its foundation, because traditional regimes are constructed around a human author, originality, ownership and exclusive rights. - [AI IN LEGAL EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND THE NEED FOR REFORM IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/04/ai-in-legal-education-opportunities-challenges-and-the-need-for-reform-in-india/): AI IN LEGAL EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND THE NEED FOR REFORM IN INDIA Rriddhi Parasher, 6th semester BBA LLB(H) at Amity University, Noida Law student at Amity University, Noida(India) Rimjhim Trivedi, 6th semester BBA LLB(H) at Amity University, Noida Law student at Amity University, Noida(India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.08 In today’s law classrooms, Artificial Intelligence (AI) In today’s law classrooms, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a vital mentor, gradually shifting legal education from traditional lecture-based teaching towards more adaptable and student-driven methods. AI tools provide personalised learning paths, instant feedback and immersive simulations that enable students to engage more deeply with legal concepts. - [DECONSTRUCTING THE CARCERAL STATE: EVALUATING RESTORATIVE AND CORRECTIVE JUSTICE MECHANISMS IN THE LEGAL FRAMEWORKS OF INDIA AND LIBERIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/04/deconstructing-the-carceral-state-evaluating-restorative-and-corrective-justice-mechanisms-in-the-legal-frameworks-of-india-and-liberia/): DECONSTRUCTING THE CARCERAL STATE: EVALUATING RESTORATIVE AND CORRECTIVE JUSTICE MECHANISMS IN THE LEGAL FRAMEWORKS OF INDIA AND LIBERIA Sam Siryon, Law Student, School of Legal Studies, Apeejay Stya University – Gurgaon (India) Dr. Manju Rani, Assistant Professor, School of Behavioral Sciences, Apeejay Stya University – Gurgaon (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.351 Modern criminal justice systems face Modern criminal justice systems face severe criticism for perpetuating structural inequality, protecting the wealthy, and controlling surplus labor, Gilmore, Ruth Wilson (2007). By criminalizing poverty and minor offenses, these systems create a permanent underclass that feeds the private prison industry and provides cheap inmate labor. Prison abolitionists argue that carceral systems cannot be truly reformed because they are inherently rooted in brutality, control, and historic frameworks of racial and economic oppression, Davis, Angela Y. (2003). - [THE LAW WE FEAR, THE LAW WE BELIEVE: WHAT REALLY CONTROLS US?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/04/the-law-we-fear-the-law-we-believe-what-really-controls-us/): THE LAW WE FEAR, THE LAW WE BELIEVE: WHAT REALLY CONTROLS US? Mahalakshmi B, Third Year student B.A.LL.B., KMC College of Law, Tirupur, Affiliated with The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Tamil Nadu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.350 The question of why people should obey the law remains one of the central and continuing problems The question of why people should obey the law remains one of the central and continuing problems in jurisprudence and political philosophy. Obedience raises not only the question whether a rule is legally valid, but also whether citizens owe a moral duty to follow it. This paper examines why people obey law by separating legal validity from moral obligation. The paper discusses the major theories that have attempted to explain why people obey the law, including natural law, social contract theory, utilitarianism and legal positivism. - [COURT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND CASE DISPOSAL MECHANISMS IN INDIA: ROLE OF MEDIATION AND NATIONAL LOK ADALATS IN EXPEDITING JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/04/court-performance-management-and-case-disposal-mechanisms-in-india-role-of-mediation-and-national-lok-adalats-in-expediting-justice/): COURT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND CASE DISPOSAL MECHANISMS IN INDIA: ROLE OF MEDIATION AND NATIONAL LOK ADALATS IN EXPEDITING JUSTICE Ela Agarwal, Research Scholar, School of Law and Constitutional Studies, Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology, deemed to be University, Meerut (India) Dr. Kuldeep Kumar, Professor, School of Law and Constitutional Studies, Shobhit Institute of Engineering The Indian judiciary is an integral part of the constitutional structure and plays an extremely important role in the true spirit of the rule of law, the protection of fundamental rights and the settlement of disputes between individuals, institutions and the State. This study examines the role of court performance management and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms, particularly mediation, Pre-Institution Mediation (PIM), and National Lok Adalats, in improving the efficiency of justice delivery in India. - [FUNCTIONALITY VS AESTHETIC APPEAL IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS: A CRITICAL STUDY UNDER THE DESIGNS ACT, 2000](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/27/functionality-vs-aesthetic-appeal-in-industrial-designs-a-critical-study-under-the-designs-act-2000/): FUNCTIONALITY VS AESTHETIC APPEAL IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS: A CRITICAL STUDY UNDER THE DESIGNS ACT, 2000 Devkaran Tanwar, 3rd-Year BBA LL.B. (Hons.) Student at University of Mumbai, Thane Campus (India) Pritimayee, 1st-Year LL.M. Student at Uttar Pradesh State Institute of Forensic Science, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.331 The Designs Act 2000 serves as a specialized legal The Designs Act 2000 serves as a specialized legal framework designed to protect the visual character of industrial products, encouraging innovation in "eye-catching" configurations. However, this creates a legal tension in distinguishing between the functional aspects and the visual appearance of the product. - [MALICIOUS USE OF DEEPFAKES IN INDIA: LEGAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND THE NEED FOR AN EFFECTIVE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/malicious-use-of-deepfakes-in-india-legal-technological-and-socio-economic-challenges-and-the-need-for-an-effective-regulatory-framework/): MALICIOUS USE OF DEEPFAKES IN INDIA: LEGAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND THE NEED FOR AN EFFECTIVE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Adv. Nilam Navanath Pawar, Research Scholar at ABMS Parishad’s Yashwantrao Chavan Law College, Pune, Maharashtra (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.348 The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has transformed the creation, manipulation and dissemination of audio-visual information. The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has transformed the creation, manipulation and dissemination of audio-visual information. Deepfakes, broadly understood as synthetic or manipulated audio, images and videos capable of presenting fabricated persons, statements or events as authentic, have consequently become a significant legal and socio-economic concern. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN INDIA: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/artificial-intelligence-and-access-to-justice-in-india-opportunities-challenges-and-constitutional-safeguards/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN INDIA: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS Abdul Ashik Mubarak Rawoother, Associate Professor at Al-Ameen College of Law, Karnataka (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.347 Access to justice is a fundamental component of the rule of law and requires justice systems to be accessible, affordable, timely, fair and non-discriminatory. Despite the Access to justice is a fundamental component of the rule of law and requires justice systems to be accessible, affordable, timely, fair and non-discriminatory. Despite the existence of formal legal institutions, individuals continue to encounter significant barriers arising from the cost of legal services, procedural complexity, delays, geographical constraints, inadequate legal awareness and limited access to legal assistance. - [PRICED OUT OF PERSONHOOD: HOW DIGITAL MIGRATION REGIMES CONVERT LEGAL RECOGNITION INTO AN ECONOMIC COMMODITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/priced-out-of-personhood-how-digital-migration-regimes-convert-legal-recognition-into-an-economic-commodity/): PRICED OUT OF PERSONHOOD: HOW DIGITAL MIGRATION REGIMES CONVERT LEGAL RECOGNITION INTO AN ECONOMIC COMMODITY Sumithra S, 4th-Year B.A. LL.B. Student at Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.346 Digital migration governance utilises data-driven biometric identification systems to govern mobility, work, and access to public resources. While these systems are touted Digital migration governance utilises data-driven biometric identification systems to govern mobility, work, and access to public resources. While these systems are touted as a method of increasing administrative efficiency, this article contends that these systems serve to facilitate the conversion of migrant legal status into an economic commodity that determines access to economic participation. Legal personhood can no longer be seen as an inherent right, but rather, a condition that is dependent upon data and validated through algorithms. - [CYBERCRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK, ENFORCEMENT GAPS AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/cybercrime-against-women-in-india-a-critical-analysis-of-the-legal-framework-enforcement-gaps-and-access-to-justice/): CYBERCRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK, ENFORCEMENT GAPS AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE Akshita Dixit, 1st-Semester B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) Student at The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.345 The rapid expansion of digital technology has transformed communication, education, employment and social interaction, but it has simultaneously The rapid expansion of digital technology has transformed communication, education, employment and social interaction, but it has simultaneously created new spaces for harassment, exploitation and abuse. Women increasingly encounter cyber offences such as cyberstalking, impersonation, identity theft, online harassment, non-consensual dissemination of intimate material, morphing, cyberbullying and other forms of technology-facilitated abuse. - [S.S. LOTUS (FRANCE V. TURKEY), 1927](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/s-s-lotus-france-v-turkey-1927/): S.S. LOTUS (FRANCE V. TURKEY), 1927 Yashika Sonkuusale, 1st-Year Student at Lovely Professional University, Punjab (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.343 The S.S. Lotus (France v. Turkey) case is one of the landmark judgments in international law, concerning the State sovereignty and the exercise of criminal jurisdiction. The dispute arose after a collision on the high seas between the The S.S. Lotus (France v. Turkey) case is one of the landmark judgments in international law, concerning the State sovereignty and the exercise of criminal jurisdiction. The dispute arose after a collision on the high seas between the French vessel Lotus and the Turkish vessel Boz-Kourt on 2 August 1926. The collision caused the Boz-Kourtto sink and resulted in the deaths of eight Turkish nationals. - [FROM SECTION 80-IAC TO SECTION 140: AN ANALYSIS OF STARTUP TAX HOLIDAYS, ELIGIBILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/from-section-80-iac-to-section-140-an-analysis-of-startup-tax-holidays-eligibility-and-accessibility-in-india/): FROM SECTION 80-IAC TO SECTION 140: AN ANALYSIS OF STARTUP TAX HOLIDAYS, ELIGIBILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY IN INDIA Vasantha Kirubha R, 2nd-Year LL.M. Student at Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu (India) Dr. Sreeja BG, Associate Professor at Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.344 Innovation and technology can exclusively bring a country development worldwide. In order to encourage innovation, the government usually provides a lot of measures like financial support, subsidies, intellectual protection, supporting R&D and tax incentives for those eligible startups that usually involve innovative new ideas that may generate employment and entrepreneurial ecosystems. An existing company or a heavy background company doesn’t need a push, but a startup may. - [WHEN DOES INSOLVENCY LAW NUDGE? A MECHANISM-BASED ACCOUNT OF BEHAVIOURAL DESIGN IN INDIA'S INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/when-does-insolvency-law-nudge-a-mechanism-based-account-of-behavioural-design-in-indias-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code/): WHEN DOES INSOLVENCY LAW NUDGE? A MECHANISM-BASED ACCOUNT OF BEHAVIOURAL DESIGN IN INDIA'S INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE Ayush Verma, 5th-Year B.A. LL.B. Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Atul Wasnik, 5th-Year B.A. LL.B. Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Samyak Raj Nema, 5th-Year B.A. LL.B. Student at National Law Institute University, Scholarship on India's Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (‘IBC’ or ‘the Code’) routinely describes the statute as an exercise in behavioural design, arguing that its architecture ‘nudges’ debtors and creditors toward cooperative, value-preserving conduct. The claim is rarely tested against what nudge theory actually requires. Because almost every legal rule is meant to change conduct, behavioural influence alone cannot separate a genuine nudge, which works by reshaping choice architecture while leaving the underlying menu of options intact, from an ordinary command, an economic incentive, or a reallocation of institutional authority. - [FROM ACCOUNTABILITY TO PUNISHMENT: DIGITAL VIGILANTISM AND INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/from-accountability-to-punishment-digital-vigilantism-and-informal-social-control-in-india/): FROM ACCOUNTABILITY TO PUNISHMENT: DIGITAL VIGILANTISM AND INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL IN INDIA Ananya Mishra, Research Scholar at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.341 Digital platforms have expanded the capacity of citizens to expose perceived wrongdoing, mobilise public attention and demand accountability. At the same time, the same visibility can Digital platforms have expanded the capacity of citizens to expose perceived wrongdoing, mobilise public attention and demand accountability. At the same time, the same visibility can produce forms of informal social control in which public judgement becomes reputational punishment. This article examines the boundary between collective accountability and collective punishment in digitally mediated public life in India. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ALGORITHMIC BIAS IN LEGAL DECISION-MAKING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA, INDIA AND SELECTED JURISDICTIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/artificial-intelligence-and-algorithmic-bias-in-legal-decision-making-a-comparative-analysis-of-nigeria-india-and-selected-jurisdictions/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ALGORITHMIC BIAS IN LEGAL DECISION-MAKING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA, INDIA AND SELECTED JURISDICTIONS Beauty Ilayira, Graduate, Marwadi University, Gujarat (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.340 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most revolutionary technologies of the twenty-first century, with increasingly widespread applications across the legal system, including the administration of justice, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most revolutionary technologies of the twenty-first century, with increasingly widespread applications across the legal system, including the administration of justice, legal research, law enforcement, judicial decision-making, case management, risk assessment, sentencing, bail determination, and more. Although AI promises to enhance efficiency, consistency, and access to justice, its growing use also raises significant legal and ethical dilemmas, notably algorithmic bias. - [REVIVING SECTION 245: ANALYSING THE CLASS ACTION JURISPRUDENCE IN ANKIT JAIN V. JINDAL POLY FILMS LTD.](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/reviving-section-245-analysing-the-class-action-jurisprudence-in-ankit-jain-v-jindal-poly-films-ltd/): REVIVING SECTION 245: ANALYSING THE CLASS ACTION JURISPRUDENCE IN ANKIT JAIN V. JINDAL POLY FILMS LTD. Sahasra Nellore, 7th-Semester BBA LL.B. Student at O.P. Jindal Global University, Haryana (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.339 Section 245 of the Companies Act, 2013 lets shareholders and depositors file class action suits before the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) when Section 245 of the Companies Act, 2013 lets shareholders and depositors file class action suits before the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) when a company's management acts against their interests. It was introduced after the Satyam scam, based on a recommendation by the J.J. Irani Committee, to give the small shareholders a way to fight back together instead of alone. But for almost ten years after it came into force in 2016, no class action suit under this section was admitted by the NCLT. - [ONLINE DISINFORMATION AND ELECTORAL DEMOCRACY: COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/online-disinformation-and-electoral-democracy-comparative-constitutional-responses-with-special-reference-to-india/): ONLINE DISINFORMATION AND ELECTORAL DEMOCRACY: COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA Mehakpreet Kaur, 1st-Semester LL.M. Student at Lovely Professional University, Punjab (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.338 In the age of technology, online misinformation becomes a serious threat to free and fair elections. The rapid spread of misinformation on social media platforms is due to In the age of technology, online misinformation becomes a serious threat to free and fair elections. The rapid spread of misinformation on social media platforms is due to several factors, such as political advertising, fake social media accounts, and artificial intelligence. This type of information can affect voters, mislead them and fill public opinion with doubt in elections and democratic processes. - [IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF CSR PROJECTS IN INDIA: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICAL CHALLENGE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/impact-assessment-of-csr-projects-in-india-legal-framework-and-practical-challenge/): IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF CSR PROJECTS IN INDIA: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICAL CHALLENGE Sachin Verma, Ph.D. Scholar, Netaji Subhas University, Jamshedpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.337 India’s mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) regime under the Companies Act 2013 represents a distinctive legislative model that converts qualifying corporate social expenditure into a statutory obligation. This article examines the India’s mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) regime under the Companies Act 2013 represents a distinctive legislative model that converts qualifying corporate social expenditure into a statutory obligation. This article examines the impact-assessment framework governing that regime and its evolution through the 2021, 2025 and 2026 regulatory developments, asking whether the legal architecture advances substantive accountability or primarily secures procedural compliance. - [RETHINKING AUTHORSHIP: A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTION FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-GENERATED WORKS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/rethinking-authorship-a-doctrinal-analysis-of-copyright-protection-for-artificial-intelligence-generated-works/): RETHINKING AUTHORSHIP: A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTION FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-GENERATED WORKS Divyanshu Tiwari, 5th-Semester B.A. LL.B. Student at IIMT College, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.336 Generative artificial intelligence challenges a foundational assumption of copyright law: that protectable expression is attributable to a human author who exercises creative judgment. This article examines Generative artificial intelligence challenges a foundational assumption of copyright law: that protectable expression is attributable to a human author who exercises creative judgment. This article examines how copyright law should treat works generated or materially assisted by AI, with particular attention to authorship, originality, ownership, and the threshold of human creative contribution. - [JUDICIAL INCONSISTENCY IN GST: HOW DIVERGENT RULINGS ON IDENTICAL STATUTORY ISSUES ARE FRACTURING THE PROMISE OF “ONE NATION, ONE TAX”](https://lijdlr.com/2026/10/01/judicial-inconsistency-in-gst-how-divergent-rulings-on-identical-statutory-issues-are-fracturing-the-promise-of-one-nation-one-tax/): JUDICIAL INCONSISTENCY IN GST: HOW DIVERGENT RULINGS ON IDENTICAL STATUTORY ISSUES ARE FRACTURING THE PROMISE OF “ONE NATION, ONE TAX” Adv. Rajendra Kedge, Practising Advocate, Bombay High Court and other High Courts and the Supreme Court of India Adv. Sunil Yadav, Practising Advocate, Bombay High Court and other High Courts and the Supreme Court of The Goods and Services Tax (“GST”) was introduced with the constitutional and economic objective of creating a harmonised indirect-tax regime across India. The expression “One Nation, One Tax” came to symbolise not merely the subsumption of multiple indirect taxes into a common framework, but also the expectation of uniformity, predictability, and consistency in the administration and adjudication of tax laws. - [CENTRALISATION OF BIRTH AND DEATH RECORDS: DIGITAL STATE CAPACITY, PRIVACY AND COMPARATIVE DATA GOVERNANCE MODELS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/27/centralisation-of-birth-and-death-records-digital-state-capacity-privacy-and-comparative-data-governance-models/): CENTRALISATION OF BIRTH AND DEATH RECORDS: DIGITAL STATE CAPACITY, PRIVACY AND COMPARATIVE DATA GOVERNANCE MODELS Phalak Lamba, LL.M. (Business Law) Student at Lovely Professional University, Punjab (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.334 Civil registration of births and deaths is a foundational State function, but its increasing digitisation and centralisation raise a distinct constitutional question: how far may Civil registration of births and deaths is a foundational State function, but its increasing digitisation and centralisation raise a distinct constitutional question: how far may the State aggregate, link, share and reuse population-scale civil-registration data beyond the immediate purposes for which it is collected? - [A STUDY OF DRUG POLICIES IN INDIA: A CRITICAL LEGAL AND POLICY ANALYSIS OF PROHIBITION, DEMAND REDUCTION, TREATMENT, HARM REDUCTION AND EMERGING NARCOTICS CONTROL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/27/a-study-of-drug-policies-in-india-a-critical-legal-and-policy-analysis-of-prohibition-demand-reduction-treatment-harm-reduction-and-emerging-narcotics-control/): A STUDY OF DRUG POLICIES IN INDIA: A CRITICAL LEGAL AND POLICY ANALYSIS OF PROHIBITION, DEMAND REDUCTION, TREATMENT, HARM REDUCTION AND EMERGING NARCOTICS CONTROL Lavanya P, BCA., LL.B. LL.M (Criminal Law with Cyber Crime), Assistant Professor, Bharath Institute of Law Revathy P, B.Com., LL.B., LL.M (Property Law), The TamilNadu Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Pattarai India’s drug policy combines prohibition, criminal enforcement, regulation of legitimate medicines, public-health intervention and international cooperation. Its central legal framework is anchored in Article 47 of the Constitution and the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 (NDPS Act), supplemented by the Prevention of Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1988 and executive programmes for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. - [FROM PAPER TRAILS TO DIGITAL STREAMS: AN ANALYTICAL CASE FOR JUDICIAL DIGITISATION IN INDIA, WITH A CASE STUDY OF BIHAR](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/27/from-paper-trails-to-digital-streams-an-analytical-case-for-judicial-digitisation-in-india-with-a-case-study-of-bihar/): FROM PAPER TRAILS TO DIGITAL STREAMS: AN ANALYTICAL CASE FOR JUDICIAL DIGITISATION IN INDIA, WITH A CASE STUDY OF BIHAR Dr. Ranjeet Kumar, Advocate and Faculty Member at CNLU, Patna (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.332 India’s judiciary has moved from a paper-bound procedural architecture to a progressively digital justice-delivery framework through the e-Courts Mission Mode Project. India’s judiciary has moved from a paper-bound procedural architecture to a progressively digital justice-delivery framework through the e-Courts Mission Mode Project. This article addresses a central research problem: whether judicial digitisation in India should be assessed merely by reference to unresolved pendency, or by its institutional effects on continuity, transparency, efficiency and access. - [TAX RISK MANAGEMENT FOR CRYPTO-ASSET BUSINESS AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES UNDER VIETNAMESE LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/27/tax-risk-management-for-crypto-asset-business-and-investment-activities-under-vietnamese-law/): TAX RISK MANAGEMENT FOR CRYPTO-ASSET BUSINESS AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES UNDER VIETNAMESE LAW Quach Thi Thuy Duong, PhD Applicant, University of Law, Hue University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Nguyen Thi Binh, PhD, Head of Academic Affairs for the Undergraduate Program, University of Law, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.330 Crypto-assets have become a Crypto-assets have become a significant part of Vietnam’s financial life, with more than 21.2 million holders and capital inflows estimated at USD 220 billion in 2025. In response, the State has promulgated Resolution No. 05/2025/NQ-CP on piloting the crypto-asset market, the Law on Digital Technology Industry No. 71/2025/QH15, and the Law on Tax Administration No. 108/2025/QH15, establishing tax obligations for this class of assets. - [FROM JUDICIAL RECOGNITION TO CONSTITUTIONAL REALISATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MENSTRUAL HEALTH UNDER ARTICLE 21](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/21/from-judicial-recognition-to-constitutional-realisation-a-comparative-study-of-menstrual-health-under-article-21/): FROM JUDICIAL RECOGNITION TO CONSTITUTIONAL REALISATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MENSTRUAL HEALTH UNDER ARTICLE 21 Yuvika Aswal, 7th Semester B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) Student at Law College Dehradun, Uttaranchal University (India) Shirvi Goyal, 3rd Semester LL.B. (Hons.) Student at Law College Dehradun, Uttaranchal University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.323 The fact that the right to menstrual health The fact that the right to menstrual health now has a constitutional footing by being brought under the umbrella of Article 21 (the right to life) is revolutionary under Indian constitutional law. In the case of Dr. Jaya Thakur v. Government of India & Ors., the Supreme Court addressed menstrual health in the wider context of health, dignity, equality, and access to education and commanded the State to adopt measures for better menstrual hygiene management in educational institutions. - [FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY AND THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY: COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/22/facial-recognition-technology-and-the-right-to-privacy-comparative-constitutional-analysis/): FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY AND THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY: COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS Gursimar Kour Sudan, 1st-Semester LL.M. Student at Lovely Professional University, Punjab (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.329 Facial Recognition Technology (FRT), a form of automated identification based on biometric facial data, has become an important tool of State surveillance in modern times. Its use raises constitutional Facial Recognition Technology (FRT), a form of automated identification based on biometric facial data, has become an important tool of State surveillance in modern times. Its use raises constitutional concerns because the collection, analysis and identification of a person’s face by State authorities may interfere with the right to privacy. - [SERVITUS HUMANITATIS: BRIDGING THE REMEDIAL GAP IN CROSS-BORDER HUMANITARIAN RELIEF](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/21/servitus-humanitatis-bridging-the-remedial-gap-in-cross-border-humanitarian-relief/): SERVITUS HUMANITATIS: BRIDGING THE REMEDIAL GAP IN CROSS-BORDER HUMANITARIAN RELIEF Oghenevwede Donatus Ovwoshokpite, Alumnus, Rivers State University, Rivers State (Nigeria) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.328 Armed conflict frequently produces civilian starvation, medical deprivation and restricted access to essential relief. International humanitarian law permits impartial humanitarian actors to offer assistance, but cross-border relief ordinarily remains conditioned on the Armed conflict frequently produces civilian starvation, medical deprivation and restricted access to essential relief. International humanitarian law permits impartial humanitarian actors to offer assistance, but cross-border relief ordinarily remains conditioned on the consent of the territorial State or the parties concerned. The difficulty arises where consent is refused or delayed without lawful justification while civilians remain in urgent need. - [THE VOID MARRIAGE AND THE INVISIBLE WIDOW: RE-EXAMINING SUCCESSION RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN VOID MARRIAGES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/21/the-void-marriage-and-the-invisible-widow-re-examining-succession-rights-of-women-in-void-marriages/): THE VOID MARRIAGE AND THE INVISIBLE WIDOW: RE-EXAMINING SUCCESSION RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN VOID MARRIAGES Anubha Shukla, 3rd year B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) Student at Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.327 The legal consequences of a marriage void under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 are ordinarily determined by the absence of valid marital The legal consequences of a marriage void under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 are ordinarily determined by the absence of valid marital status. A woman whose marriage is void under Section 11 does not acquire the status of a legally wedded wife and, upon the man’s death, cannot ordinarily claim the status of a widow or qualify as a Class I heir under the Hindu Succession Act, 1956. - [AN EVALUATION OF INDIA’S DIGITAL COMPETITION FRAMEWORK AND THE FUTURE OF EX-ANTE REGULATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/21/an-evaluation-of-indias-digital-competition-framework-and-the-future-of-ex-ante-regulation/): AN EVALUATION OF INDIA’S DIGITAL COMPETITION FRAMEWORK AND THE FUTURE OF EX-ANTE REGULATION Harshwardhan Yadav, 5th year B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.) [Cyber Security] Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Aman Jha, 5th year B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.) [Cyber Security] Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India). Aditi Raikwar, 5th year B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.) [Cyber India’s search for a workable model of digital-market regulation has moved through several distinct phases within the space of four years: a parliamentary diagnosis of a regulatory gap, the drafting of an ambitious ex-ante code modelled substantially on the European Union’s Digital Markets Act, and a subsequent pause for evidence-gathering after that code met sustained resistance from both global technology companies and domestic start-ups. - [ROLE OF POLICE IN CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/21/role-of-police-in-crime-prevention-and-criminal-justice-administration-in-india/): ROLE OF POLICE IN CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA Ajay Kumar, 4th year BBA LL.B. (Hons.) Student at Amity Law School, Amity University Patna (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.325 The police constitute a central institution in crime prevention and criminal justice administration in India. Their functions extend beyond maintaining law and order to The police constitute a central institution in crime prevention and criminal justice administration in India. Their functions extend beyond maintaining law and order to include prevention of offences, registration of information, investigation of crimes, collection and preservation of evidence, protection of victims and witnesses, and assistance to courts in the administration of justice. - [OPINION WITHOUT AN OPINION-HOLDER: SECTION 39 BSA, EXPERT EVIDENCE, AND ALGORITHMIC BLACK-BOX TESTIMONY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/21/opinion-without-an-opinion-holder-section-39-bsa-expert-evidence-and-algorithmic-black-box-testimony/): OPINION WITHOUT AN OPINION-HOLDER: SECTION 39 BSA, EXPERT EVIDENCE, AND ALGORITHMIC BLACK-BOX TESTIMONY Samarth Udasin, 5th year B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.) [Cyber Security] student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Harshwardhan Yadav, 5th year B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.) [Cyber Security] student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India). Mohit Jain, 5th year B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.) student Section 39 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 carries forward, almost unchanged, the nineteenth-century architecture of opinion evidence: a person “especially skilled” in a field furnishes the court with reasoned criteria it can independently test. Section 330 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 compounds the difficulty by allowing an expert's report to be read into evidence, and the expert to go unexamined, unless a party affirmatively disputes it. - [WHEN AN ADMINISTRATIVE LETTER CANNOT BECOME LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/18/when-an-administrative-letter-cannot-become-law/): WHEN AN ADMINISTRATIVE LETTER CANNOT BECOME LAW Professor Om Parkash Wadhwa, Retired Associate Professor of Public Administration at NRS Government (PG) College, Rohtak, Haryana, formerly M.D. University College, Rohtak (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.322 The controversy concerning eligibility for appointment to teaching posts raises an important question of legal authority: can an administrative communication override or The controversy concerning eligibility for appointment to teaching posts raises an important question of legal authority: can an administrative communication override or enlarge a qualification prescribed by statutory Regulations? The issue assumes particular significance in relation to a UGC communication dated 05.03.1992, relied upon in Dr. Rajbir Singh Dalal v. Chaudhari Devi Lal University, (2008) 9 SCC 284, concerning the alleged interchangeability of Political Science and Public Administration. - [EVALUATING MANDATORY ATTENDANCE IN LAW UNIVERSITIES THROUGH RECENT COURT ORDERS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/18/evaluating-mandatory-attendance-in-law-universities-through-recent-court-orders/): EVALUATING MANDATORY ATTENDANCE IN LAW UNIVERSITIES THROUGH RECENT COURT ORDERS Shlok Kekre, 3rd Year B.B.A LL. B student at Jagran Lakecity University, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.321 This paper explores the contentious issue of mandatory attendance in law universities in India. Its focus is on the historical background of the litigation arising from the tragic This paper explores the contentious issue of mandatory attendance in law universities in India. Its focus is on the historical background of the litigation arising from the tragic suicide of a law student and the subsequent judicial scrutiny of attendance norms in legal education. The central research issue concerns the legal challenge to rigid attendance requirements prescribed under the Bar Council of India framework. - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INDIA: REIMAGINING COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, AND PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/18/intellectual-property-rights-and-artificial-intelligence-in-india-reimagining-copyright-patent-trademark-and-personality-rights-in-the-digital-age/): INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INDIA: REIMAGINING COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, AND PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE Pragati Sharma, Ph.D Scholar, Netaji Subhash University, Jamshedpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.320 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century, fundamentally altering the manner in which information is Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century, fundamentally altering the manner in which information is created, processed, disseminated, and commercialized. The integration of AI into creative and innovative processes has generated unprecedented opportunities while simultaneously posing significant challenges to traditional legal frameworks governing intellectual property rights (IPR). - [METAVERSE AND LAW: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE LEGAL CHALLENGES IN THE VIRTUAL WORLD](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/18/metaverse-and-law-a-comparative-study-of-the-legal-challenges-in-the-virtual-world/): METAVERSE AND LAW: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE LEGAL CHALLENGES IN THE VIRTUAL WORLD Isha Rajput, 9th Semester B.Com LL.B. (Hons) student at Prestige Institute of Management and Research Gwalior (India) Aayushi Gupta, 9th Semester BBA LL.B. (Hons) student at Prestige Institute of Management and Research Gwalior (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.319 The metaverse presents a The metaverse presents a complex legal challenge because immersive virtual environments combine identity, property, commerce, communication, and behavioural interaction in ways that India’s existing cyber-law framework does not specifically address. This paper examines the absence of a metaverse-specific legal framework in India and evaluates whether the Information Technology Act, 2000, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, and existing intellectual-property and consumer-protection laws are sufficient to regulate metaverse-related harms. - [ADR AS A CATALYST FOR SUSTAINABLE JUSTICE: RETHINKING INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTH UNDER THE 2030 AGENDA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/02/adr-as-a-catalyst-for-sustainable-justice-rethinking-institutional-strength-under-the-2030-agenda/): ADR AS A CATALYST FOR SUSTAINABLE JUSTICE: RETHINKING INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTH UNDER THE 2030 AGENDA Rashiqa Akhtar, Fourth Year, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islamia (India) Sheeza Afrin Khan, Fourth Year, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islamia (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.305 Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16) envisions peaceful, just, Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16) envisions peaceful, just, and inclusive societies grounded in accountable and effective institutions. Yet across jurisdictions, formal justice systems remain overburdened, adversarial, and inaccessible to many, particularly vulnerable communities. - [THE JURISDICTION AND EVOLUTION OF ARTICLE 227 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA: FROM COLONIAL SUPERINTENDENCE TO CONSTITUTIONAL JUDICIAL SUPERVISION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/14/the-jurisdiction-and-evolution-of-article-227-of-the-constitution-of-india-from-colonial-superintendence-to-constitutional-judicial-supervision/): THE JURISDICTION AND EVOLUTION OF ARTICLE 227 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA: FROM COLONIAL SUPERINTENDENCE TO CONSTITUTIONAL JUDICIAL SUPERVISION Adv. Rajendra Kedge, Practising Advocate, Bombay High Court and other High Courts and the Supreme Court of India (India) Adv. Sunil Yadav, Practising Advocate, Bombay High Court and other High Courts and the Supreme Court of Article 227 of the Constitution of India confers upon every High Court the power of superintendence over all courts and tribunals within its territorial jurisdiction, subject to the constitutional exclusion relating to courts and tribunals constituted under laws concerning the Armed Forces. Although constitutional in form, this jurisdiction has a pre-Constitutional lineage traceable to Section 15 of the Indian High Courts Act, 1861, Section 107 of the Government of India Act, 1915, and Section 224 of the Government of India Act, 1935. - [PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS IN ARBITRATION: EFFICIENCY TOOL OR THREAT TO ARBITRAL INDEPENDENCE?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/14/predictive-analytics-in-arbitration-efficiency-tool-or-threat-to-arbitral-independence/): PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS IN ARBITRATION: EFFICIENCY TOOL OR THREAT TO ARBITRAL INDEPENDENCE? Dr. Krishnapriya L, Assistant Professor, Christ Academy Institute of Law, Bengaluru (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.317 The growing integration of predictive analytics into arbitration marks a significant technological development in contemporary dispute resolution. By deploying artificial intelligence and machine learning systems trained on arbitral awards, The growing integration of predictive analytics into arbitration marks a significant technological development in contemporary dispute resolution. By deploying artificial intelligence and machine learning systems trained on arbitral awards, procedural orders, institutional statistics, and arbitrator-related data, predictive tools promise to forecast likely outcomes, estimate damages, evaluate procedural trends, and support strategic case management. - [TRIAL BY MEDIA AND THE TEST IDENTIFICATION PARADE: CLOSING THE “PENDENCY GAP” IN INDIA’S CONTEMPT LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/14/trial-by-media-and-the-test-identification-parade-closing-the-pendency-gap-in-indias-contempt-law/): TRIAL BY MEDIA AND THE TEST IDENTIFICATION PARADE: CLOSING THE “PENDENCY GAP” IN INDIA’S CONTEMPT LAW Pooja Soni, BALLB Student currently in 5th year, pursuing BALLB at Seedling School of Law and Governance, Jaipur National University (India) Moazzam Daksh Hada, BALLB Student currently in 4th year, pursuing BALLB at Seedling School of Law and Governance, A Test Identification Parade (TIP) is dependable only when a witness’s memory remains insulated from external influence. Yet Indian investigative practice often exposes arrested suspects through press briefings, custody walks, leaked photographs, and viral social-media circulation before any parade occurs. - [TRACING THE RELEVANCE OF BLOCKCHAIN IN THE FIELD OF COPYRIGHT: BY ANALYTICALLY EXAMINING THE JOURNEY OF CONCEPT OF COPYRIGHT LAW, ROLE OF BLOCKCHAIN IN REGULATING MUSIC INDUSTRY, LICENSING, OUTPUT DEVELOPED USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, OWNERSHIP CLAIMS, DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS - INTERNATIONALLY AND NATIONALLY, PROBLEMS FACED DURING ENFORCEMENT AND ITS IMPRESSION ON SOCIAL JUSTICE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/14/tracing-the-relevance-of-blockchain-in-the-field-of-copyright-by-analytically-examining-the-journey-of-concept-of-copyright-law-role-of-blockchain-in-regulating-music-industry-licensing-output-dev/): TRACING THE RELEVANCE OF BLOCKCHAIN IN THE FIELD OF COPYRIGHT: BY ANALYTICALLY EXAMINING THE JOURNEY OF CONCEPT OF COPYRIGHT LAW, ROLE OF BLOCKCHAIN IN REGULATING MUSIC INDUSTRY, LICENSING, OUTPUT DEVELOPED USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, OWNERSHIP CLAIMS, DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS - INTERNATIONALLY AND NATIONALLY, PROBLEMS FACED DURING ENFORCEMENT AND ITS IMPRESSION ON SOCIAL JUSTICE IN INDIA The intellectual property sector is undergoing through significant changes due to the rapid growth in the technology. This paper traces the history of the intellectual property with national and international frameworks from Statute of Anne to the World Intellectual Property Organization and emerging technologies, explores the relevance of blockchain technology in the field of copyright, concept of related terms like Digital Rights Management Systems, licensing, ownership claims and AI-generated contents and how this technology has affected music industry so far. - [THE NEED FOR A UNIFIED LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR MEDIA IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/14/the-need-for-a-unified-legal-framework-for-media-in-india/): THE NEED FOR A UNIFIED LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR MEDIA IN INDIA Priyanshu Tanwar, Student, 5th Semester student pursuing LLB (H.) at Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.314 India regulates its media through a patchwork of statutes, rules and executive circulars, most of them written for a specific technology and a specific era. Print, India regulates its media through a patchwork of statutes, rules and executive circulars, most of them written for a specific technology and a specific era. Print, cinema, cable and satellite broadcasting, and the internet each answer to a different ministry and a different set of standards. This paper argues that such fragmentation cannot hold up in a converged media landscape, where the same story can run in a newspaper, on television and across social media within minutes, yet face separate legal tests depending on where it appears. - [BALANCING INNOVATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS: REASSESSING PRIVACY AND AUTONOMY IN AI GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/10/balancing-innovation-and-human-rights-reassessing-privacy-and-autonomy-in-ai-governance/): BALANCING INNOVATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS: REASSESSING PRIVACY AND AUTONOMY IN AI GOVERNANCE Gaurav Anand, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Fourth Year, Gitarattan International Business School, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi (India) Harsh Raj, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Fourth Year, Gitarattan International Business School, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.313 Artificial Intelligence is increasingly shaping governance, public administration, commercial decision-making, and everyday digital interactions. While AI offers significant benefits in innovation, efficiency, security, welfare delivery, and economic growth, its dependence on large-scale data extraction raises serious concerns for privacy, autonomy, dignity, and equality. - [MULTIPLE DYING DECLARATIONS AND THE SEARCH FOR RELIABILITY: JUDICIAL APPROACHES UNDER SECTION 26(A) OF THE BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/10/multiple-dying-declarations-and-the-search-for-reliability-judicial-approaches-under-section-26a-of-the-bharatiya-sakshya-adhiniyam-2023/): MULTIPLE DYING DECLARATIONS AND THE SEARCH FOR RELIABILITY: JUDICIAL APPROACHES UNDER SECTION 26(A) OF THE BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023 Jiya Dargar, BALLB (hons.), IX semester student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.312 A dying declaration is admissible under Section 26(a) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 even though the maker cannot A dying declaration is admissible under Section 26(a) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 even though the maker cannot be cross-examined. The rule rests on the assumption that a person facing death is unlikely to speak falsely. In practice, however, a victim may make more than one statement before death. - [CHEQUE DISHONOUR AND CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE IN INDIA: ANALYSING THE SHIFT TOWARDS DECRIMINALISATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/09/cheque-dishonour-and-criminal-jurisprudence-in-india-analysing-the-shift-towards-decriminalisation/): CHEQUE DISHONOUR AND CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE IN INDIA: ANALYSING THE SHIFT TOWARDS DECRIMINALISATION Rajbir Kaur, Research Scholar, Faculty of Law, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab (India) Arpana Bansal, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.311 Cheque dishonour occurs when a cheque is returned unpaid due Cheque dishonour occurs when a cheque is returned unpaid due to insufficient funds or other reasons. Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 criminalises such dishonour under certain conditions. This has made cheque dishonour one the most litigated forms of financial offence in India with millions of pending cases in front of the courts today. Cheque dishonour was introduced as part of an amendment in 1988 to enhance the credibility of cheques and ultimately prevent payment defaults. - [CANCEL CULTURE, DIGITAL VIGILANTISM, AND THE CHILLING EFFECT: ONLINE EXPRESSION AND MEDIA LAW IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/09/cancel-culture-digital-vigilantism-and-the-chilling-effect-online-expression-and-media-law-in-india/): CANCEL CULTURE, DIGITAL VIGILANTISM, AND THE CHILLING EFFECT: ONLINE EXPRESSION AND MEDIA LAW IN INDIA Ishaan Bhardwaj, BALLB, 3rd semester, Second Year, student at Symbiosis Law School, Nagpur, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune (India) Anushree Mukte, Assistant Professor, Symbiosis Law School, Nagpur, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.310 The advent of cancel The advent of cancel culture as a form of digital public discourse poses a significant challenge to freedom of expression in India by generating a form of horizontal chilling effect that operates beyond traditional constitutional restraints on State censorship. Unlike vertical restrictions governed by Article 19(1)(a), cancel culture involves decentralized social mobilization through digital platforms, where reputational condemnation, professional exclusion, and psychological harm may arise without meaningful opportunity to respond, judicial oversight, or procedural safeguards. - [BRIDGING THE GAP: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF INDIA'S CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY REFORM UNDER THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2026, AND THE CASE FOR FULL ADOPTION OF THE UNCITRAL MODEL LAW ON CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/09/bridging-the-gap-a-critical-analysis-of-indias-cross-border-insolvency-reform-under-the-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-amendment-act-2026-and-the-case-for-full-adoption-of-the-uncitral-model-la/): BRIDGING THE GAP: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF INDIA'S CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY REFORM UNDER THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2026, AND THE CASE FOR FULL ADOPTION OF THE UNCITRAL MODEL LAW ON CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY Harsh Raj, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Final Year, Gitarattan International Business School, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi (India) Download The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“IBC”) transformed India’s domestic debt-resolution framework, yet for nearly a decade cross-border insolvency remained confined to Sections 234 and 235, two skeletal provisions dependent on bilateral reciprocity and letters of request that India never meaningfully operationalised. - [A DOCTRINAL STUDY OF THE CONVERGENCE BETWEEN MATRIMONIAL CRUELTY AND THE BREAKDOWN THEORY UNDER INDIAN LAWS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/09/a-doctrinal-study-of-the-convergence-between-matrimonial-cruelty-and-the-breakdown-theory-under-indian-laws/): A DOCTRINAL STUDY OF THE CONVERGENCE BETWEEN MATRIMONIAL CRUELTY AND THE BREAKDOWN THEORY UNDER INDIAN LAWS Reetambhar Kumar Das, Ph.D. Research Scholar at Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.308 Marriage under Indian law has traditionally been understood as a sacrament and a status relationship rather than a dissoluble contract. The fault theory Marriage under Indian law has traditionally been understood as a sacrament and a status relationship rather than a dissoluble contract. The fault theory of divorce, inherited largely from English ecclesiastical law and codified in the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and allied matrimonial statutes, required a petitioner to prove a specific matrimonial offence adultery, desertion, or cruelty before a decree of divorce could be granted. - [DUE PROCESS IN SECURITIES REGULATION: BALANCING SEBI'S ENFORCEMENT POWERS WITH NATURAL JUSTICE AND PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/09/due-process-in-securities-regulation-balancing-sebis-enforcement-powers-with-natural-justice-and-procedural-fairness/): DUE PROCESS IN SECURITIES REGULATION: BALANCING SEBI'S ENFORCEMENT POWERS WITH NATURAL JUSTICE AND PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS Harsh Raj, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Final Year, Gitarattan International Business School, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi (India) Sonia Arora, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Final Year, Gitarattan International Business School, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi (India) SEBI investigates, prosecutes, and adjudicates within the same institution, under a statutory design Parliament is now reconsidering: the Securities Markets Code, 2025, tabled in the Lok Sabha in December 2025, proposes to fold the SEBI Act into a single consolidated statute and attach fixed timelines to enforcement. - [ORCHESTRATING ACCOUNTABILITY: LIABILITY OF THE SYSTEM DEPLOYER IN AGENTIC AI UNDER INDIAN LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/08/orchestrating-accountability-liability-of-the-system-deployer-in-agentic-ai-under-indian-law/): Agentic AI systems do not merely respond to queries they act, decompose goals, call APIs, enter transactions, and produce irreversible real-world consequences.. - [AI, SOCIETY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN INDIA: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND THE ROAD AHEAD](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/ai-society-and-the-transformation-of-the-legal-system-in-india-opportunities-challenges-and-the-road-ahead/): AI, SOCIETY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN INDIA: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND THE ROAD AHEAD Shrutika Juwale, Second Year LLM- IPR, KES SHRI. Jayantilal Patel College of Law, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.42 This research paper examines the influence of Artificial Intelligence on society and the legal system in India. Artificial Intelligence (AI) This research paper examines the influence of Artificial Intelligence on society and the legal system in India. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a widely used technology in both professional and personal life, making several activities more convenient, efficient, and accessible. Whether individuals are fully aware of it or not, AI increasingly influences decision-making processes and the manner in which people live, work, and interact with institutions. - [UNDERSTANDING THE FIXING LIABILITY FOR AUTONOMOUS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF DECISION-MAKING IN INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/understanding-the-fixing-liability-for-autonomous-artificial-intelligence-a-legal-analysis-of-decision-making-in-interactive-systems/): UNDERSTANDING THE FIXING LIABILITY FOR AUTONOMOUS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF DECISION-MAKING IN INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS C. SibiKarthick, 8th Semester B.A.LL.B Student at Government Law College, Madurai, affiliated with Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar University,Tamilnadu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.41 In the international context, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technological development; however, harms arising In the international context, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technological development; however, harms arising from autonomous AI activities now constitute a serious legal concern. Several international reports indicate that, following the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of children transitioned extensively to online education, resulting in increased dependence on mobile technology and, consequently, excessive engagement with social media, video games, and AI-based interactions. - [AI IN LIBRARY AUTOMATION & MANAGEMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/ai-in-library-automation-management/): AI IN LIBRARY AUTOMATION & MANAGEMENT Kanak Godbole, 3rd Semester LLM Student at KES' Shri Jayantilal H. Patel Law, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.40 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping contemporary library automation and management by transforming how libraries organise resources, retrieve information, support users, and manage institutional collections. This paper examines the integration of AI Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping contemporary library automation and management by transforming how libraries organise resources, retrieve information, support users, and manage institutional collections. This paper examines the integration of AI technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing, automation, predictive analytics, and AI-enabled user support systems, within modern library management systems. - [AUTHORSHIP AND OWNERSHIP IN AI GENERATED WORKS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/authorship-and-ownership-in-ai-generated-works/): AUTHORSHIP AND OWNERSHIP IN AI GENERATED WORKS Urvi Shreyas Shah, Student at KES' Shri. Jayantilal H. Patel Law College, Advocate at Bombay High Court (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.39 Artificial intelligence has transformed from a simple tool to get information to a robust tool which can create books, music, artworks, and computer programs with little to Artificial intelligence has transformed from a simple tool to get information to a robust tool which can create books, music, artworks, and computer programs with little to no human involvement. From a legal point of view, this raises serious legal questions with regard to who should be called the author of these works, and who should own them? - [REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND POLICY DEVELOPMENTS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/regulatory-framework-and-policy-developments-for-artificial-intelligence/): REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND POLICY DEVELOPMENTS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Veronica Gabriel Fernandes, LLM, Second Year ,KES Shri. Jayantilal H. Patel Law College (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.38 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of modern society, influencing decision-making in sectors such as healthcare, banking, law enforcement, education, and governance. The integration of AI into these Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of modern society, influencing decision-making in sectors such as healthcare, banking, law enforcement, education, and governance. The integration of AI into these domains has led to improved efficiency, enhanced accuracy, and greater innovation. - [RIGHT TO DIGNITY IN THE AGE OF DEEPFAKES: A CONSTITUTIONAL OVERVIEW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/right-to-dignity-in-the-age-of-deepfakes-a-constitutional-overview/): RIGHT TO DIGNITY IN THE AGE OF DEEPFAKES: A CONSTITUTIONAL OVERVIEW Pruthali soni, 10th semester B.A.LL.B student at Kes Shri Jayantilal H Patel Law College, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.37 Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees right to life and personal liberty, which includes right to privacy and dignity. However due to evolution of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees right to life and personal liberty, which includes right to privacy and dignity. However due to evolution of Artificial Intelligence it is kept on stake. Whether intentionally or unintentionally, we all are at a stake of granting AI our personal and private data. - [BEYOND THE BLACK BOX: TRANSPARENCY, EXPLAINABILITY, AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/beyond-the-black-box-transparency-explainability-and-accountability-in-artificial-intelligence/): BEYOND THE BLACK BOX: TRANSPARENCY, EXPLAINABILITY, AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Tanya Sharma, Assistant Professor, KES Shri Jayantilal H Patel Law College (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.35 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology influencing decision-making processes across diverse sectors, including healthcare, finance, education, employment, law enforcement, and public administration. While AI systems offer Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology influencing decision-making processes across diverse sectors, including healthcare, finance, education, employment, law enforcement, and public administration. While AI systems offer significant advantages in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and scalability, many advanced models operate as “black boxes,” producing outputs without providing clear explanations of how decisions are reached. - [AI, SOCIETY AND THE FUTURE OF LEGAL EDUCATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/ai-society-and-the-future-of-legal-education-3/): AI, SOCIETY AND THE FUTURE OF LEGAL EDUCATION Ms. Surabhi Vinod Daga, Ph.D Student, Adv. Ramkrishnaji Rathi Law College, Ph.D Research Centre, Washim, Affiliated to Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.36 Artificial Intelligence is rapidly changing the legal world. Earlier, AI was mainly used for office work such as managing files, Artificial Intelligence is rapidly changing the legal world. Earlier, AI was mainly used for office work such as managing files, searching cases, or preparing documents. Today, it is becoming a powerful tool that can assist in legal thinking, predict outcomes of cases, and support decision-making. - [REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CORPORATE INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION: ENHANCING CREDITOR RECOVERIES AND DETECTING AVOIDANCE TRANSACTIONS UNDER THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/regulating-artificial-intelligence-in-corporate-insolvency-resolution-enhancing-creditor-recoveries-and-detecting-avoidance-transactions-under-the-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-2016/): REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CORPORATE INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION: ENHANCING CREDITOR RECOVERIES AND DETECTING AVOIDANCE TRANSACTIONS UNDER THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016 Ms.Pooja Nakul Maniar, Asst. Professor, KES’ Shri Jayantilal Patel Law College, Research Scholar at School of Law Sandip University, Nashik (India) Dr. Roksana Hassanshahi Varashti, Supervisor and Associate professor at School of Law Sandip Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with the potential to revolutionize legal systems worldwide. Within the sphere of insolvency law, AI offers significant opportunities to improve efficiency, transparency, and decision-making in Corporate Insolvency Resolution Processes (CIRP). - [SMART CONTRACTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COMMERCIAL LAW: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF EMERGING LEGAL CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/smart-contracts-and-artificial-intelligence-in-commercial-law-an-analytical-study-of-emerging-legal-challenges/): SMART CONTRACTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COMMERCIAL LAW: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF EMERGING LEGAL CHALLENGES Apeksha Sunil Raut, B.Sc.(Micro), LL.B,LL.M,Ph.D. Scholar, Adv. Ramkrishnaji Rathi Law College, Washim, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Maharashtra (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.33 Technological advancement has significantly transformed commercial transactions through the emergence of smart contracts, blockchain-based systems, and Artificial Intelligence Technological advancement has significantly transformed commercial transactions through the emergence of smart contracts, blockchain-based systems, and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Smart contracts operate through self-executing code deployed on blockchain platforms and automatically perform contractual obligations upon the fulfilment of pre-determined conditions. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, LAW, AND LAW LIBRARIES: LEGAL CHALLENGES, JUDICIAL RESPONSES, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF LEGAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/artificial-intelligence-law-and-law-libraries-legal-challenges-judicial-responses-and-the-transformation-of-legal-information-systems/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, LAW, AND LAW LIBRARIES: LEGAL CHALLENGES, JUDICIAL RESPONSES, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF LEGAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS Dr. Shweta Vijendra Pathak, Librarian, KES’ Shri. Jayantilal H. Patel Law College Kandivli, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.32 The growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has substantially transformed the legal information landscape by reshaping the manner in which legal The growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has substantially transformed the legal information landscape by reshaping the manner in which legal professionals, researchers, courts, and law libraries locate, organise, verify, and interpret legal materials. AI-enabled tools are increasingly used for legal research, document review, information retrieval, contract analysis, citation assistance, and data-driven legal analysis. - [THE DANGLING SWORD OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INFRASTRUCTURE ON HUMAN RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/the-dangling-sword-of-artificial-intelligence-infrastructure-on-human-rights/): THE DANGLING SWORD OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INFRASTRUCTURE ON HUMAN RIGHTS Ms. Maitreyee Sanjay Raut, Assistant Professor, KES Shri Jayantilal H. Patel Law College, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.31 Artificial Intelligence has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century, influencing sectors such as education, agriculture, healthcare, law enforcement, traffic regulation and Artificial Intelligence has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century, influencing sectors such as education, agriculture, healthcare, law enforcement, traffic regulation and public administration. However, the rapid growth of AI is not merely a digital phenomenon; it is supported by large-scale physical infrastructure in the form of data centres. - [AI AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/ai-and-intellectual-property-rights/): AI AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Mansi Sunil Narvekar, SY LLM, Business Law, KES JP Law College (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.30 Artificial intelligence has transformed the digital economy by enabling the autonomous and semi-autonomous generation of creative works, technical solutions, and data-driven outputs. This rapid development has created significant challenges for existing intellectual property rights frameworks, Artificial intelligence has transformed the digital economy by enabling the autonomous and semi-autonomous generation of creative works, technical solutions, and data-driven outputs. This rapid development has created significant challenges for existing intellectual property rights frameworks, particularly in relation to ownership, authorship, inventorship, protection, infringement, and enforcement. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MENTAL HEALTH: UNDERSTANDING ‘RIGHT TO LIFE’ IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/artificial-intelligence-and-mental-health-understanding-right-to-life-in-the-digital-age/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MENTAL HEALTH: UNDERSTANDING ‘RIGHT TO LIFE’ IN THE DIGITAL AGE Manjusha Bhenwal, Assistant Professor, KES Shri Jayantilal H. Patel Law College, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.29 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an important feature of contemporary life, including communication, healthcare, education, administration and social interaction. In healthcare, AI-assisted diagnosis, virtual counselling, behavioural Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an important feature of contemporary life, including communication, healthcare, education, administration and social interaction. In healthcare, AI-assisted diagnosis, virtual counselling, behavioural analysis and mental-health applications may improve access, affordability and early identification of psychological concerns, particularly in India, where mental-health care continues to face social stigma and infrastructural limitations. - [DIGITAL DATA PRIVACY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/digital-data-privacy-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence/): DIGITAL DATA PRIVACY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Deepti Prakash Singh, Research scholar in the Faculty of Law, University of Allahabad (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.28 In this AI-driven world, with the consistent growth of digital information, data privacy has become a critical concern for individuals because personal data has become a new currency in In this AI-driven world, with the consistent growth of digital information, data privacy has become a critical concern for individuals because personal data has become a new currency in this digitally interconnected world. This article explores common threats, vulnerabilities, and challenges relating to data protection and examines how the rapid development of artificial intelligence has transformed data-processing capabilities. - [AI AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/ai-and-human-rights-protection/): AI AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION Adv. Uchita G. Barve, 3rd Semester S. Y. LLM Student at Kes College of Law, University of Mumbai, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.27 The rapid evolution of technology has profoundly transformed modern life, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerging as one of the most influential technological developments. By processing vast datasets, The rapid evolution of technology has profoundly transformed modern life, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerging as one of the most influential technological developments. By processing vast datasets, predicting outcomes, and assisting decision-making, AI enhances efficiency, accuracy, and productivity. - [AI AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: AUTHORSHIP & OWNERSHIP IN AI-GENERATED WORKS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/ai-and-intellectual-property-rights-authorship-ownership-in-ai-generated-works/): AI AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: AUTHORSHIP & OWNERSHIP IN AI-GENERATED WORKS Ishika, 2nd Year, BA LLB Student at Christ (Deemed to be University) Delhi NCR (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.26 The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has placed significant pressure on the traditional copyright concepts of authorship, originality, and ownership. Copyright law has historically proceeded The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has placed significant pressure on the traditional copyright concepts of authorship, originality, and ownership. Copyright law has historically proceeded on the assumption that creative expression is the product of human intellect, intention, and judgment. - [AI, SOCIETY, AND THE FUTURE OF LEGAL EDUCATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/ai-society-and-the-future-of-legal-education-2/): AI, SOCIETY, AND THE FUTURE OF LEGAL EDUCATION Dr. Rajesh Anant Sakhare, Principal, Agnel School of Law, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, University of Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.25 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most revolutionary technological developments of the twenty-first century. It has transformed governance, commerce, healthcare, education, and legal systems across Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most revolutionary technological developments of the twenty-first century. It has transformed governance, commerce, healthcare, education, and legal systems across the world. The legal profession and legal education are experiencing rapid transformation due to advancements in machine learning, legal analytics, automation, online dispute resolution, and digital governance systems. - [HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MODERN DEMOCRACIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/human-rights-protection-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence-comparative-study-of-modern-democracies/): HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MODERN DEMOCRACIES Dr. Sukdeo Ingale, Asst. Professor, Department of Law, Vishwakarma University, Pune (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.24 Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has the potential to transform governance, law enforcement, public administration and access to justice. While existing scholarship has largely emphasized risks such Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has the potential to transform governance, law enforcement, public administration and access to justice. While existing scholarship has largely emphasized risks such as privacy violations, algorithmic bias, mass surveillance, intellectual property concerns, automated profiling and exclusion, there is increasing recognition that AI can also be deployed as a tool for the protection and promotion of human rights. - [AUTHORSHIP AND OWNERSHIP IN AI GENERATED WORKS: RETHINKING COPYRIGHT IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/authorship-and-ownership-in-ai-generated-works-rethinking-copyright-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence/): AUTHORSHIP AND OWNERSHIP IN AI GENERATED WORKS: RETHINKING COPYRIGHT IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Zhil Manek, 10th Semester B.A.LL.B Student at MKES College of Law, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.23 “The growing use of artificial intelligence as a creative tool has introduced significant challenges for copyright law, which has historically been based on the “The growing use of artificial intelligence as a creative tool has introduced significant challenges for copyright law, which has historically been based on the idea of human authorship. Today, AI systems are capable of producing literary, artistic, and technical works with limited human involvement. - [AI, SOCIETY AND THE FUTURE OF LEGAL EDUCATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/ai-society-and-the-future-of-legal-education/): #post_excerptArtificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming society, legal practice and legal education by changing how information is produced, analysed and applied in decision-making. This paper examines the relationship between AI, society and the future of legal education, with specific focus on the skills and institutional reforms required for lawyers in a technology-driven legal environment. - [COPYRIGHT CAPTURE IN THE AI AGE: BIG TECH, ACADEMIC PAYWALLS, AND THE TRIPS DILEMMA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/06/copyright-capture-in-the-ai-age-big-tech-academic-paywalls-and-the-trips-dilemma/): COPYRIGHT CAPTURE IN THE AI AGE: BIG TECH, ACADEMIC PAYWALLS, AND THE TRIPS DILEMMA Mahavir Mandot, Research Scholar, Faculty of Legal Studies, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India) Dr. Renupal Sood, LLM (Business Law), Faculty of Legal Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.21 The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models and generative AI systems, has transformed the production, dissemination, and commercial use of knowledge in the digital era. These systems rely on vast datasets drawn from books, research articles, websites, and other digital materials, many of which may be protected by copyright. While such datasets have enabled technological innovation, they have also raised serious legal and ethical concerns regarding authorization, compensation, ownership of training data, and the commercialization of intellectual works. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CONTRACT FORMATION: LEGAL IMPLICATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/artificial-intelligence-in-contract-formation-legal-implications-for-commercial-transactions/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CONTRACT FORMATION: LEGAL IMPLICATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS Ms. Priyanka Arvind Khakhadia, Assistant Professor, KES’ Shri Jayantilal H. Patel Law College, Kandivali (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.20 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly significant instrument in modern commercial contracting. Businesses now deploy AI-enabled systems to analyse market data, communicate with customers, generate contractual Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly significant instrument in modern commercial contracting. Businesses now deploy AI-enabled systems to analyse market data, communicate with customers, generate contractual terms, automate acceptance, manage procurement, and execute transactions with limited human intervention. These developments improve speed and efficiency, but they also challenge contract law, which traditionally assumes that consent, authority, intention, and responsibility can be attributed to legally recognised human or juristic persons. - [CONSUMER PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF AI-DRIVEN PRODUCTS AND SERVICES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/consumer-protection-in-the-era-of-ai-driven-products-and-services/): CONSUMER PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF AI-DRIVEN PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Dr. Deepanshi Dahiya Chandarana, Dr.Deepanshi Dahiya Chandarana,Assistant Professor,KES Shri Jayantilal H. Patel Law College (India) Adv. Harjas Pratap Singh Anand, Advocate at Delhi High Court (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.19 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed the way consumers interact with products and services. From personalized Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed the way consumers interact with products and services. From personalized recommendations on e-commerce platforms to AI-powered chatbots, virtual assistants, automated financial services, and smart devices, AI has become deeply embedded in everyday consumer experiences. - [LAW IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A FUNDAMENTAL PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/law-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence-a-fundamental-perspective/): LAW IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A FUNDAMENTAL PERSPECTIVE Sanjay Anjana Damodare, 3rd Semester, Criminal Law & Criminal Administration Student at Kes’ Shri. Jayantilal H.Patel LawCollege (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.18 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being adopted in India across sectors such as governance, law enforcement, welfare administration, and the justice delivery system. While Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being adopted in India across sectors such as governance, law enforcement, welfare administration, and the justice delivery system. While AI offers efficiency and improved decision-making, its growing use raises serious concerns regarding the protection of human rights in the Indian context. - [IMPACT OF LAW AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN MSMES OF RAIGAD DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/impact-of-law-and-artificial-intelligence-on-working-capital-management-in-msmes-of-raigad-district-maharashtra-india/): IMPACT OF LAW AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN MSMES OF RAIGAD DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA Mr. Riyaz Nawabullah Pathan, Research Scholar, Pillai College of Arts, Commerce & Science (Autonomous) Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra (India) Dr. Farhat Fatma Mumtaz Husain Shaikh, Assistant Professor, Pillai College of Arts, Commerce & Science (Autonomous) Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are widely regarded as an important segment of the Indian economy because of their contribution to employment generation, industrial production, exports, and regional development. Efficient Working Capital Management (WCM) is particularly significant for MSMEs, as they largely depend on short-term funds for managing cash, inventory, receivables, payables, and day-to-day operational requirements. - [ENTANGLED THREADS: FORGING DATA PRIVACY, CYBERSECURITY, AND AI GOVERNANCE IN INDIA'S ALGORITHMIC FRONTIER](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/entangled-threads-forging-data-privacy-cybersecurity-and-ai-governance-in-indias-algorithmic-frontier/): ENTANGLED THREADS: FORGING DATA PRIVACY, CYBERSECURITY, AND AI GOVERNANCE IN INDIA'S ALGORITHMIC FRONTIER Viraj Tupe, 2nd Semester LLB Student at MGM University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.16 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has developed at a very fast rate, and this has significantly changed the way governance, commerce, healthcare, and judicial administration in India take place. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has developed at a very fast rate, and this has significantly changed the way governance, commerce, healthcare, and judicial administration in India take place. Although AI-powered technologies are likely to provide organizations with efficiency, innovation, and economic benefits, they also give rise to sophisticated legal issues related to data privacy, cybersecurity, and regulatory responsibility. - [CRIMINAL ATTRIBUTES EMERGING FROM CRIME MAPPING: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/criminal-attributes-emerging-from-crime-mapping-a-human-rights-perspective/): CRIMINAL ATTRIBUTES EMERGING FROM CRIME MAPPING: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE Sri Meena S, 4th semester B. A. L. L. B Student at government law college, Madurai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.15 In the 21st century, the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) on employment, public services, surveillance significantly developed the socio-economic landscape. At the International level, cases In the 21st century, the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) on employment, public services, surveillance significantly developed the socio-economic landscape. At the International level, cases such as the Dutch child benefits scandal and the use of the crime mapping in U.S. courts reveal serious governance failures in algorithmic decision-making. - [AI AND LIABILITY IN LEGAL SYSTEMS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/ai-and-liability-in-legal-systems/): AI AND LIABILITY IN LEGAL SYSTEMS Jinal Suresh Thakur, 3rd Semester, LL.M (Business Law), Student at KES' Shri Jayantilal H. Patel Law College, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.14 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the functioning of legal systems by assisting in legal research, document review, predictive analysis, administrative decision-making, and other professional tasks. While these Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the functioning of legal systems by assisting in legal research, document review, predictive analysis, administrative decision-making, and other professional tasks. While these technologies improve efficiency, reduce costs, and support faster decision-making, they also raise complex questions of legal accountability when an AI system causes harm. - [ALGORITHMS OPERATE AS CRIMINAL ARCHITECTS: EXAMINING THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF AI-ENABLED ORGANIZED CRIME](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/algorithms-operate-as-criminal-architects-examining-the-legal-and-ethical-dilemmas-of-ai-enabled-organized-crime/): ALGORITHMS OPERATE AS CRIMINAL ARCHITECTS: EXAMINING THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF AI-ENABLED ORGANIZED CRIME Gurjit Kaur, 1st Year,LL.M. (Criminal Law) Student at Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, Punjab (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.13 As technology advances, particularly in the area of artificial intelligence, organised crime has grown to be one of the world’s most As technology advances, particularly in the area of artificial intelligence, organised crime has grown to be one of the world's most urgent problems, impacting many nations. Due to the internet's worldwide accessibility, illicit activity has been on the rise in the digital society. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) poses a serious risk to the public and has led to an increase in organised crime. - [LAW IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI): A FUNDAMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: AI AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/law-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-a-fundamental-perspective-ai-and-human-rights-protection/): LAW IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI): A FUNDAMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: AI AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION Dhrishti Haresh Bhindora, SYLLM ,3rd Semester, Business Law,Jayantilal H. Patel College of Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.12 The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence has significantly influenced legal systems worldwide, reshaping social structures and legal processes. Over the past two The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence has significantly influenced legal systems worldwide, reshaping social structures and legal processes. Over the past two decades, Artificial Intelligence based technologies have been adopted in legal research, judicial administration, governance, surveillance, welfare delivery, and automated decision-making, directly affecting individual rights and obligations. - [REIMAGINING PANCH WITNESSES IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/reimagining-panch-witnesses-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence-opportunities-and-challenges/): REIMAGINING PANCH WITNESSES IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Aabha Jain, 3rd Year ,PhD Research Scholar at Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University, Visakhapatnam (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.11 The institution of the panch witness occupies a significant place in Indian criminal procedure, functioning as a human-centric procedural safeguard intended to ensure transparency, fairness, The institution of the panch witness occupies a significant place in Indian criminal procedure, functioning as a human-centric procedural safeguard intended to ensure transparency, fairness, and credibility during searches, seizures, and other investigative acts. Despite its normative importance, the practical operation of the panch witness system has been consistently questioned due to concerns relating to availability, independence, procedural formalism, and post facto reconstruction of investigative steps. - [AI ALCHEMY: FORGING SMART CONTRACTS IN THE FUTURE OF COMMERCIAL LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/ai-alchemy-forging-smart-contracts-in-the-future-of-commercial-law/): AI ALCHEMY: FORGING SMART CONTRACTS IN THE FUTURE OF COMMERCIAL LAW Tvisha Mitesh Rathod, 6th Semester B.A.LL.B. Student at Lords Universal College of Law, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.10 A new commercial transaction formation method is evolving as a result of DLT and AI growth, replacing the traditional bilateral contract formation procedure with smart contracts A new commercial transaction formation method is evolving as a result of DLT and AI growth, replacing the traditional bilateral contract formation procedure with smart contracts that automatically execute upon meeting the predetermined conditions. This study explores whether these technologies are legally valid under the Indian Commercial Laws. - [PUBLIC-SECTOR AI FACE SURVEILLANCE AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS: INDIA IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/05/public-sector-ai-face-surveillance-and-fundamental-rights-india-in-comparative-perspective/): PUBLIC-SECTOR AI FACE SURVEILLANCE AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS: INDIA IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Priyanshu Upadhyay, 10th Semester B.A.LL.B Student at CMP Degree College (University Of Allahabad), Prayagraj (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.09 Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) is rapidly transforming surveillance and law-enforcement practices by converting the human face from a biological attribute into a searchable digital identifier. This Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) is rapidly transforming surveillance and law-enforcement practices by converting the human face from a biological attribute into a searchable digital identifier. This paper examines the legal tension between public-sector use of FRT and the protection of fundamental rights in India, where identification capacities have developed faster than the legal framework governing them. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/04/artificial-intelligence-and-human-rights-protection/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION Ms. Neelam Ajay Padwad, SYLLM Student at KES' Shri. Jayantilal Patel Law College at Mumbai University, Mumbai, Maharashtra (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.07 The term “Artificial Intelligence” (AI) coined in the 1950s is now decades later becoming a part & parcel of our “Natural world”. It is a transformative technological The term “Artificial Intelligence” (AI) coined in the 1950s is now decades later becoming a part & parcel of our “Natural world”. It is a transformative technological force shaping both our public & private spectrums worldwide. The seamless integration of AI is a blessing and boon at same time in terms of enhanced governance, medical care, crime surveillance but challenging in terms of individual freedom, societal norms and human rights. - [AI AND RIGHTS OF THE CHILD: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIAN LAWS IN PREVENTING MALICIOUS USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE SCOPE FOR AI-BASED CHILD PROTECTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/04/ai-and-rights-of-the-child-assessing-the-effectiveness-of-indian-laws-in-preventing-malicious-use-of-artificial-intelligence-and-the-scope-for-ai-based-child-protection/): AI AND RIGHTS OF THE CHILD: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIAN LAWS IN PREVENTING MALICIOUS USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE SCOPE FOR AI-BASED CHILD PROTECTION Sneha Pandey, 3rd Semester, LLM in Business Law, student at KES' Shri Jayatilal H. Patel Law College, Independent Advocate practicing on criminal side at Bombay High Court and Metropolitan Artificial Intelligence is 21st century’s equivalent of nuclear technology. For this prime and unreplaceable asset, the humankind has enrolled itself in the never-ending race to secure the highest position in the field of Artificial Intelligence technology. However, history remains the prime witness to the fact that every time the human race has chased its obsession to run after unsustainable development, the marginal sections have had to pay the price in some way or the other. - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ISSUES IN AI-DRIVEN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: OWNERSHIP OF AI-GENERATED NETWORK DESIGNS AND ALGORITHMS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/04/intellectual-property-issues-in-ai-driven-wireless-communication-systems-ownership-of-ai-generated-network-designs-and-algorithms/): INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ISSUES IN AI-DRIVEN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: OWNERSHIP OF AI-GENERATED NETWORK DESIGNS AND ALGORITHMS Kabita Hazarika, LL.M Student, Apex Professional University, Arunachal Pradesh (India) Bhargabjyoti Saikia, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, DUIET, Dibrugarh University, Assam (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.05 Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a common practice in contemporary wireless communication systems to facilitate Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a common practice in contemporary wireless communication systems to facilitate automated network design and optimisation. The AI methods are deployed in 5G and 6G networks to produce algorithms for resource allocation, MIMO system beamforming, spectrum sharing, and self-optimising networks. These AI systems do not need much human intervention to create new strategies and network behaviours, unlike conventional rule-based methods, and are trained on network data. - [AI AND ETHICS: RESPONSIBLE AI (RAI)](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/04/ai-and-ethics-responsible-ai-rai/): AI AND ETHICS: RESPONSIBLE AI (RAI) Nidhi Verma, Research Scholar,Department of Law, University of Allahabad (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.04 The accelerated convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the realm of laws, governance, and the justice system has reinforced the demand for related guidelines for responsible, ethical, and just AI use. As AI ethics have become The accelerated convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the realm of laws, governance, and the justice system has reinforced the demand for related guidelines for responsible, ethical, and just AI use. As AI ethics have become a normative tradition addressing values of justice, fairness, and accountability on one side, the notion of Responsible AI (RAI) aims at making these ethical norms functional practices, standards, or mechanisms of governance. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TRADEMARK LAW IN INDIA: A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF EMERGING LEGAL CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/04/artificial-intelligence-and-trademark-law-in-india-a-doctrinal-analysis-of-emerging-legal-challenges/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TRADEMARK LAW IN INDIA: A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF EMERGING LEGAL CHALLENGES Adv. Sanjana Prajapati, 3rd Semester L.L.M Student at Mumbai University, Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.03 Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly altered the landscape of commercial branding by influencing how trademarks are conceptualized, marketed, and safeguarded in digital environments. Organizations now make Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly altered the landscape of commercial branding by influencing how trademarks are conceptualized, marketed, and safeguarded in digital environments. Organizations now make extensive use of AI based technologies for developing brand identities, designing visual marks, implementing data-driven advertising strategies, and enhancing consumer interaction. - [DIGITAL AFTERLIVES OF ASPIRING ACTORS IN THE AGE OF GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/04/digital-afterlives-of-aspiring-actors-in-the-age-of-generative-artificial-intelligence/): DIGITAL AFTERLIVES OF ASPIRING ACTORS IN THE AGE OF GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Ishpreet Singh, Research Scholar at Himachal Pradesh National Law University Shimla (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.02 By making it possible to extract and repurpose human performances outside of their original context, generative artificial intelligence has radically changed the lifecycle of creative expression. This study By making it possible to extract and repurpose human performances outside of their original context, generative artificial intelligence has radically changed the lifecycle of creative expression. This study explores the mostly undetectable phenomena of aspiring actors' digital afterlives, concentrating on poor performances, erased show reels, and rejected auditions that are nonetheless used as training data by AI systems. - [DIGITAL IDENTITY PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF AI AND DEEPFAKES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/04/digital-identity-protection-in-the-era-of-ai-and-deepfakes/): DIGITAL IDENTITY PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF AI AND DEEPFAKES Adv. Nivedita Pandey, 3rd Semester, LLM in Intellectual Property Rights, student at KES' Shri Jayatilal H. Patel Law College, Independent Advocate practicing at Bombay High Court and Metropolitan Magistrates courts in Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v4sil.01 In a world heading towards a growing trend in In a world heading towards a growing trend in obligation to have an online presence whether for the purpose of business or being a professional influencer, a sudden spike in cyber-crimes related to data identity theft with the aid of AI and Deepfakes have become prevalent. Identity of a person is attached to their reputation and dignity in the society, however, this element of a person’s being is being blatantly tarnished for selfish motives by certain individuals. - [NATIONAL SECURITY, ANTI-TERROR LEGISLATION & HUMAN RIGHTS: A CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS OF INDIA’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/01/national-security-anti-terror-legislation-human-rights-a-contemporary-analysis-of-indias-legal-framework/): NATIONAL SECURITY, ANTI-TERROR LEGISLATION & HUMAN RIGHTS: A CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS OF INDIA’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK Himanshu Tiwari, PhD Research Scholar Dharmashastra National Law University Jabalpur MP (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.304 The coexistence of national security imperatives and the protection of fundamental human rights have long posed a constitutional dilemma in India. This paper critically examines the The coexistence of national security imperatives and the protection of fundamental human rights have long posed a constitutional dilemma in India. This paper critically examines the trajectory of India’s counterterrorism framework from the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) and the Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) to the present Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) to assess its conformity with the due process model envisaged under Articles 20 to 22 of the Constitution. - [CRYPTOCURRENCIES AS CHOSES IN ACTION: THE UMBRELLA AGREEMENT MODEL UNDER INDIAN AND COMMON LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/01/cryptocurrencies-as-choses-in-action-the-umbrella-agreement-model-under-indian-and-common-law/): CRYPTOCURRENCIES AS CHOSES IN ACTION: THE UMBRELLA AGREEMENT MODEL UNDER INDIAN AND COMMON LAW Mikhail Alekseevich Uspenskiy, 2nd year ,Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Law, Specialization 5.1.3 - Private Law (Civil Law) Studies, State Academic University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation (India) Chander Mohan Gupta, Phd Prestige institute of management and research Indore (India) Advocate Most of the research done so far has failed to recognize the specific legal nature of the Bitcoin protocol. This paper argues that as per the Indian Contract Act 1872 the Bitcoin’s protocol should be seen as an umbrella agreement: that is essentially a framework through which a set of organizational obligations can be generated by conduct. - [PROTECTION OF MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS THROUGH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/09/01/protection-of-minority-shareholders-through-corporate-governance-reforms-a-critical-analysis/): PROTECTION OF MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS THROUGH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Parveen Kumar, Advocate registered in bar council of Haryana and Punjab Chandigarh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.302 This paper aims to discuss the protection of minority shareholders in India, mainly through the prism of corporate governance reforms. The Companies Act 2013 and current corporate governance This paper aims to discuss the protection of minority shareholders in India, mainly through the prism of corporate governance reforms. The Companies Act 2013 and current corporate governance rules and regulations will be examined to identify mechanisms and remedies for the oppression and mismanagement of minority shareholders. Particular attention will be paid to the provisions of the Companies Act 2013, namely Sections 241-246, the requirements for a petition under Section 244, and the reliefs available from the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) under Section 245. - [ROLE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/31/role-of-forensic-science-in-criminal-investigation-in-india/): ROLE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION IN INDIA Priya Anand, B.A.LL.B (H), 2026, 7th semester, Amity law school, Amity University, Patna (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.301 The word forensic means the connection to the law and courts as it is connected with several branches which help to find suspects and accused persons related to crime. The word forensic means the connection to the law and courts as it is connected with several branches which help to find suspects and accused persons related to crime. Forensic science not only control the crime but completely provide support in criminal investigation to provide the fair justice in Indian legal system, the forensic science has been used from decades that is from colonial period of British, but it still required implementation as it faces so many problems. - [DEAL CERTAINTY REVISITED: MAC CLAUSES AND THE SPECIFIC RELIEF (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2018 IN INDIAN M&A](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/29/deal-certainty-revisited-mac-clauses-and-the-specific-relief-amendment-act-2018-in-indian-ma/): DEAL CERTAINTY REVISITED: MAC CLAUSES AND THE SPECIFIC RELIEF (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2018 IN INDIAN M&A Harsh Raj, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Final Year, Gitarattan International Business School, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi (India) Sonia Arora, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Final Year, Gitarattan International Business School, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi (India) Indian scholarship on merger and acquisition practice has generally treated Material Adverse Change clauses and the Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018 as separate conversations: the former a matter of transactional drafting and the latter a matter of general contract remedies. This paper argues that the two are connected in a way the existing literature has not mapped and develops that connection through doctrinal analysis of Indian and, by way of comparison, Delaware authority. - [RE-EVALUATING THE MANDATORY THREE-YEAR BAR PRACTICE RULE FOR LOWER JUDICIAL SERVICE IN INDIA: A SOCIO-LEGAL AND POLICY ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/29/re-evaluating-the-mandatory-three-year-bar-practice-rule-for-lower-judicial-service-in-india-a-socio-legal-and-policy-analysis/): RE-EVALUATING THE MANDATORY THREE-YEAR BAR PRACTICE RULE FOR LOWER JUDICIAL SERVICE IN INDIA: A SOCIO-LEGAL AND POLICY ANALYSIS Madhur Kukreja, Advocate, District Court Karnal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.299 In May 2025, a three-judge Bench of the Supreme Court of India in All India Judges Association v. Union of India restored the mandatory requirement of three In May 2025, a three-judge Bench of the Supreme Court of India in All India Judges Association v. Union of India restored the mandatory requirement of three years of active practice at the Bar (or judicial clerkship) as an essential prerequisite for appearing in the Civil Judge (Junior Division) competitive examinations. This decision overturned the long-standing 2002 precedent (AIJA II) that had permitted fresh law graduates to directly enter the subordinate judiciary. - [THE MICRO-MONOPOLY BLINDSPOT: DECENTRALIZING INDIAN ANTITRUST LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/28/the-micro-monopoly-blindspot-decentralizing-indian-antitrust-law/): THE MICRO-MONOPOLY BLINDSPOT: DECENTRALIZING INDIAN ANTITRUST LAW Jaiverdhan Singh, LLB(Hons.); 3rd Year; Amity Law School, Noida (India) Aditi Maheshwari, LLB(Hons.); 3rd Year; Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.298 As India marches toward its vision of a Viksit Bharat by 2047, the state has increasingly relied on grassroots entrepreneurship and Micro, Small, and Medium As India marches toward its vision of a Viksit Bharat by 2047, the state has increasingly relied on grassroots entrepreneurship and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as the primary engines for national economic growth. However, this intended pipeline of scaling businesses is currently served at the district level. - [COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PATERNITY LEAVE POLICIES: LEGAL DESIGN, GENDER EQUALITY, AND LABOUR-MARKET IMPLICATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/28/comparative-analysis-of-paternity-leave-policies-legal-design-gender-equality-and-labour-market-implications/): COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PATERNITY LEAVE POLICIES: LEGAL DESIGN, GENDER EQUALITY, AND LABOUR-MARKET IMPLICATIONS Jassica Mehra, 4th year, 7th semester student pursuing BBA LLB at Manav Rachna University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.297 “Imagine a world where a new dads can spend quality time with their newborns without worrying about the work.” A comparative method of study “Imagine a world where a new dads can spend quality time with their newborns without worrying about the work.” A comparative method of study of laws is adopted by various nations across the globe to improve and amend laws. One such area that need to be highlighted is paternity leave. The objective of this paper is to provide the clear understanding of the comparative analysis of paternity leave policies worldwide. Paternity leaves policies vary significantly across the globe, reflecting diverse cultural, economic, and legislative approaches to parental responsibilities. - [BEYOND FIXED CATEGORIES: DYNAMIC AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, INDIVIDUAL MOBILITY AND THE PROGRESSIVE ANNIHILATION OF CASTE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/28/beyond-fixed-categories-dynamic-affirmative-action-individual-mobility-and-the-progressive-annihilation-of-caste-in-india/): BEYOND FIXED CATEGORIES: DYNAMIC AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, INDIVIDUAL MOBILITY AND THE PROGRESSIVE ANNIHILATION OF CASTE IN INDIA Bonigala Ashok Mourya, LLM, DSNLU,Vishakhapatnam, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.296 India has one of the most extensive affirmative-action programmes in the world. Reservation developed as a constitutional response to deeply rooted caste-based exclusion and continuing inequalities in education, employment and India has one of the most extensive affirmative-action programmes in the world. Reservation developed as a constitutional response to deeply rooted caste-based exclusion and continuing inequalities in education, employment and social life. Its purpose is based on substantive equality, because treating everyone the same on paper does little when people begin from unequal social positions. - [BEYOND THE CORPORATE VEIL: REASSESSING DIRECTOR AND KEY MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL LIABILITY FOR CORPORATE MISCONDUCT IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/28/beyond-the-corporate-veil-reassessing-director-and-key-managerial-personnel-liability-for-corporate-misconduct-in-india/): BEYOND THE CORPORATE VEIL: REASSESSING DIRECTOR AND KEY MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL LIABILITY FOR CORPORATE MISCONDUCT IN INDIA Harsh Raj, 5th Year, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Gitarattan International Business School, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.295 Indian company law imposes liability on directors and key managerial personnel through at least four distinct doctrinal Indian company law imposes liability on directors and key managerial personnel through at least four distinct doctrinal routes, each resting on a different theory of culpability and each triggered by a different statute. The Companies Act, 2013 attaches civil and quasi-criminal consequences to the “officer who is in default”, a status that can arise from formal designation almost independently of actual involvement in wrongdoing. - [BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP TRANSPARENCY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA'S SIGNIFICANT BENEFICIAL OWNER REGIME AND THE UNITED KINGDOM'S PERSONS WITH SIGNIFICANT CONTROL REGISTER](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/28/beneficial-ownership-transparency-a-comparative-analysis-of-indias-significant-beneficial-owner-regime-and-the-united-kingdoms-persons-with-significant-control-register/): BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP TRANSPARENCY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA'S SIGNIFICANT BENEFICIAL OWNER REGIME AND THE UNITED KINGDOM'S PERSONS WITH SIGNIFICANT CONTROL REGISTER Vanshika Jain, Final Year , Student pursuing law (LLB) at Lancaster University Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.294 India’s Significant Beneficial Owner (SBO) regime and the United Kingdom’s Persons with Significant Control (PSC) register share a common India’s Significant Beneficial Owner (SBO) regime and the United Kingdom’s Persons with Significant Control (PSC) register share a common foundation in the Financial Action Task Force’s standards on beneficial ownership transparency, yet they diverge materially in relation to disclosure thresholds, verification design and enforcement practice. - [DEATH OF THE FAST TRACK: WHAT THE REMOVAL OF FAST-TRACK INSOLVENCY MEANS FOR MSME DISTRESS RESOLUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/28/death-of-the-fast-track-what-the-removal-of-fast-track-insolvency-means-for-msme-distress-resolution/): DEATH OF THE FAST TRACK: WHAT THE REMOVAL OF FAST-TRACK INSOLVENCY MEANS FOR MSME DISTRESS RESOLUTION Rudraksh Anand, 2nd year Student pursuing LLM in Insolvency and Bankruptcy Laws course at NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad (India) Saniya Mishra, 2nd year Student pursuing LLM in Insolvency and Bankruptcy Laws course at NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad As the competition in the market is rapidly growing, the contribution of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector in employment sector is striking in the Indian’s economy. But due to rapid increase in this sector, they usually face financial distress due to fluctuation in the market, late payments, increasing operating expenses and issues with credit availability. Therefore, to rescue these distressed MSMEs, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 plays a major role. - [BALANCING RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND SECULARISM UNDER THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/27/balancing-religious-freedom-and-secularism-under-the-indian-constitution/): BALANCING RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND SECULARISM UNDER THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION Jaishree Dabi, 4th year, B.A.LL.B.(Hons.) University Five Year Law College, University of Rajasthan (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.292 India is a religiously diverse country with a constitutional democracy that accommodates a wide range of faiths, beliefs, and cultural customs. Because of this diversity, the State has a India is a religiously diverse country with a constitutional democracy that accommodates a wide range of faiths, beliefs, and cultural customs. Because of this diversity, the State has a major obligation to uphold equality, social peace, and the rights of minority communities while safeguarding religious freedom. Articles 25 to 28 of the Constitution ensure freedom of religion in order to accommodate such pluralism, while the larger constitutional framework, which is strengthened by secularism as a component of the fundamental structure, aims to preserve equality, fraternity, and national unity. - [REGULATING AI MONOPOLIES IN CRIME DETECTION MECHANISM](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/27/regulating-ai-monopolies-in-crime-detection-mechanism/): REGULATING AI MONOPOLIES IN CRIME DETECTION MECHANISM Diana Das, 3rd Year, 6th Semester, 3 Years LL.B. (2023-2026), National Law University Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.291 Artificial Intelligence is increasingly being integrated into crime detection through predictive policing, facial recognition, crime-mapping, cyber-surveillance and financial fraud detection systems. While these technologies may enhance efficiency, speed and pattern Artificial Intelligence is increasingly being integrated into crime detection through predictive policing, facial recognition, crime-mapping, cyber-surveillance and financial fraud detection systems. While these technologies may enhance efficiency, speed and pattern recognition in law enforcement, their concentration in the hands of the State and a limited number of private technology vendors creates a distinct form of “AI monopoly” in criminal justice. This paper examines AI monopoly not merely as economic market dominance, but as functional control over data, algorithms and institutional policing infrastructure. - [THE DOCTRINAL OBSOLESCENCE OF TRADITIONAL EVIDENTIARY STANDARDS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/27/the-doctrinal-obsolescence-of-traditional-evidentiary-standards/): THE DOCTRINAL OBSOLESCENCE OF TRADITIONAL EVIDENTIARY STANDARDS Kushal Manish Jain, Student at National Forensic Sciences University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.290 Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of Large Language Models (LLM) and latent diffusion image generators, has caused an intricate structural crisis in international copyright law. In particular, this crisis concerns with the unauthorized Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of Large Language Models (LLM) and latent diffusion image generators, has caused an intricate structural crisis in international copyright law. In particular, this crisis concerns with the unauthorized ingestion, reproduction and synthesis of protected works for machine learning training. The first challenge, evidentiary burden of proof, is a formidable obstacle in enforcing the rights of AI developers with respect to procedural IP considerations. - [JURISTIC PERSONHOOD OF RIVERS IN INDIA: A CASE ANALYSIS OF SIVANUPANDIAN v. DISTRICT COLLECTOR, TIRUNELVELI](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/27/juristic-personhood-of-rivers-in-india-a-case-analysis-of-sivanupandian-v-district-collector-tirunelveli/): JURISTIC PERSONHOOD OF RIVERS IN INDIA: A CASE ANALYSIS OF SIVANUPANDIAN v. DISTRICT COLLECTOR, TIRUNELVELI Giftson. J. S, 4th Year B.A. LL.B., Student at Government Law College, Theni (affiliated to Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.289 This case analysis examines Sivanupandian v. District Collector, Tirunelveli, an order of the Madurai Bench This case analysis examines Sivanupandian v. District Collector, Tirunelveli, an order of the Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court concerning pollution of the river Tamirabarani. The pollution arose from a widespread local practice of disposing of the clothes and ash of deceased relatives at the river's bathing ghats. What began as a petition relating to an encroachment eviction developed into a broader inquiry into the protection of the river, with the Court invoking the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Tamil Nadu Public Health Act, 1939 to restrain the pollution. - [THE CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE OF ARREST IN INDIA: FROM THE POWER AND NECESSITY OF ARREST TO THE RIGHT TO KNOW THE GROUNDS OF ARREST](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/17/the-constitutional-jurisprudence-of-arrest-in-india-from-the-power-and-necessity-of-arrest-to-the-right-to-know-the-grounds-of-arrest/): THE CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE OF ARREST IN INDIA: FROM THE POWER AND NECESSITY OF ARREST TO THE RIGHT TO KNOW THE GROUNDS OF ARREST Adv. Rajendra Kedge, Practising in Bombay High Court / other High Courts and Supreme Court, (India) Adv. Sunil Yadav, Practising in Bombay High Court / other High Courts and Supreme Court, (India) Arrest is among the most intrusive powers exercised by the State against the individual. Though legally distinct from guilt, arrest often produces consequences that extend beyond the criminal process, including reputational injury, social stigma, loss of employment, and impairment of personal and family relationships. These consequences become especially grave where proceedings ultimately end in discharge, acquittal, or exoneration. - [FROM ADR TO ODR: EXAMINING ONLINE ARBITRATION, LEGAL CHALLENGES, AND DATA PROTECTION CONCERNS IN THE DIGITAL ERA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/17/from-adr-to-odr-examining-online-arbitration-legal-challenges-and-data-protection-concerns-in-the-digital-era/): FROM ADR TO ODR: EXAMINING ONLINE ARBITRATION, LEGAL CHALLENGES, AND DATA PROTECTION CONCERNS IN THE DIGITAL ERA Shruchi Prasad, 4th year BA.LLB. (Hons.) Student, Christ (Deemed to be University), Delhi NCR (India) Prerna Kumari, 4th year BA.LLB. (Hons.) Student, Christ (Deemed to be University), Delhi NCR (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.287 “When will mankind be convinced “When will mankind be convinced and agree to settle their difficulties by arbitration?” by Benjamin Franklin. ODR websites have become an unavoidable tool within the modern online environment, as it is necessitated to enable risky conflict management within the online business and international transactions setting. ODR combines the classical Alternative Disputes Resolution (ADR) practices such as arbitration, mediation and negotiation with high-tech innovation. - [DEEPFAKES AND GENERATIVE AI IN INDIA: RETHINKING THE LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITAL GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/17/deepfakes-and-generative-ai-in-india-rethinking-the-legal-and-constitutional-framework-for-digital-governance/): DEEPFAKES AND GENERATIVE AI IN INDIA: RETHINKING THE LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITAL GOVERNANCE Omkar Acharya, LLM, 2nd Semester,Fakir Mohan University, PG Department of Law, Odisha, (India) Shibanee Acharya, LLM, 2nd Semester,Fakir Mohan University, PG Department of Law, Odisha, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.286 The rapid development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed digital The rapid development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed digital innovation while raising complex legal and constitutional concerns. Among its most disruptive manifestations is deepfake technology, which enables the creation of realistic synthetic audio, video and images capable of blurring the distinction between fact and fabrication. - [LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION FOR CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL COMMERCIAL JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/17/legal-framework-in-online-dispute-resolution-for-corporate-governance-a-comparative-study-of-india-and-the-united-states-in-the-era-of-digital-commercial-justice/): LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION FOR CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL COMMERCIAL JUSTICE Rahul Basak, 1st Year,LL.B Student of Amity University Kolkata, (India) Saptarnab Basu, 1st Year, LL B Student of Amity University Kolkata, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.285 This research examines Online Dispute This research examines Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) as an emerging mechanism for transforming corporate and commercial dispute resolution and strengthening corporate governance in digitally enabled markets. It undertakes a comparative legal study of India and the United States to assess whether ODR can deliver faster, more cost-effective, and legally enforceable outcomes for shareholders, investors, creditors, companies, and other stakeholders while preserving procedural fairness, transparency, confidentiality, and data security. - [INSTITUTIONALIZING ARBITRATION IN INDIA: FROM AD HOC TO INSTITUTIONAL GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/17/institutionalizing-arbitration-in-india-from-ad-hoc-to-institutional-governance/): INSTITUTIONALIZING ARBITRATION IN INDIA: FROM AD HOC TO INSTITUTIONAL GOVERNANCE Afreen Afshar Alam, Ph.D. Scholar, Indian Law Institute (Deemed University), New Delhi (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.284 Over the past few decades, arbitration in India has largely operated in an ad hoc form. While this model is meant to preserve party autonomy, its application has often Over the past few decades, arbitration in India has largely operated in an ad hoc form. While this model is meant to preserve party autonomy, its application has often led to uneven procedures, increasing costs, and repeated court intervention. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 sought to bring Indian law in line with the UNCITRAL Model Law and to limit judicial oversight. - [HUMAN RIGHTS AND ADR MECHANISMS: INNOVATIVE PATHWAYS FROM TRADITION TO TRANSFORMATION IN THE GLOBAL JUSTICE SYSTEM](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/17/human-rights-and-adr-mechanisms-innovative-pathways-from-tradition-to-transformation-in-the-global-justice-system/): HUMAN RIGHTS AND ADR MECHANISMS: INNOVATIVE PATHWAYS FROM TRADITION TO TRANSFORMATION IN THE GLOBAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Zainul Sajdeen, 7th Semester B.ALL.B Student at Jamia Millia Islamia University , New Delhi , (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.283 In the age of increasing global challenges, resolving disputes through traditional court procedures is often lengthy, expensive, and procedurally complex. In the age of increasing global challenges, resolving disputes through traditional court procedures is often lengthy, expensive, and procedurally complex. In today’s highly competitive environment, both nations and individuals endeavour to secure justice, rights, and remedies through effective institutional mechanisms. This has led to numerous disputes and caused instability worldwide, whether in the Russia-Ukraine war or the Palestine-Israel conflict. - [ANALYSING THE PREVALENT ISSUES ON ARBITRABILITY OF DISPUTES IN INDIA AND LIMITED JUDICIAL INTERVENTION: EMERGING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/17/analysing-the-prevalent-issues-on-arbitrability-of-disputes-in-india-and-limited-judicial-intervention-emerging-issues-and-challenges/): ANALYSING THE PREVALENT ISSUES ON ARBITRABILITY OF DISPUTES IN INDIA AND LIMITED JUDICIAL INTERVENTION: EMERGING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Shivani Johri, Assistant Professor, HILSR, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi (India) Prof. Dr. Tarkesh Molia, Professor, Sharda University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.282 Arbitration in India has developed as an important alternative to traditional litigation, particularly in Arbitration in India has developed as an important alternative to traditional litigation, particularly in commercial disputes where delay, procedural complexity and judicial backlog remain serious concerns. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 seeks to promote party autonomy, procedural efficiency, finality of arbitral awards and minimal judicial intervention. - [REIMAGINING PATENT JUSTICE: TRANSFORMING INDIA’S INNOVATION DISPUTES THROUGH SPECIALIZED ADR](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/17/reimagining-patent-justice-transforming-indias-innovation-disputes-through-specialized-adr/): REIMAGINING PATENT JUSTICE: TRANSFORMING INDIA’S INNOVATION DISPUTES THROUGH SPECIALIZED ADR Harsh Pandey, 4th Year BA LLB Students, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Delhi NCR (India) Shubhangi Joshi, 4th Year BA LLB Students, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Delhi NCR (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.281 The expansion of the innovation driven industries in India, particularly in the The expansion of the innovation driven industries in India, particularly in the pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, telecommunications and standard essential patents (SEPs) which led to a significant rise in the complex patent disputes. While statutory remedies exist under the Patents Act, 1970 and through commercial courts, patent litigation in India continues to face structural challenges including prolonged timelines, high costs, technical intricacy and multi- jurisdictional enforcement concerns. - [VALIDITY OF EXCLUSIONARY CLAUSES IN INDIAN GOVERNMENT WORKS CONTRACTS: INTEREST, COMPENSATION AND EMPLOYER-CAUSED DELAY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/17/validity-of-exclusionary-clauses-in-indian-government-works-contracts-interest-compensation-and-employer-caused-delay/): VALIDITY OF EXCLUSIONARY CLAUSES IN INDIAN GOVERNMENT WORKS CONTRACTS: INTEREST, COMPENSATION AND EMPLOYER-CAUSED DELAY Satharasi Vasudeva Naidu, Professor & Former Principal, University Law College and Department of Studies in Law, Bangalore University, (India) Prof. Dr. N. Dasharath, Professor & Former Principal, University Law College and Department of Studies in Law, Bangalore University, (India) Download Manuscript Indian Government construction contracts frequently contain non-negotiable clauses that restrict claims for interest on amounts withheld and deny compensation for delays covered by extensions of time. Such clauses are commonly found in standard-form contracts used by public agencies such as the Indian Railways, NHAI, KPWD and K-RIDE, and are generally defended on the basis of freedom of contract. - [INTEGRATING DARUL QAZA AS COMMUNITY-BASED PRIVATE MEDIATION CENTERS WITHIN INDIA’S ADR FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/17/integrating-darul-qaza-as-community-based-private-mediation-centers-within-indias-adr-framework/): INTEGRATING DARUL QAZA AS COMMUNITY-BASED PRIVATE MEDIATION CENTERS WITHIN INDIA’S ADR FRAMEWORK Imran Ullah Khan, Research Scholar at Faculty of Law, Integral University, Lucknow, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.279 A renewed push for Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in India has revived interest in traditional, indigenous and community-based mechanisms of dispute resolution. Darul Qaza represents a historically A renewed push for Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in India has revived interest in traditional, indigenous and community-based mechanisms of dispute resolution. Darul Qaza represents a historically rooted institution within the Muslim community aimed at resolving matrimonial, family, community and civil disputes through principles grounded in Islamic jurisprudence. - [PROTECTING LIBERIA'S CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: NATIONAL SECURITY LESSONS FROM THE ROBERTS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT CCTV FOOTAGE INCIDENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/16/protecting-liberias-critical-infrastructure-in-the-digital-age-national-security-lessons-from-the-roberts-international-airport-cctv-footage-incident/): PROTECTING LIBERIA'S CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: NATIONAL SECURITY LESSONS FROM THE ROBERTS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT CCTV FOOTAGE INCIDENT Dr. Ambrues Monboe Nebo (Doctor of Sociology), Adjunct Faculty, Department of Criminal Justice and Forensic Science Program, African Methodist Episcopal University, Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa Professor Edward Lama Wonkeryor, Ph.D., Professor -Graduate School, Stella Maris Polytechnic This study examines the protection of critical infrastructure in Liberia’s digital security environment, using the US$19.2 million cocaine seizure at Roberts International Airport (RIA) and the subsequent CCTV footage controversy as a focal case. The study examines the national security implications of vulnerabilities in surveillance systems, digital information governance, and institutional safeguards within Liberia’s critical infrastructure architecture. - [IDENTITY WITHOUT ACCOUNTABILITY: RETHINKING THIRD-PARTY FUNDING REGULATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/16/identity-without-accountability-rethinking-third-party-funding-regulation/): IDENTITY WITHOUT ACCOUNTABILITY: RETHINKING THIRD-PARTY FUNDING REGULATION Nidhi Choube, 8th Semester, 4th year, BBALLB (Hons.) Student at GD Goenka University, (India) Somya Shrita, 4th Semester, 2nd year, LLB (Hons.) Student at GD Goenka University, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.277 Third-party funding (TPF) has moved from the margins to the mainstream of cross-border corporate arbitration, gradually reshaping Third-party funding (TPF) has moved from the margins to the mainstream of cross-border corporate arbitration, gradually reshaping the allocation of power in high-value disputes. However, the existing regulatory framework remains confined to a narrow conception of transparency, largely limited to disclosure of the funder’s identity, without examining the substantive terms of funding arrangements. This paper argues that such an approach is insufficient. - [ARBITRATION AND THE COURTS IN INDIA: AREAS OF CONFLICT, JUDICIAL INTERVENTION, AND THE EVOLVING DOCTRINE OF KOMPETENZ-KOMPETENZ](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/14/arbitration-and-the-courts-in-india-areas-of-conflict-judicial-intervention-and-the-evolving-doctrine-of-kompetenz-kompetenz/): ARBITRATION AND THE COURTS IN INDIA: AREAS OF CONFLICT, JUDICIAL INTERVENTION, AND THE EVOLVING DOCTRINE OF KOMPETENZ-KOMPETENZ Adv. Mrunal Dhamale, Advocate,LL.M, (India) Adv. Shreya Inde, Advocate,LL.M, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.276 Arbitration has become a key part of India’s modern dispute-resolution policy. India’s experience with arbitration has been uniquely shaped and at times constrained by the Arbitration has become a key part of India's modern dispute-resolution policy. India's experience with arbitration has been uniquely shaped and at times constrained by the pervasive influence of courts, whose constitutional responsibility to uphold justice often conflicts with the foundational principles of arbitral independence. - [CELESTIAL SOVEREIGNTY AND THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE: A LEGAL AND ETHICAL FRAMEWORK FOR ORBITAL DEBRIS MITIGATION IN THE AGE OF AI](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/13/celestial-sovereignty-and-the-precautionary-principle-a-legal-and-ethical-framework-for-orbital-debris-mitigation-in-the-age-of-ai/): CELESTIAL SOVEREIGNTY AND THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE: A LEGAL AND ETHICAL FRAMEWORK FOR ORBITAL DEBRIS MITIGATION IN THE AGE OF AI Sukaina Mehdi, Assistant Professor at Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies - TC, affiliated to GGSIP University (India) Samreen Warsi, Assistant Professor at HILSR, Jamia Hamdard University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.275 With more satellites, observatories and With more satellites, observatories and other space assets being deployed continuously, the global space economy has expanded rapidly for technological advancement. It has also resulted in the accumulation of orbital debris, which threatens the long-term sustainability of the near-Earth orbital environment. The issue involves international space law, artificial intelligence and environmental ethics, all of which must be understood collectively to develop a robust regulatory framework for space sustainability. - [THE EVOLUTION OF NATURAL JUSTICE IN DIGITAL GOVERNANCE: CHALLENGES IN AUTOMATED ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION-MAKING](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/11/the-evolution-of-natural-justice-in-digital-governance-challenges-in-automated-administrative-decision-making/): THE EVOLUTION OF NATURAL JUSTICE IN DIGITAL GOVERNANCE: CHALLENGES IN AUTOMATED ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION-MAKING C. Justin, MA, M.Phil., M.L., Research Scholar, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.274 The increasing integration of digital technologies into public administration has fundamentally transformed the manner in which governments deliver services and make administrative decisions. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, predictive analytics and algorithm-driven The increasing integration of digital technologies into public administration has fundamentally transformed the manner in which governments deliver services and make administrative decisions. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, predictive analytics and algorithm-driven systems are now employed in areas such as taxation, welfare distribution, immigration, policing, recruitment and public service delivery. While these technological advancements have improved administrative efficiency and reduced human intervention, they have simultaneously raised significant concerns regarding transparency, accountability and procedural fairness. - [DARK PATTERNS IN E-COMMERCE: EVALUATING INDIA'S CONSUMER PROTECTION FRAMEWORK IN THE DIGITAL MARKETSPACE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/11/dark-patterns-in-e-commerce-evaluating-indias-consumer-protection-framework-in-the-digital-marketspace/): DARK PATTERNS IN E-COMMERCE: EVALUATING INDIA'S CONSUMER PROTECTION FRAMEWORK IN THE DIGITAL MARKETSPACE J Janice Vinolia, Final Year, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Saveetha School of Law, SIMATS, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.273 The rapid growth of e-commerce has transformed the way consumers purchase goods and services. Online platforms now offer convenience, competitive prices and easy access The rapid growth of e-commerce has transformed the way consumers purchase goods and services. Online platforms now offer convenience, competitive prices and easy access to a wide range of products. However, along with these advantages, many digital platforms have adopted certain website and application designs that influence or manipulate consumers into making decisions they may not have otherwise taken. - [THE PRODUCTION OF DISPOSABLE LIVES: THE MODERN REINVENTION OF HUMAN SACRIFICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/11/the-production-of-disposable-lives-the-modern-reinvention-of-human-sacrifice/): THE PRODUCTION OF DISPOSABLE LIVES: THE MODERN REINVENTION OF HUMAN SACRIFICE Mihika Shetty, Student 9th semester pursuing BA LLB at St Joseph College of Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.272 Civilization has always demanded a body. Formerly, it lived in the shadow of temples and witnessed blood soaking its stone floor in the name of gods, Civilization has always demanded a body. Formerly, it lived in the shadow of temples and witnessed blood soaking its stone floor in the name of gods, harvests, wars, and survival. It invoked violence as sacred. Now, it trembles with horror at the thought of sacrifice in ritual and believes it is far from the barbarism of ancient times. - [ADMISSIBILITY AND IRRELEVANCY OF CONFESSIONS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/11/admissibility-and-irrelevancy-of-confessions-a-critical-analysis/): ADMISSIBILITY AND IRRELEVANCY OF CONFESSIONS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Gautam Gupta, Assistant Professor of Law, Dharmashastra National Law University, Jabalpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.271 The law of confessions has a very prominent existence in the jurisprudence of evidence at the intersection of effective criminal prosecution and constitutional protection against self-incrimination. This paper makes an attempt for The law of confessions has a very prominent existence in the jurisprudence of evidence at the intersection of effective criminal prosecution and constitutional protection against self-incrimination. This paper makes an attempt for a critical examination of framework governing the relevancy, admissibility and irrelevancy of confessions under the laws governing the same. - [FROM OFFICE DESKS TO DIGITAL DESKS: A BUSINESS LAW PERSPECTIVE ON HYBRID WORK AND LABOUR LAW IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/11/from-office-desks-to-digital-desks-a-business-law-perspective-on-hybrid-work-and-labour-law-in-india/): FROM OFFICE DESKS TO DIGITAL DESKS: A BUSINESS LAW PERSPECTIVE ON HYBRID WORK AND LABOUR LAW IN INDIA K. Abitha, Pursuing LLM at Government Law College Coimbatore (Business Law) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.270 The rapid adoption of work-from-home and hybrid work arrangements has fundamentally transformed the relationship between employers and employees in India. While these The rapid adoption of work-from-home and hybrid work arrangements has fundamentally transformed the relationship between employers and employees in India. While these flexible work models have enabled businesses to maintain continuity, reduce operational costs, and enhance workforce productivity, they have also exposed significant gaps in the existing legal framework. - [ANALYSIS OF AI-ASSISTED FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY AND THE EVIDENTIARY CHALLENGES OF PROSECUTION IN POISONING CASES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/03/analysis-of-ai-assisted-forensic-toxicology-and-the-evidentiary-challenges-of-prosecution-in-poisoning-cases/): ANALYSIS OF AI-ASSISTED FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY AND THE EVIDENTIARY CHALLENGES OF PROSECUTION IN POISONING CASES Pooja S, Student at Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.269 Poisoning cases have their own evidentiary, mens rea, and causation issues to be established with reasonable certainty. These difficulties are more evident in cases concerning new psychoactive Poisoning cases have their own evidentiary, mens rea, and causation issues to be established with reasonable certainty. These difficulties are more evident in cases concerning new psychoactive substances (NPS) and herbal poisonings such as Abrus precatorius and Nerium oleander, where detection is difficult, untimely, and often inconclusive. Standard toxicological methods cannot detect new chemicals or properly quantify herbal poisonings to prove their use with the intent to kill. - [LEGAL RIGHTS OF LGBTQ+ & CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/03/legal-rights-of-lgbtq-challenges-in-the-contemporary-era/): LEGAL RIGHTS OF LGBTQ+ & CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA Dr. Komal N. Khajone, Assistant Professor, School of Law, G H Raisoni University, Amravati (India) Dr. Sandeep C. Nagarale, Professor, Swatantrya Senani Jawahrlal Darda College of Law, Yavatmal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.268 Recognition and enforcement of the rights of LGBTQIA+ individuals is setting up a Recognition and enforcement of the rights of LGBTQIA+ individuals is setting up a landmark for current constitutional and human rights debates. People who identify with the LGBTQIA+ umbrella have traditionally been marginalized and criminalized by society, and denied legal recognition of their identity, dignity and equality, and have waged a protracted struggle for equality before the law. - [BEYOND ABSOLUTISM: REASSESSING STATE IMMUNITY IN INDIAN AND INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE AGE OF COMMERCIALIZATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS ACCOUNTABILITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/03/beyond-absolutism-reassessing-state-immunity-in-indian-and-international-law-in-the-age-of-commercialization-and-human-rights-accountability/): BEYOND ABSOLUTISM: REASSESSING STATE IMMUNITY IN INDIAN AND INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE AGE OF COMMERCIALIZATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS ACCOUNTABILITY Anshika Pandey, B.A.LL.B Student at Galgotias University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.267 The doctrine of absolute state immunity is well entrenched on the principle par in parem non habet imperium and in the doctrine of sovereign inviolability, The doctrine of absolute state immunity is well entrenched on the principle par in parem non habet imperium and in the doctrine of sovereign inviolability, and is seriously under challenge from globalization, the increasing role of states in commerce and the heightened human rights scrutiny. This paper calls for a rethinking of absolute immunity in terms of sovereign acts (jure imperii) and commercial acts (jure gestionis) and provides specific exemptions for the breach of jus cogens norms. - [EFFECTIVENESS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN PROMOTING SOCIAL WELFARE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF JHARSUGUDA DISTRICT, ODISHA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/03/effectiveness-of-corporate-social-responsibility-policies-in-promoting-social-welfare-and-cultural-heritage-an-empirical-study-of-jharsuguda-district-odisha/): EFFECTIVENESS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN PROMOTING SOCIAL WELFARE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF JHARSUGUDA DISTRICT, ODISHA Khetramani Ati, Assistant Professor, P.G Department of Law, Sambalpur University, Odisha (India) Bibesmita Naik, Advocate & LLM Student at P.G Department of Law, Sambalpur University, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.266 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as an important instrument for achieving sustainable development and promoting social welfare in India. With the enactment of Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, CSR has transformed from a voluntary philanthropic activity into a statutory obligation for eligible companies. The present study examines the effectiveness of CSR policies in promoting social welfare and preserving cultural heritage in Jharsuguda District of Odisha, with special reference to the CSR initiatives undertaken by Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) and other industrial establishments. - [USE AND MISUSE OF COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA: A STUDY UNDER THE COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ACT, 1952](https://lijdlr.com/2026/08/03/use-and-misuse-of-commissions-of-inquiry-in-contemporary-india-a-study-under-the-commission-of-inquiry-act-1952/): USE AND MISUSE OF COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA: A STUDY UNDER THE COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ACT, 1952 Pooja S, Tamil Nadu Dr.Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.265 The Commissions of Inquiry Act of 1952 created a proper legal way to investigate important issues using groups of people who could find out the The Commissions of Inquiry Act of 1952 created a proper legal way to investigate important issues using groups of people who could find out the facts without being told what to think. In contemporary India, commissions are frequently constituted in response to political controversies, communal violence, administrative failures, corruption allegations, and other matters affecting public confidence in governance. - [DIGITAL SURVEILLANCE, CRIMINAL NETWORKS, AND STREET BEGGING: REVISITING MAHARASHTRA'S LEGAL FRAMEWORK UNDER THE BOMBAY PREVENTION OF BEGGING ACT, 1959](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/25/digital-surveillance-criminal-networks-and-street-begging-revisiting-maharashtras-legal-framework-under-the-bombay-prevention-of-begging-act-1959/): DIGITAL SURVEILLANCE, CRIMINAL NETWORKS, AND STREET BEGGING: REVISITING MAHARASHTRA'S LEGAL FRAMEWORK UNDER THE BOMBAY PREVENTION OF BEGGING ACT, 1959 Vishal Baban Ovhal, Ph.D., 3rd Year, Scholar at ABMS Parishad Yashwantrao Chavan Law College, Pune, Maharashtra (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.264 Begging in urban Maharashtra is no longer a solitary act of desperation; it has increasingly assumed Begging in urban Maharashtra is no longer a solitary act of desperation; it has increasingly assumed the character of an organized enterprise in which entrenched criminal networks exploit vulnerable individuals—children, women, persons with disabilities, migrant workers, and the destitute—for financial gain. The Bombay Prevention of Begging Act, 1959 remains Maharashtra’s principal statutory response to begging, yet its architecture was framed in an era that could not have anticipated digitally enabled syndicates, biometric identification systems, CCTV analytics, QR-code based collections, or contemporary data-protection concerns. - [THE EVOLUTION OF CYBER LAW AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF JURISDICTIONAL CHALLENGES IN CROSS-BORDER CYBERCRIME INVESTIGATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/25/the-evolution-of-cyber-law-and-the-architecture-of-jurisdictional-challenges-in-cross-border-cybercrime-investigations/): THE EVOLUTION OF CYBER LAW AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF JURISDICTIONAL CHALLENGES IN CROSS-BORDER CYBERCRIME INVESTIGATIONS Kunwar Veer Vikram Pratap Singh, LL.M (Cyber Law and Cyber Crime Investigation), Student at Uttar Pradesh State Institute of Forensic Science, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.263 The rapid and borderless expansion of the internet has democratized communication and commerce while The rapid and borderless expansion of the internet has democratized communication and commerce while simultaneously providing an optimal ecosystem for criminal activities. Cybercrime has transitioned from isolated, localized incidents to sophisticated, state-sponsored, and transnational enterprises. This transformation exposes a fundamental structural flaw in modern legal frameworks: law is inherently territorial, while cyberspace is explicitly global. - [THE JURISPRUDENCE OF SACRED ECOLOGY: FASTENING UPANISHADIC ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES TO CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/25/the-jurisprudence-of-sacred-ecology-fastening-upanishadic-environmental-principles-to-contemporary-environmental-governance-in-india/): THE JURISPRUDENCE OF SACRED ECOLOGY: FASTENING UPANISHADIC ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES TO CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA Simran Sahoo, Ph.D. Scholar at KIIT School of law, Bhubaneswar (India) Piyusha Pradhan, Assistant Professor at Adarsha College of Law, Angul (Affiliated to Madhusudan Law University, Cuttack) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.262 Environmental degradation resulting from rapid industrialisation and unregulated exploitation Environmental degradation resulting from rapid industrialisation and unregulated exploitation of natural resources has emerged as one of the foremost challenges confronting contemporary society, necessitating a governance framework that is both sustainable and ethically grounded. In this context, the present study examines the environmental philosophy embodied in the Upanishads and analyses its relevance to contemporary environmental governance in India. - [CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INDIA: BALANCING INNOVATION WITH FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/25/constitutional-challenges-of-artificial-intelligence-in-india-balancing-innovation-with-fundamental-rights/): CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INDIA: BALANCING INNOVATION WITH FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Sakshi Sehrawat, Advocate Practicing at Punjab and Haryana High court (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.261 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed governance, public administration, commerce, healthcare, education, finance, and judicial processes, presenting unprecedented opportunities for economic growth and technological advancement. However, the increasing integration Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed governance, public administration, commerce, healthcare, education, finance, and judicial processes, presenting unprecedented opportunities for economic growth and technological advancement. However, the increasing integration of AI into decision-making systems has also generated significant constitutional concerns relating to equality, privacy, freedom of speech and expression, due process, transparency, and accountability. In India, despite the accelerated adoption of AI across both public and private sectors, the absence of a standalone comprehensive legislative framework specifically governing the development and deployment of AI raises important questions regarding the adequacy of existing constitutional, statutory, and regulatory safeguards. - [PROPORTIONALITY IN ELECTORAL DISQUALIFICATIONS: THE CASE AGAINST LIFETIME BANS FOR CONVICTED POLITICIANS - A CONSTITUTIONAL AND COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO INDIA’S DISQUALIFICATION REGIME](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/25/proportionality-in-electoral-disqualifications-the-case-against-lifetime-bans-for-convicted-politicians-a-constitutional-and-comparative-inquiry-into-indias-disqualification-regime/): PROPORTIONALITY IN ELECTORAL DISQUALIFICATIONS: THE CASE AGAINST LIFETIME BANS FOR CONVICTED POLITICIANS - A CONSTITUTIONAL AND COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO INDIA’S DISQUALIFICATION REGIME Vedant Dhakad, LL.M. (Constitutional and Administrative Law), 1st Semester, Student at Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.260 The increasing criminalisation of electoral politics presents a serious challenge to democratic governance, The increasing criminalisation of electoral politics presents a serious challenge to democratic governance, public accountability, and the rule of law in India. In response, recent proposals have called for imposing a lifetime ban on convicted politicians to restore public trust and protect electoral integrity. This paper critically examines whether such permanent exclusions are constitutionally justified or whether they risk undermining democratic participation itself. - [MENSTRUAL HYGIENE IN THE TIMES OF DISASTER IN INDIA: A SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/24/menstrual-hygiene-in-the-times-of-disaster-in-india-a-socio-legal-study/): MENSTRUAL HYGIENE IN THE TIMES OF DISASTER IN INDIA: A SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY Tridipanna Sarmah, LL.M (Criminology and Criminal Law), 4th Semester, Student at Department of Law, Tezpur Central University, Assam (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.259 Menstrual health is a fundamental aspect of woman’s life. Safe and hygienic menstrual hygiene management is essential for protecting women’s health, Menstrual health is a fundamental aspect of woman’s life. Safe and hygienic menstrual hygiene management is essential for protecting women’s health, dignity, and overall well-being. However, menstrual hygiene is often overlooked during disaster in India. When disaster strikes, minimum relief standards primarily focus on basic survival needs such as food, water, and shelter while the menstrual hygiene needs of women and adolescent girls are often neglected. The lack of sanitary products, privacy, safe sanitation facilities, and proper waste disposal not only affects health but also compromises dignity. - [TRANSFORMATION IN LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/24/transformation-in-legal-education-in-the-era-of-artificial-intelligence-an-exploratory-study/): TRANSFORMATION IN LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY Madhavi More, Assistant Professor at CHIRST Deemed to be University Lavasa Campus, Pune (India) Tejaswi R. Avhad, Principal at Balaji Law College Tathawade, Pune (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.258 Legal education, traditionally dependent upon classroom teaching, case analysis, legal reasoning, and critical interpretation, Legal education, traditionally dependent upon classroom teaching, case analysis, legal reasoning, and critical interpretation, is now witnessing the growing integration of AI-powered tools for research, drafting, data analysis, and academic assistance. The research paper delves into understanding of AI and legal education individually and its intersection to explore the requirements and limits of both. - [APPLICATION OF DOCTRINE OF RADD AND EVOLUTION OF RIGHT OF REVERTER OF SURVIVING SPOUSE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/21/application-of-doctrine-of-radd-and-evolution-of-right-of-reverter-of-surviving-spouse/): APPLICATION OF DOCTRINE OF RADD AND EVOLUTION OF RIGHT OF REVERTER OF SURVIVING SPOUSE R.J. Franciska Oviya, B.A. LL. B, 5th Semester, Student at Government Law college, Madurai affiliated to Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.257 In Islamic intestate succession, the sharers (Koranic heirs) and the residuaries or customary heirs inherit In Islamic intestate succession, the sharers (Koranic heirs) and the residuaries or customary heirs inherit simultaneously; the distant kindred inherit only in their absence. Following the assignment of fixed sharers to sharers, a portion of the deceased’s intestate estate remains undisposed of. Since there are no residuaries to claim the residue, the issue of distribution of excess heritage arises. - [CASE ANALYSIS ON DR. TANVI BEHL V. SHREY GOEL & ORS.: CIVIL APPEAL NO. 9289 OF 2019 / 2025 INSC 125](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/21/case-analysis-on-dr-tanvi-behl-v-shrey-goel-ors-civil-appeal-no-9289-of-2019-2025-insc-125/): CASE ANALYSIS ON DR. TANVI BEHL V. SHREY GOEL & ORS.: CIVIL APPEAL NO. 9289 OF 2019 / 2025 INSC 125 Selvaprasad. T, LL.M (IPR Law), 3rd Semester, Student at Government Law College Thiruchirappalli, affiliated with Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Gowthaman. M, Advocate at High court of Madras (India) Download Manuscript The Supreme Court of India, in Dr. Tanvi Behl v. Shrey Goel & Ors., delivered a significant constitutional ruling on whether residence-based or domicile-based reservation in post-graduate medical courses is constitutionally valid. This case is arisen from the Union territory of Chandigarh, where the Government medical college and Hospital reserved all 64 state quota seats either for Institutional based preference or for the person satisfying residential criteria of the Chandigarh - [ENCRYPTED BUT NOT FREE: STATE SURVEILLANCE, SECTION 69 IT ACT, AND THE FUTURE OF DIGITAL PRIVACY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/20/encrypted-but-not-free-state-surveillance-section-69-it-act-and-the-future-of-digital-privacy-in-india/): ENCRYPTED BUT NOT FREE: STATE SURVEILLANCE, SECTION 69 IT ACT, AND THE FUTURE OF DIGITAL PRIVACY IN INDIA Arush Kalsotra, B.A. LLB (H), 6th Semester, Student at Himachal Pradesh National Law University, Shimla (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.255 This paper examines the expansion of State surveillance and digital censorship in India through the statutory architecture of This paper examines the expansion of State surveillance and digital censorship in India through the statutory architecture of the Information Technology Act, 2000, particularly Sections 69, 69A and 79(3)(b), and tests that architecture against the constitutional standards of privacy, proportionality, free speech and chilling effect. Adopting a doctrinal and case-study-based methodology, it analyses primary legal materials, including the IT Act, the 2009 Interception Rules, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, and leading decisions such as Shreya Singhal, Puttaswamy, Anuradha Bhasin and the Kunal Kamra litigation. - [IN RE: SECTION 6A OF THE CITIZENSHIP ACT, 1955: PARLIAMENT'S POWER, EQUALITY AND ASSAM'S EXCEPTIONALISM](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/20/in-re-section-6a-of-the-citizenship-act-1955-parliaments-power-equality-and-assams-exceptionalism/): IN RE: SECTION 6A OF THE CITIZENSHIP ACT, 1955: PARLIAMENT'S POWER, EQUALITY AND ASSAM'S EXCEPTIONALISM Aditya Kumar, Research Scholar at NUSRL, Ranchi (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.254 The Supreme Court’s judgment in the case In Re: Section 6A of The Citizenship Act, 1955 marks a defining moment in Indian citizenship jurisprudence especially at a time when The Supreme Court’s judgment in the case In Re: Section 6A of The Citizenship Act, 1955 marks a defining moment in Indian citizenship jurisprudence especially at a time when citizenship as concept is one of the most important topics discussed around the world. The judgment puts to the end the long-standing controversy around the legitimacy of Section 6A of The Citizenship Act, 1955 since 1985. - [THE TYRANNY OF CONSTITUTIONAL SILENCE: ANALYZING THE VACUUM OF BINDING LAW IN INDIAN HUNG ASSEMBLIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/16/the-tyranny-of-constitutional-silence-analyzing-the-vacuum-of-binding-law-in-indian-hung-assemblies/): THE TYRANNY OF CONSTITUTIONAL SILENCE: ANALYZING THE VACUUM OF BINDING LAW IN INDIAN HUNG ASSEMBLIES Gowthaman. M, Advocate at High court of Madras (India) Selvaprasad. T, LL.M (IPR Law), 3rd Semester, Student at Government Law College Thiruchirappalli, affiliated with Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.253 This paper analyses the profound This paper analyses the profound legal vacuum and structural vulnerabilities embedded in the Indian constitutional framework during a “Hung Assembly.” While Article 164(1) empowers the Governor to appoint the Chief Minister, the text remains entirely silent on the procedure to be followed when an absolute electoral majority is absent. Consequently, this constitutional silence transforms an otherwise formal executive function into an unregulated exercise of “situational discretion.” - [RIGHT TO INTERNET ACCESS: A CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/16/right-to-internet-access-a-constitutional-and-human-rights-perspective-in-the-digital-age/): RIGHT TO INTERNET ACCESS: A CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE IN THE DIGITAL AGE Gautam Kumar Mahto, Phd Scholar at Radha Govind University, Ramgarh, Jharkhand (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.252 In the digital age, access to the Internet has become central to the effective enjoyment of constitutional freedoms and human rights. This paper examines whether Internet In the digital age, access to the Internet has become central to the effective enjoyment of constitutional freedoms and human rights. This paper examines whether Internet access should be recognised as an independent fundamental right or as a derivative right that enables the exercise of existing rights such as freedom of speech and expression, education, privacy, trade, access to information, and democratic participation. - [MISAPPROPRIATION OF INDIGENOUS TRADITIONAL DESIGNS: THE NEED FOR SUI GENERIS PROTECTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/12/misappropriation-of-indigenous-traditional-designs-the-need-for-sui-generis-protection/): MISAPPROPRIATION OF INDIGENOUS TRADITIONAL DESIGNS: THE NEED FOR SUI GENERIS PROTECTION Zainab Zubair, BA.LLB (H), 9th Semester, Student at UPES, Dehradun (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.251 There exists a vast cultural heritage of indigenous peoples all over the globe, which is demonstrated through traditional artistic patterns and designs, bearing significant cosmological and spiritual importance for communities There exists a vast cultural heritage of indigenous peoples all over the globe, which is demonstrated through traditional artistic patterns and designs, bearing significant cosmological and spiritual importance for communities of indigenous peoples. Yet, intellectual property law of today is hardly designed to protect it. Indigenous traditional knowledge (ITK) and traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) are communal, intergenerational, and spiritually rooted knowledge systems that existing legal regimes including copyright, trademark, and design patent protection — were not designed to accommodate. - [ROLE OF ARBITRATION IN CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS: LEGAL LANDSCAPE AND ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/11/role-of-arbitration-in-cross-border-mergers-and-acquisitions-legal-landscape-and-enforcement-challenges/): ROLE OF ARBITRATION IN CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS: LEGAL LANDSCAPE AND ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES Dr. Shreya Bhardwaj, Assistant Professor at Gitarattan International Business School Affiliated with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU) (India) Herambh Bhatia, 3rd year, Student at Gitarattan International Business School Affiliated with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GSSIPU) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.250 Cross-border Cross-border mergers and acquisitions sit at the intersection of corporate law, private international law, and commercial risk allocation, and disputes arising from them rarely fit neatly inside the courts of a single jurisdiction. Arbitration has become the dispute resolution mechanism of choice for such transactions because it offers a neutral forum, confidentiality, party autonomy in selecting decision-makers, and most importantly a relatively reliable path to cross-border enforcement under the New York Convention. - [THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES: BALANCING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/11/the-precautionary-principle-in-bilateral-investment-treaties-balancing-environmental-protection-and-foreign-direct-investment/): THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES: BALANCING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Kadidja Said, PhD Candidate in International Law at Southwest University of Political Science and Law (SWUPL), Chongqing, China Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.249 This paper examines the integration of the precautionary principle (PP) into Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) as a legal mechanism for This paper examines the integration of the precautionary principle (PP) into Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) as a legal mechanism for reconciling environmental protection with foreign direct investment (FDI). It traces the evolution of the PP from international environmental law, particularly the Rio Declaration, into international economic and investment law, with attention to its treatment in the European Union and the World Trade Organization. - [ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/10/role-of-judiciary-in-the-protection-of-human-rights-in-india/): ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIA Yashika Walia, LL.M, 2nd Semester, Student at Rayat Bahra University (India) Parul Singh, Assistant Prof. at Rayat Bahra University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.248 The value of human rights becomes meaningful only when legal guarantees are supported by effective and enforceable remedies. In India, the The value of human rights becomes meaningful only when legal guarantees are supported by effective and enforceable remedies. In India, the judiciary has played a decisive role in transforming constitutional promises into practical protection through judicial review, writ jurisdiction, public interest litigation and purposive interpretation of fundamental rights. - [A PROCEDURAL SHIFT IN CRIMINAL LAW: PRE-COGNIZANCE HEARINGS UNDER SECTION 223 OF THE BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2023](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/09/a-procedural-shift-in-criminal-law-pre-cognizance-hearings-under-section-223-of-the-bharatiya-nagarik-suraksha-sanhita-2023/): A PROCEDURAL SHIFT IN CRIMINAL LAW: PRE-COGNIZANCE HEARINGS UNDER SECTION 223 OF THE BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2023 Vivek Kulshrestha, B.Sc. LL.B. (H), 5th Semester, Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.247 Section 223 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (“BNSS”) fundamentally alters the procedural architecture of complaint-case adjudication in Section 223 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (“BNSS”) fundamentally alters the procedural architecture of complaint-case adjudication in Indian criminal law. Under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (“CrPC”), the stage preceding issuance of process was ordinarily ex parte: the Magistrate examined the complainant, evaluated the threshold material and, if sufficient ground existed, issued process without any participation by the proposed accused. - [LAND, ENVIRONMENT, AND THE CONSTITUTION: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/09/land-environment-and-the-constitution-contemporary-challenges-in-urban-development/): LAND, ENVIRONMENT, AND THE CONSTITUTION: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT Mayur Mahajan, BBA LLB (H), 5th Semester, Student at Jaipur National University (India) Mayank Sharma, BBA LLB (H), 5th Semester, Student at Jaipur National University (India) Lokender Singh, BBA LLB (H), 3th Semester, Student at Jaipur National University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.246 India’s accelerated urbanisation India’s accelerated urbanisation has intensified conflicts between private land interests and environmental protection in infrastructure, housing, and industrial development, particularly within wetlands, floodplains, forest margins, coastal zones, and other ecologically sensitive areas. This study examines the constitutional balance between property rights under Article 300A and environmental obligations flowing from Articles 21, 48A, and 51A(g) of the Constitution of India. Adopting a doctrinal and analytical methodology, it analyses the Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2006, the Water and Air pollution-control statutes, the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013, the National Green Tribunal Act 2010, representative town-planning laws, and relevant judicial precedents. - [PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE WITNESSES IN SEXUAL OFFENCE TRIALS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VULNERABLE WITNESS DEPOSITION CENTRES IN JHARSUGUDA DISTRICT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/09/protection-of-vulnerable-witnesses-in-sexual-offence-trials-an-empirical-study-of-the-implementation-of-vulnerable-witness-deposition-centres-in-jharsuguda-district/): PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE WITNESSES IN SEXUAL OFFENCE TRIALS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VULNERABLE WITNESS DEPOSITION CENTRES IN JHARSUGUDA DISTRICT Khetramani Ati, Assistant Professor at P.G Department of Law, Sambalpur University, Odisha (India) Samyak Nayak, LL.M, Student at P.G Department of Law, Sambalpur University, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.245 The protection of vulnerable The protection of vulnerable witnesses has become a cornerstone of India's evolving victim-centric criminal justice system, particularly in the prosecution of sexual offences. Victims and other vulnerable witnesses often face intimidation, psychological trauma, social stigma, and secondary victimisation during criminal proceedings, adversely affecting both the quality of evidence and the administration of justice. - [CONCEPT OF JIHAD IN MODERN MUSLIM LAW: AN ANALYSIS OF MISREPRESENTATION, GENDER IMPACT, AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/06/concept-of-jihad-in-modern-muslim-law-an-analysis-of-misrepresentation-gender-impact-and-judicial-interpretation-in-india/): CONCEPT OF JIHAD IN MODERN MUSLIM LAW: AN ANALYSIS OF MISREPRESENTATION, GENDER IMPACT, AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION IN INDIA Pratibha Tewatia, B.A LLB (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.244 The concept of Jihad in Islam has long been a subject of scholarly debate, political discourse, and media portrayal. While The concept of Jihad in Islam has long been a subject of scholarly debate, political discourse, and media portrayal. While the term Jihad is often translated as “struggle” or “striving,” its meaning and interpretation have evolved over time, influenced by religious, historical, and socio-political factors. Classical Islamic thought presents Jihad as a comprehensive struggle encompassing personal spiritual discipline, intellectual and social activism, and defensive military efforts. - [REGULATING ONLINE GAMING AND E-SPORTS IN INDIA: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS, CONSUMER PROTECTION AND INNOVATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/06/regulating-online-gaming-and-e-sports-in-india-legal-frameworks-consumer-protection-and-innovation/): REGULATING ONLINE GAMING AND E-SPORTS IN INDIA: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS, CONSUMER PROTECTION AND INNOVATION E.A. Vidhyabharathi, Assistant. Professor of Law at KMC College of Law, Tirupur, Research Scholar, Second Year, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, SOEL, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.243 Online gaming and e-sports have emerged as one of the fastest-growing Online gaming and e-sports have emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors of India's digital economy, creating significant legal and regulatory challenges relating to gambling regulation, consumer protection, data privacy, taxation, intermediary liability, and the constitutional distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States. The enactment of the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025 (Act No. 32 of 2025) and the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Rules, 2026 has fundamentally transformed the regulatory framework by prohibiting online money games irrespective of whether they involve skill or chance while establishing a statutory regime for the governance and promotion of e-sports and online social games. - [BEYOND PERMANENT RESERVATION: DESIGNING A GLOBAL EXIT POLICY (SUNSET CLAUSE) FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/01/beyond-permanent-reservation-designing-a-global-exit-policy-sunset-clause-for-affirmative-action/): BEYOND PERMANENT RESERVATION: DESIGNING A GLOBAL EXIT POLICY (SUNSET CLAUSE) FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Rani Devangan, Ph.D. Scholar (Law) at Kalinga University, Kotni, Atal Nagar-Nava Raipur, Chhattisgarh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.242 Affirmative action policies were originally conceived as temporary remedial measures to redress historical discrimination, structural exclusion, and entrenched social inequalities. Nevertheless, in several jurisdictions these Affirmative action policies were originally conceived as temporary remedial measures to redress historical discrimination, structural exclusion, and entrenched social inequalities. Nevertheless, in several jurisdictions these measures have gradually evolved into long-term or indefinite arrangements without clearly defined termination mechanisms or systematic performance review. - [INVESTIGATIVE CONFIDENTIALITY, PUBLIC TRUST, AND POLICE LEGITIMACY IN DRUG ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS: LESSONS FROM LIBERIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/01/investigative-confidentiality-public-trust-and-police-legitimacy-in-drug-enforcement-operations-lessons-from-liberia/): INVESTIGATIVE CONFIDENTIALITY, PUBLIC TRUST, AND POLICE LEGITIMACY IN DRUG ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS: LESSONS FROM LIBERIA Dr. Ambrues Monboe Nebo, Doctor of Sociology, Ph.D. Student -Security Studies with an emphasis on International Security, Hill-City University, Benin Republic, Adjunct Faculty, Department of Sociology and Criminology, & Political Science, University of Liberia, Department of Criminal Justice & Forensic Science The balance between investigative confidentiality and public transparency remains a persistent challenge in contemporary law enforcement, particularly in high-profile drug trafficking investigations. This article examines how the management of confidential information influences public trust and perceptions of institutional legitimacy, using the Liberia Drug Enforcement Agency’s (LDEA) handling of the US$19.2 million cocaine seizure at Roberts International Airport (RIA) as a case study. - [POLICE POWERS OF ARREST UNDER THE BNSS: DISCRETION, ACCOUNTABILITY AND ADMINISTRATIVE CHALLENGES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/01/police-powers-of-arrest-under-the-bnss-discretion-accountability-and-administrative-challenges-in-india/): POLICE POWERS OF ARREST UNDER THE BNSS: DISCRETION, ACCOUNTABILITY AND ADMINISTRATIVE CHALLENGES IN INDIA Kang Cheoi Lama, LLM, Student at The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (NUJS) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.240 The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which came into force on 1 July 2024, replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which came into force on 1 July 2024, replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) and restructures the legal framework governing police powers of arrest. Building upon constitutional jurisprudence and landmark decisions such as D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal and Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar, the BNSS seeks to balance police discretion with enhanced procedural accountability. - [CYBERCRIME AND DIGITAL VICTIMIZATION IN INDIA: EMERGING TRENDS, CRIMINAL JUSTICE CHALLENGES, AND REFORMATIVE POLICY IMPERATIVES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/07/01/cybercrime-and-digital-victimization-in-india-emerging-trends-criminal-justice-challenges-and-reformative-policy-imperatives/): CYBERCRIME AND DIGITAL VICTIMIZATION IN INDIA: EMERGING TRENDS, CRIMINAL JUSTICE CHALLENGES, AND REFORMATIVE POLICY IMPERATIVES Ms Nikke, Assistant Professor at Department of Law, Gurugram University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.239 India’s rapid expansion into the digital world has brought with it a significant and growing problem of cybercrime. As internet access reaches more citizens—including those with India's rapid expansion into the digital world has brought with it a significant and growing problem of cybercrime. As internet access reaches more citizens—including those with limited digital education the opportunities for criminal exploitation have multiplied. This paper examines cybercrime in India from criminological, victimological, and legal perspectives using a doctrinal and socio-legal research methodology. - [CASE ANALYSIS ON HANUMAN LAXMAN AROSKAR v. UNION OF INDIA (AIRONLINE 2019 SC 318)](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/27/case-analysis-on-hanuman-laxman-aroskar-v-union-of-india-aironline-2019-sc-318/): CASE ANALYSIS ON HANUMAN LAXMAN AROSKAR v. UNION OF INDIA (AIRONLINE 2019 SC 318) Sai Prarthana M, B. Com LL. B, (H), 9th Semester, Student at School of Excellence in Law, Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Sai Sathiyapriya M, B. Com LL. B, (H), 9th Semester, Student at School of Excellence in In the case of Hanuman Laxman Aroskar vs. Union of India is a significant landmark judgment given by Supreme Court of India, concerning the grant of Environmental Clearance (EC) for the Mopa International Airport project in Goa. The Petitioners in this case challenged the validity of the EC on the grounds that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process was flawed and failed to adequately assess the consequences of the Airport project. - [BEYOND SUBSIDIES: WHY REGULATORY EXECUTION WILL DETERMINE THE SUCCESS OF INDIA’S SEMICONDUCTOR MISSION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/27/beyond-subsidies-why-regulatory-execution-will-determine-the-success-of-indias-semiconductor-mission/): BEYOND SUBSIDIES: WHY REGULATORY EXECUTION WILL DETERMINE THE SUCCESS OF INDIA’S SEMICONDUCTOR MISSION Abir Chattaraj, PhD Scholar at Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.237 Semiconductors have emerged as strategic assets at the intersection of economic competitiveness, technological sovereignty, and national security, prompting governments worldwide to adopt extensive industrial policies to strengthen domestic Semiconductors have emerged as strategic assets at the intersection of economic competitiveness, technological sovereignty, and national security, prompting governments worldwide to adopt extensive industrial policies to strengthen domestic manufacturing capabilities. India responded through the Semicon India Programme by committing substantial fiscal incentives to establish an indigenous semiconductor ecosystem. - [VOICES FROM THE MARGINS: INDIGENOUS WOMEN’S POLITICAL AGENCY, JUSTICE, AND THE DIGITAL STRUGGLE FOR EQUALITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/27/voices-from-the-margins-indigenous-womens-political-agency-justice-and-the-digital-struggle-for-equality/): VOICES FROM THE MARGINS: INDIGENOUS WOMEN’S POLITICAL AGENCY, JUSTICE, AND THE DIGITAL STRUGGLE FOR EQUALITY Sijil Sharma, BBA LLB (H), 4th Semester, Students at Adamas University, Kolkata (India) Rajarshi Ghosh, BBA LLB (H), 4th Semester, Students at Adamas University, Kolkata (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.236 “There is no tool for development more effective than the empowerment “There is no tool for development more effective than the empowerment of women.” By Kofi Annan. This paper looks at how women and indigenous political institutions are connected and how the old ways of governing affect women ability to take part in politics and make their voices heard. In indigenous communities’ traditional leaders make important decisions resolve conflicts and help keep the communities’ culture alive. - [DEEPFAKE AND PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN INDIA: NEED FOR A SEPARATE LEGAL FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/26/deepfake-and-personality-rights-in-india-need-for-a-separate-legal-framework/): DEEPFAKE AND PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN INDIA: NEED FOR A SEPARATE LEGAL FRAMEWORK Anju Bala, BBA LL.B., Student at Department of Law, School of Legal Studies, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow (India) Aayush Verma, Ph.D. Scholar at Department of Law, School of Legal Studies, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow (India) The digital revolution and the rapid proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have fundamentally transformed the landscape of personal identity and its protection under law. Among the most alarming manifestations of this transformation is the emergence of deepfakes hyper-realistic, AI-generated audio-visual simulations that replicate an individual’s voice, likeness, and mannerisms without consent. - [MAYA ANGELOU’S PHENOMENAL REPRESENTATION OF VIOLENCE TOWARDS WOMEN](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/25/maya-angelous-phenomenal-representation-of-violence-towards-women/): MAYA ANGELOU’S PHENOMENAL REPRESENTATION OF VIOLENCE TOWARDS WOMEN Dr Debadrita Basu, Assistant Professor at School of Legal Studies, Swami Vivekananda University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.234 Maya Angelou’s literary and autobiographical works stand as powerful testimonies to the pervasive violence faced by women, particularly Black women, in the United States. Through texts such as I Know Maya Angelou’s literary and autobiographical works stand as powerful testimonies to the pervasive violence faced by women, particularly Black women, in the United States. Through texts such as I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and her subsequent autobiographies, Angelou transforms personal trauma into collective narrative, exposing the systemic intersections of race, gender, and oppression. - [NEURO-RIGHTS AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY: RETHINKING MENS REA, MENTAL PRIVACY, AND CULPABILITY IN THE AGE OF BRAIN–COMPUTER INTERFACES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/25/neuro-rights-and-criminal-responsibility-rethinking-mens-rea-mental-privacy-and-culpability-in-the-age-of-brain-computer-interfaces/): NEURO-RIGHTS AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY: RETHINKING MENS REA, MENTAL PRIVACY, AND CULPABILITY IN THE AGE OF BRAIN–COMPUTER INTERFACES Dr. Santosh Sati, Assistant Professor & Programme Coordinator (LL.B.) at IMS Law College, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.233 The accelerating development of neurotechnology encompassing Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs), neural implants, deep brain stimulation systems, and brain-signal decoding algorithms The accelerating development of neurotechnology encompassing Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs), neural implants, deep brain stimulation systems, and brain-signal decoding algorithms poses transformative yet profoundly disruptive challenges to the conceptual architecture of criminal law. The doctrines of mens rea, voluntary conduct, and individual culpability have historically presupposed an autonomous mental agent whose cognitive processes remain unmediated by external technological intervention. - [REPEAT APPOINTMENTS AND THE RISK OF BIAS IN ARBITRATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/25/repeat-appointments-and-the-risk-of-bias-in-arbitration/): REPEAT APPOINTMENTS AND THE RISK OF BIAS IN ARBITRATION Shruti Dyodia, LL.M (ADR), 2nd Semester, Student at O.P Jindal Global University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.232 This study examines the increasingly significant issue of repeat or consecutive appointments of arbitrators in commercial arbitration and analyses whether such appointments create actual or perceived bias capable of undermining This study examines the increasingly significant issue of repeat or consecutive appointments of arbitrators in commercial arbitration and analyses whether such appointments create actual or perceived bias capable of undermining the principles of independence and impartiality. The research focuses primarily on the Indian legal framework governing arbitrator appointments and challenges, while undertaking a comparative examination of the approaches adopted in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Paris under leading institutional arbitration regimes. - [PERSONALITY RIGHTS AND CELEBRITY RIGHTS IN ADVERTISING AND BRANDING](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/25/personality-rights-and-celebrity-rights-in-advertising-and-branding/): PERSONALITY RIGHTS AND CELEBRITY RIGHTS IN ADVERTISING AND BRANDING Ishita Mittal, LL.M, 2nd Semester, Student at Department of Laws, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.231 Springing up as hot-burning legal trend in India, publicity or personality rights of celebrities are contributing to the development of Indian entertainment law, thereby arsing the requirement for legal Springing up as hot-burning legal trend in India, publicity or personality rights of celebrities are contributing to the development of Indian entertainment law, thereby arsing the requirement for legal scholars and academics to study the implications of these peculiar rights. The two-fold Personality rights mainly comprise: Right to privacy and Publicity rights. - [SHIELDING THE VOTE OR CLOAKING CORRUPTION? A DOCTRINAL CRITIQUE OF LEGISLATIVE PRIVILEGE POST-SITA SOREN](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/25/shielding-the-vote-or-cloaking-corruption-a-doctrinal-critique-of-legislative-privilege-post-sita-soren/): SHIELDING THE VOTE OR CLOAKING CORRUPTION? A DOCTRINAL CRITIQUE OF LEGISLATIVE PRIVILEGE POST-SITA SOREN Swabhiman Swarup, B.A. LLB, 7th Semester, Student at National Law University Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.230 This is a landmark decision in “Sita Soren v. Union of India (2024) 5 SCC 629,” which has introduced a historic paradigm shift in constitutional This is a landmark decision in “Sita Soren v. Union of India (2024) 5 SCC 629,” which has introduced a historic paradigm shift in constitutional jurisprudence and has completely up-ended the twenty-six-year-old precedent set in “P.V. Narasimha Rao v. State (1998)”. This judicial loophole in the Indian Constitution has been created by the interpretation of Articles 105(2) and 194(2) for more than two decades, which granted absolute immunity to legislators who took bribes provided that they do their part under the corrupt bargain in the House. - [NEED FOR A NATIONAL FORENSIC SCIENCE POLICY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/24/need-for-a-national-forensic-science-policy-in-india/): NEED FOR A NATIONAL FORENSIC SCIENCE POLICY IN INDIA Joel James J, LL.M, 4th Semester, Student at Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.229 The use of forensic science has become increasingly important in criminal investigations because it helps investigators rely on scientific findings rather than depending entirely on witness statements or The use of forensic science has become increasingly important in criminal investigations because it helps investigators rely on scientific findings rather than depending entirely on witness statements or confessions. As crime has become more complex with the growth of technology, cyber offences, organised criminal activities, and sophisticated methods of committing offences, the need for scientific investigation has grown significantly. - [AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON CORPORATE LAW AND GOVERNANCE IN THE MODERN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/24/an-analytical-study-on-corporate-law-and-governance-in-the-modern-business-environment/): AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON CORPORATE LAW AND GOVERNANCE IN THE MODERN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Divyansha Sharma, BBA LLB (H), 8th Semester, Student at Amity University Ranchi, Jharkhand (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.228 This paper discusses the profound effect of the nature and evolving trends of corporate law and governance. In this paper, the author has tackled fundamental This paper discusses the profound effect of the nature and evolving trends of corporate law and governance. In this paper, the author has tackled fundamental notions of corporate law, corporate governance, and their interrelation, then proceeded to discuss conventional governance frameworks and their shortcomings. The main intent behind this study is to offer an in-depth analysis of the prevailing critical issues influencing corporate governance systems and their position and requirements in today’s globalized economy, while proposing flexible strategies for ensuring transparency, accountability, and sustainable business practices. - [WHY DO WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS ESCAPE PUNISHMENT? ENFORCEMENT GAPS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/24/why-do-white-collar-criminals-escape-punishment-enforcement-gaps-in-india/): WHY DO WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS ESCAPE PUNISHMENT? ENFORCEMENT GAPS IN INDIA Joel James J, LL.M, 4th Semester, Student at Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.227 White-collar crime has emerged as one of the most challenging forms of deviance in modern society because it is often committed by individuals who occupy positions of White-collar crime has emerged as one of the most challenging forms of deviance in modern society because it is often committed by individuals who occupy positions of economic, political, or professional influence. Unlike conventional crimes, these offences are usually carried out through business transactions, financial dealings, corporate activities, or abuse of official authority. - [FORENSIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEFICIT AND DELAY IN CRIMINAL TRIALS: A POLICY ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/24/forensic-infrastructure-deficit-and-delay-in-criminal-trials-a-policy-analysis/): FORENSIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEFICIT AND DELAY IN CRIMINAL TRIALS: A POLICY ANALYSIS Jenimettilda J, LL.M, 4th Semester, Student at Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.226 Forensic science has become an important part of criminal investigation in recent years. Courts and investigating agencies increasingly rely on scientific evidence such as DNA analysis, fingerprints, Forensic science has become an important part of criminal investigation in recent years. Courts and investigating agencies increasingly rely on scientific evidence such as DNA analysis, fingerprints, toxicology reports, and digital evidence to establish facts and determine responsibility. - [AI, CREDIBILITY, AND EVIDENCE IN ASYLUM LAW: DIALECT RECOGNITION, TRANSCRIPT SUMMARISATION, DOCUMENT ANALYSIS, AND COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN RESEARCH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/23/ai-credibility-and-evidence-in-asylum-law-dialect-recognition-transcript-summarisation-document-analysis-and-country-of-origin-research/): AI, CREDIBILITY, AND EVIDENCE IN ASYLUM LAW: DIALECT RECOGNITION, TRANSCRIPT SUMMARISATION, DOCUMENT ANALYSIS, AND COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN RESEARCH Rajeev Meena, LL.M. (Business Law), University of California, Davis School of Law, California, USA. Advocate enrolled with the Bar Council of Rajasthan, India. Legal Researcher and AI Legal Evaluation Specialist focusing on the intersection of Law, Artificial Intelligence, Intellectual Artificial intelligence is increasingly entering refugee status determination through tools such as dialect recognition, name transliteration, speech transcription, transcript summarisation, document analysis, country-of-origin research, and case matching. These tools are often presented as instruments of efficiency, consistency, and administrative support. Yet, in asylum law, they operate within a field where proof is already fragile and credibility is often decisive. - [THE EU AI ACT AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM: ARE “HIGH-RISK” SAFEGUARDS ENOUGH FOR ASYLUM, VISA, AND RESIDENCE DECISIONS?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/23/the-eu-ai-act-and-the-right-to-asylum-are-high-risk-safeguards-enough-for-asylum-visa-and-residence-decisions/): THE EU AI ACT AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM: ARE “HIGH-RISK” SAFEGUARDS ENOUGH FOR ASYLUM, VISA, AND RESIDENCE DECISIONS? Prabin Acharya, Advocate licensed to practice in Nepal Legal Researcher and Immigration Law Professional; LL.M., University of California, Davis School of Law (2025) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.224 This paper examines whether the EU AI Act’s “high-risk” framework This paper examines whether the EU AI Act’s “high-risk” framework adequately protects the right to asylum when artificial intelligence assists asylum, visa, and residence decisions. It situates AI within EU migration governance, where automated screening, document analysis, risk indicators, country-of-origin research, and credibility tools may influence access to protection before a human officer gives reasons. - [REGULATORY CAPTURE IN INDIA: WHEN REGULATORS SERVE THE ELITE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/23/regulatory-capture-in-india-when-regulators-serve-the-elite/): REGULATORY CAPTURE IN INDIA: WHEN REGULATORS SERVE THE ELITE Jenimettilda J, LL.M, 4th Semester, Student at Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.223 Regulatory bodies play an important role in modern governance because they are responsible for overseeing industries, enforcing legal standards, and ensuring that economic activities are carried out in a Regulatory bodies play an important role in modern governance because they are responsible for overseeing industries, enforcing legal standards, and ensuring that economic activities are carried out in a fair and accountable manner. In India, several independent regulatory institutions have been established in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, securities markets, environmental protection, competition law, and natural resources. - [COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FREE-AI COMMITTEE REPORT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/23/comparative-analysis-of-free-ai-committee-report/): COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FREE-AI COMMITTEE REPORT Neelansh Rao, Advocate at District court (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.222 Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and generative AI, is transforming financial services by improving customer engagement, credit assessment, risk management, fraud detection, and operational efficiency. Its growing deployment, however, also creates material concerns relating to data protection, operational Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and generative AI, is transforming financial services by improving customer engagement, credit assessment, risk management, fraud detection, and operational efficiency. Its growing deployment, however, also creates material concerns relating to data protection, operational resilience, market integrity, cybersecurity, and model governance. - [ILLEGAL STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS: STATUTORY PROVISIONS AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/23/illegal-strikes-and-lockouts-statutory-provisions-and-judicial-interpretation/): ILLEGAL STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS: STATUTORY PROVISIONS AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION Anushka Maharshi, BA.LLB, 9th Semester, Student at Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.221 This article examines the statutory regulation of strikes and lockouts in Indian industrial-dispute law, using the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 (IDA) as its principal doctrinal framework. It advances the central This article examines the statutory regulation of strikes and lockouts in Indian industrial-dispute law, using the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 (IDA) as its principal doctrinal framework. It advances the central argument that judicial treatment of “illegal” and “unjustified” strikes, and of employer lockouts, has not been conceptually uniform, creating uncertainty over procedural compliance, proportionality, wage consequences and the permissible limits of collective action. - [DIGITAL EVIDENCE, AI, AND CRIMINAL TRIALS IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/20/digital-evidence-ai-and-criminal-trials-in-india-a-critical-analysis/): DIGITAL EVIDENCE, AI, AND CRIMINAL TRIALS IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Puneet Kumar Rastogi, B.A.LL.B.(H), 9th Semester, Student at Faculty of Law, University of Allahabad (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.220 The operational framework of criminal investigations and trials in India is undergoing a structural transformation due to rapid advances in consumer electronics, cloud storage, encrypted communications, The operational framework of criminal investigations and trials in India is undergoing a structural transformation due to rapid advances in consumer electronics, cloud storage, encrypted communications, algorithmic databases, and artificial intelligence. Investigating agencies increasingly rely on data drawn from remote servers, mobile devices, transient messaging platforms, automated forensic systems, and synthetic-media environments to reconstruct criminal conduct. - [REGULATORY SEQUENCING AND ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF BANKING AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS REFORM IN INDIA, THE UNITED STATES, THE EUROPEAN UNION, JAPAN, AND BRAZIL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/20/regulatory-sequencing-and-adaptive-governance-a-comparative-legal-study-of-banking-and-telecommunications-reform-in-india-the-united-states-the-european-union-japan-and-brazil/): REGULATORY SEQUENCING AND ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF BANKING AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS REFORM IN INDIA, THE UNITED STATES, THE EUROPEAN UNION, JAPAN, AND BRAZIL Mr. Susen Kamble, LL.M (Constitutional and Administrative Law), Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.219 This article examines whether the sequencing and design of regulatory reform, This article examines whether the sequencing and design of regulatory reform, rather than the ideological choice between regulation and deregulation, determines institutional durability and consumer-welfare outcomes. It employs a structured comparative-doctrinal method, analysing enabling legislation, regulatory mandates, appellate arrangements, judicial decisions, agency materials, and multilateral institutional assessments. - [WHEN LAW TRANSCENDS ETHICS: THE SHIFTING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEGAL NORMS, MORAL REASONING, AND SOCIAL NECESSITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/20/when-law-transcends-ethics-the-shifting-relationship-between-legal-norms-moral-reasoning-and-social-necessity/): WHEN LAW TRANSCENDS ETHICS: THE SHIFTING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEGAL NORMS, MORAL REASONING, AND SOCIAL NECESSITY Drishya Srivastava, LL. B (H), 6th Semester, Student at C.M.P. Degree College Affiliated to University of Allahabad (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.218 Throughout recorded history, legal obligation and moral expectation have rarely occupied perfectly coincident territory. Ancient societies tended to ground Throughout recorded history, legal obligation and moral expectation have rarely occupied perfectly coincident territory. Ancient societies tended to ground their regulatory frameworks in religious or philosophical authority, creating the appearance and often the functional reality of unity between the legal and the moral. That picture has since undergone a decisive transformation. - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE ERA OF GENERATIVE AI AND DEEP LEARNING](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/19/intellectual-property-rights-in-the-era-of-generative-ai-and-deep-learning/): INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE ERA OF GENERATIVE AI AND DEEP LEARNING Aditi Gupta, B.A. LLB. (H), 10th Semester, Student at S.S. Khanna Girls Degree College (India) Kumar Prabhakar, B.A. LLB. (H), 10th Semester, Student at Presidency University, Bangalore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.217 In the era of technological advancement and generative AI and deep learning, In the era of technological advancement and generative AI and deep learning, the authors of the paper focused on the research study that addresses the research problems including lawful unreliability encircling authorship, possession, potential for exclusive rights, and violation driven by contents and inventions generated by AI. The authors’ research objective aims to assess the legal frameworks for intellectual property specifically in relation with patent law and Indian copyright frameworks. - [IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION POLICIES ON HUMAN RIGHTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH FOCUS ON INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/19/impact-of-immigration-policies-on-human-rights-a-comparative-analysis-with-focus-on-india/): IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION POLICIES ON HUMAN RIGHTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH FOCUS ON INDIA Pratibha Tewatia, B.A. LLB. (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana (India) Sanya Singh, B.A. LLB. (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana (India) Tanvi Jain, B.A. LLB. (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana Growing movement across borders increasingly tests national laws aiming to uphold government authority while meeting global duties to protect people. India, notable for sending many abroad yet also receiving large numbers, faces challenges as its outdated rules fail to match modern patterns of forced or voluntary relocation. Whether present policies secure basic freedoms for those crossing into the nation - be they asylum seekers, displaced individuals without citizenship, or laborers - is explored here through local judicial principles alongside worldwide standards. - [LEGAL CHALLENGES OF AI-GENERATED CONTENT UNDER COPYRIGHT LAW: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/19/legal-challenges-of-ai-generated-content-under-copyright-law-an-indian-perspective/): LEGAL CHALLENGES OF AI-GENERATED CONTENT UNDER COPYRIGHT LAW: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE Sanya Singh, B.A. LLB. (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University Gurugram (India) Prerna Sihag, B.A. LLB. (H), 7th Semester, Student at Amity University Gurugram (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.215 Artificial intelligence has changed how creative content is made — and Indian copyright law simply Artificial intelligence has changed how creative content is made — and Indian copyright law simply hasn’t caught up. The Copyright Act of 1957 was written with human creators in mind and is relatively silent when systems like GPT-4, Stable Diffusion, or Mid journey produce entire works independently. Who owns the output? Was training on copyrighted data even legal? - [ETHICAL BUSINESS PRACTICES: THE UNBREAKABLE TRINITY OF CORPORATE CULTURE, INTEGRITY AND SUSTAINABILITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/18/ethical-business-practices-the-unbreakable-trinity-of-corporate-culture-integrity-and-sustainability/): ETHICAL BUSINESS PRACTICES: THE UNBREAKABLE TRINITY OF CORPORATE CULTURE, INTEGRITY AND SUSTAINABILITY Komal Muskan Pandita, LL.M (Corporate Law), Student at Amity University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.214 Ethical business practices have moved from the periphery of corporate governance to its normative and strategic centre. This paper examines how corporate culture, integrity, and sustainability operate together as Ethical business practices have moved from the periphery of corporate governance to its normative and strategic centre. This paper examines how corporate culture, integrity, and sustainability operate together as the “Unbreakable Trinity” of responsible business conduct and argues that long-term profitability cannot be separated from legality, accountability, stakeholder trust, and social legitimacy. - [A DECADE OF THE BENAMI TRANSACTIONS (PROHIBITION) AMENDMENT ACT, 2016 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/18/a-decade-of-the-benami-transactions-prohibition-amendment-act-2016-critical-evaluation-of-its-effectiveness-in-india/): A DECADE OF THE BENAMI TRANSACTIONS (PROHIBITION) AMENDMENT ACT, 2016 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN INDIA Mr. Sushrut Khadse, BBA LLB, 7th Semester, Student at Symbiosis Law School, Nagpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.213 The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act, 2016 was enacted for strengthening Indian legal framework against Benami transactions which have been linked The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act, 2016 was enacted for strengthening Indian legal framework against Benami transactions which have been linked with black money, tax evasion, corruption. While the original Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act,1988 prohibited such transactions but it lacked effective enforcement mechanisms and remained largely ineffective for 3 decades. - [M&A AS A GROWTH STRATEGY IN EMERGING MARKETS: INDIA, CHINA, BRAZIL CASE STUDIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/ma-as-a-growth-strategy-in-emerging-markets-india-china-brazil-case-studies/): M&A AS A GROWTH STRATEGY IN EMERGING MARKETS: INDIA, CHINA, BRAZIL CASE STUDIES Arshpreet Kour, LL.M (Corporate Laws), 2nd Semester, Student at Amity University, Punjab (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.211 Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) have emerged as an important strategy for corporate growth in an increasingly competitive and globally integrated business environment. By enabling firms to Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) have emerged as an important strategy for corporate growth in an increasingly competitive and globally integrated business environment. By enabling firms to acquire existing assets, technology, managerial capabilities, market access and established customer bases, M&A offers a faster route to expansion than organic growth. - [INCORPORATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES INTO DOMESTIC LEGAL SYSTEMS: INDIA AND BEYOND](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/incorporation-of-international-human-rights-treaties-into-domestic-legal-systems-india-and-beyond/): INCORPORATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES INTO DOMESTIC LEGAL SYSTEMS: INDIA AND BEYOND Dr. Rajeev Singh, Assistant Professor (Grade – III) at Amity Law School (India). Sakshi Singh, LLB, 6th Semester, Student at Amity Law School (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.210 Because of the spread of the international human rights law, scholars and courts have puzzled Because of the spread of the international human rights law, scholars and courts have puzzled about whether, and how, a treaty obligation is incorporated into the domestic law. The classic debates between monist and dualist theories argue that either the treaty norms become part of the state's legal order automatically or they need to be translated to be incorporated into the legal order. - [PURPOSE, PRACTICE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ACT, 1952- A CRITICAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/purpose-practice-and-limitations-of-the-commission-of-inquiry-act-1952-a-critical-analysis/): PURPOSE, PRACTICE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ACT, 1952- A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Madhukrishna N, LL.M, 2nd year, Student at The Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University-School of Excellence in Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.209 The Commission of Inquiry Act, 1952 constitutes the principal statutory framework through which the Central and State Governments in The Commission of Inquiry Act, 1952 constitutes the principal statutory framework through which the Central and State Governments in India establish Commissions of Inquiry to investigate matters of public importance. Conceived as independent fact-finding bodies, these commissions are expected to examine controversial incidents, ascertain facts, identify administrative or political failures, and recommend corrective measures. - [RECALIBRATING GLOBAL MONETARY POWER: CBDC AS A STRATEGIC RESPONSE TO FINANCIAL WEAPONISATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/recalibrating-global-monetary-power-cbdc-as-a-strategic-response-to-financial-weaponisation/): RECALIBRATING GLOBAL MONETARY POWER: CBDC AS A STRATEGIC RESPONSE TO FINANCIAL WEAPONISATION Kavya S S, LL.M (Business Law), 2nd Year, Student at The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.212 This paper undertakes a doctrinal legal analysis of the weaponisation of finance and explores the potential of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) This paper undertakes a doctrinal legal analysis of the weaponisation of finance and explores the potential of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and other digital monies as tools to mitigate such financial coercion. The weaponisation of finance refers to the strategic use of financial sanctions, currency restrictions, and control over international payment systems by states to achieve geopolitical aims. - [A THEMATIC STUDY ON ELECTRONIC CONTRACTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: VALIDITY, AUTHENTICATION, AND ENFORCEMENT IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/a-thematic-study-on-electronic-contracts-in-the-digital-age-validity-authentication-and-enforcement-in-the-indian-context/): A THEMATIC STUDY ON ELECTRONIC CONTRACTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: VALIDITY, AUTHENTICATION, AND ENFORCEMENT IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT M Prakash George, Assistant Professor at R N Patel Ipcowala School of Law and Justice, The Charutar Vidya Mandal (CVM) University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.208 The rise of digital technology and internet-based commerce has profoundly changed the The rise of digital technology and internet-based commerce has profoundly changed the conventional understanding of contractual relationships in India. E-contracts, or electronic contracts, have emerged as an essential aspect of contemporary business operations, allowing individuals and companies to form agreements via websites, mobile apps, electronic banking services, and online marketplaces. - [ARTICLE: PROSPECTS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF E-BANKING IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/17/article-prospects-and-opportunities-of-e-banking-in-india/): ARTICLE: PROSPECTS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF E-BANKING IN INDIA Prof. (Dr)Atal Kumar, Principal at Mewar Law Institute, Vasundhara, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.207 Electronic banking (E-banking) has emerged as a significant component of India’s digital economy, transforming the delivery and accessibility of financial services through internet banking, mobile banking applications, automated teller machines (ATMs), Electronic banking (E-banking) has emerged as a significant component of India’s digital economy, transforming the delivery and accessibility of financial services through internet banking, mobile banking applications, automated teller machines (ATMs), and digital payment platforms. The rapid growth of internet connectivity, smartphone usage, and government initiatives such as Digital India has accelerated the adoption of E-banking across the country. - [SPACE TOURISM AND THE EMERGING LEGAL ORDER: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMICS, ETHICS, AND GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/11/space-tourism-and-the-emerging-legal-order-a-multidisciplinary-analysis-of-technology-economics-ethics-and-governance/): SPACE TOURISM AND THE EMERGING LEGAL ORDER: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMICS, ETHICS, AND GOVERNANCE Mallika Matin, BBA LLB, 8th Semester, Student at Bennett University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.206 Space tourism has emerged as one of the most significant developments of the twenty-first century, driven by rapid technological innovation, growing private-sector participation, and humanity’s Space tourism has emerged as one of the most significant developments of the twenty-first century, driven by rapid technological innovation, growing private-sector participation, and humanity’s enduring interest in outer space. The transition from state-sponsored space missions to commercially operated human spaceflight has enabled private individuals to participate in suborbital and orbital journeys, transforming space travel into an emerging commercial industry. - [BALANCING DATA PRIVACY AND DIGITAL FORENSIC INVESTIGATION IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS UNDER THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT, 2023 AND BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/11/balancing-data-privacy-and-digital-forensic-investigation-in-india-a-critical-analysis-under-the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023-and-bharatiya-sakshya-adhiniyam-2023/): BALANCING DATA PRIVACY AND DIGITAL FORENSIC INVESTIGATION IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS UNDER THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT, 2023 AND BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023 Mayur Mahajan, BBA LLB(H), 5th Semester, Student at Jaipur National University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.205 Today’s digital landscape involves constant gathering, retention, and exchange of personal data via websites, apps, Today's digital landscape involves constant gathering, retention, and exchange of personal data via websites, apps, and online networks. The rapid rise in cybercrimes like hacking, online fraud, identity theft, and data breaches, driven by technological progress, has made digital forensic investigation a crucial component of the criminal justice system. - [THE INTERSECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION: MECHANISMS, CHALLENGES, AND EMERGING FRONTIERS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/05/the-intersection-of-intellectual-property-rights-and-dispute-resolution-mechanisms-challenges-and-emerging-frontiers/): THE INTERSECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION: MECHANISMS, CHALLENGES, AND EMERGING FRONTIERS Diptajit Dasgupta, BBA LLB, 5th Semester, Student at KIIT School of Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.204 Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) have become central to the modern knowledge-based economy, making the effective resolution of intellectual property disputes an increasingly significant legal and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) have become central to the modern knowledge-based economy, making the effective resolution of intellectual property disputes an increasingly significant legal and commercial concern. The growing internationalization of trade, digital commerce, technological innovation, and cross-border exploitation of intellectual assets has led to a corresponding rise in the volume, complexity, and transnational character of IPR disputes. - [CRIMINALISATION OF ONLINE BEHAVIOUR: MEME CULTURE, DARK HUMOUR & FREE SPEECH UNDER INDIAN LAW A LEGAL ANALYSIS & PROPOSAL OF THE CONTEXTUAL HARM TEST](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/05/criminalisation-of-online-behaviour-meme-culture-dark-humour-free-speech-under-indian-law-a-legal-analysis-proposal-of-the-contextual-harm-test/): CRIMINALISATION OF ONLINE BEHAVIOUR: MEME CULTURE, DARK HUMOUR & FREE SPEECH UNDER INDIAN LAW A LEGAL ANALYSIS & PROPOSAL OF THE CONTEXTUAL HARM TEST Rohit Prasad Pal, Lawyer at District and Session court (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.203 The rapid evolution of internet culture, particularly meme culture and dark humour, has significantly outpaced the legal and The rapid evolution of internet culture, particularly meme culture and dark humour, has significantly outpaced the legal and judicial frameworks governing online expression in India. Digital satire, parody, and humorous content have emerged as important forms of public discourse; however, creators frequently face criminal proceedings under laws that were not designed to address the unique characteristics of online communication. - [THE FRICTION OF FINANCIAL ERASURE: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE LEGAL CONFLICT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/06/05/the-friction-of-financial-erasure-an-analytical-study-on-the-legal-conflict/): THE FRICTION OF FINANCIAL ERASURE: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE LEGAL CONFLICT Chetanosho Shrikant Chilwant, Ph.D. Research Scholar at Yashwantrao Chavan Law College & Ph.D. Research Centre, Pune (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.202 The enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) marks a significant development in India’s evolving data governance framework by The enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) marks a significant development in India’s evolving data governance framework by recognizing the right to erasure as an extension of the constitutional right to privacy affirmed in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India. - [FORENSIC FINGERPRINTING: SCIENTIFIC ACCURACY AND LEGAL ADMISSIBILITY IN CRIMINAL TRIALS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/28/forensic-fingerprinting-scientific-accuracy-and-legal-admissibility-in-criminal-trials/): FORENSIC FINGERPRINTING: SCIENTIFIC ACCURACY AND LEGAL ADMISSIBILITY IN CRIMINAL TRIALS Sornalakshmi V S, 4th Semester, Student at the Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.201 Fingerprint evidence has developed as one of the most important forms of scientific evidence used in criminal investigations and court processes. Fingerprint identification’s reliability is mainly Fingerprint evidence has developed as one of the most important forms of scientific evidence used in criminal investigations and court processes. Fingerprint identification’s reliability is mainly based on the principles of individuality and permanence. These principles have helped courts and investigating agencies to use fingerprint analysis as an effective mechanism for establishing identity and connecting accused people to crime scenes. - [CYBER CRIME AND CHANGING CONTOURS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN CYBERSPACE: A LEGAL AND POLICY PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/28/cyber-crime-and-changing-contours-of-criminal-liability-in-cyberspace-a-legal-and-policy-perspective/): CYBER CRIME AND CHANGING CONTOURS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN CYBERSPACE: A LEGAL AND POLICY PERSPECTIVE Manasa Ranjan Mishra, Assistant Professor at ICSS Law College, Bhadrak, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.200 The rampant proliferation and exponential surge of digital technologies have brought about drastic transformation in the genre, and modus operandi of criminal activities in cyberspace. The rampant proliferation and exponential surge of digital technologies have brought about drastic transformation in the genre, and modus operandi of criminal activities in cyberspace. Cyber-crime, being heterogenous unlike conventional crimes, is distinguished by the trait of its obscurity, cosmopolitan presence and technological intricacy that purporting to pose potential threat to traditional nuances of criminal liability embedded in territorial jurisdiction and physical presence. - [ROLE OF DNA PROFILING IN FORENSIC SCIENCE UNDER THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/26/role-of-dna-profiling-in-forensic-science-under-the-criminal-justice-system/): ROLE OF DNA PROFILING IN FORENSIC SCIENCE UNDER THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Appoorvaa S, LL.M (Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Administration), 4th Semester, Student at School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.199 DNA profiling is one of the most significant developments that have transformed the DNA profiling is one of the most significant developments that have transformed the area of forensic science, providing a highly reliable method of identification of humans. DNA profiling in criminal investigation is greatly helping various law enforcement agencies to identify criminals, whether guilty or innocent. - [ELITE CLASS DEVIANCE AND CRIME ACCOUNTABILITY: A STUDY OF THE WANCHOO COMMITTEE REPORT (1971)](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/26/elite-class-deviance-and-crime-accountability-a-study-of-the-wanchoo-committee-report-1971/): ELITE CLASS DEVIANCE AND CRIME ACCOUNTABILITY: A STUDY OF THE WANCHOO COMMITTEE REPORT (1971) Appoorvaa S, LL.M (Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Administration), 4th Semester, Student at School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.198 The Wanchoo Committee Report (1971), also known as the Report of The Wanchoo Committee Report (1971), also known as the Report of the Direct Taxes Enquiry Committee constituted under the chairmanship of Justice K.N Wanchoo, was a major turning point in the Indian government’s attitude towards black money and tax compliance. Formed into a scenario where high taxation rates, tax evasion, and unaccounted wealth were pressing issues, the Committee made a thorough review of the direct tax system. - [TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY: LEGAL GOVERNANCE OF END-OF-LIFE VEHICLES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/25/towards-a-circular-economy-legal-governance-of-end-of-life-vehicles-in-india/): TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY: LEGAL GOVERNANCE OF END-OF-LIFE VEHICLES IN INDIA K.M.Nanditha, Assistant Professor at ISBR Law College, Bengaluru, Karnataka (India) Aswath Reddy M, Assistant Professor at Patel Law College, Bengaluru, Karnataka (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.197 The growth of urban areas in India and the increased ownership of motor vehicles, has led to a large The growth of urban areas in India and the increased ownership of motor vehicles, has led to a large number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) being produced, creating a serious issue for urban waste management and environmental governance, if these ELVs are not effectively regulated, they can cause serious environmental damage, risk to public health and wastage of resources when disposed of, particularly within densely populated urban centres where most ELVs are dismantled by informal operators. - [HUMAN RIGHTS OF PRISONERS IN INDIA: A CRIMINOLOGICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/23/human-rights-of-prisoners-in-india-a-criminological-and-constitutional-study/): HUMAN RIGHTS OF PRISONERS IN INDIA: A CRIMINOLOGICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL STUDY Geetanjali Sharma, LLM, 2nd Semester, Student at Jagannath University (India) Dr. Alaknanda Rajawat, Jagannath University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.196 The issue of prisoners’ human rights in India lies at the intersection of constitutional law and criminological thought. This study examines how far the Indian The issue of prisoners’ human rights in India lies at the intersection of constitutional law and criminological thought. This study examines how far the Indian legal system ensures the protection of these rights by analyzing constitutional provisions, judicial developments, and the actual conditions within prisons. - [WHY INDIA HAS NOT CRIMINALIZED MARITAL RAPE: LEGISLATIVE HISTORY, JUDICIAL STANCE, AND SOCIETAL RESISTANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/23/why-india-has-not-criminalized-marital-rape-legislative-history-judicial-stance-and-societal-resistance/): WHY INDIA HAS NOT CRIMINALIZED MARITAL RAPE: LEGISLATIVE HISTORY, JUDICIAL STANCE, AND SOCIETAL RESISTANCE Divya Soni, BBA LLB (H), 2nd Semester, Student at Jaipur National University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.195 India is among the decreasing numbers of countries where there exists an exemption to husbands from criminal liability for committing sexual assault against their spouses. India is among the decreasing numbers of countries where there exists an exemption to husbands from criminal liability for committing sexual assault against their spouses. Section 375 of the IPC, which is currently reiterated without any changes in BNS, 2023 through Exception 2, makes it clear that sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own wife, provided that the wife does not constitute a minor under the age of eighteen years, is not rape. - [ANALYZING THE LINK BETWEEN DIGITAL PROFILE AND REAL-WORLD OFFENCES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/23/analyzing-the-link-between-digital-profile-and-real-world-offences/): ANALYZING THE LINK BETWEEN DIGITAL PROFILE AND REAL-WORLD OFFENCES Harsh Khatri, B.A.LL.B. (H), 10th Semester, Student at Atal Bihari Vajpayee School of Legal Studies, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.194 The proliferation of digital technologies has sparked a sociotechnical revolution that has fundamentally reorganized the structures of human identity and interpersonal The proliferation of digital technologies has sparked a sociotechnical revolution that has fundamentally reorganized the structures of human identity and interpersonal relationships. While digital profiles were first introduced as safe havens of social networking information, their use has been extended to become highly detailed "datafied identities," including personal details such as biometric characteristics, geo-location information, profession, and behavior. - [THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONUNDRUM OF CURATIVE JURISDICTION IN ARBITRATION: RECONCILING ARTICLE 142, FINALITY, AND THE PRO-ARBITRATION MANDATE OF SECTION 5 IN THE LIGHT OF DMRC V. DAMEPL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/23/the-constitutional-conundrum-of-curative-jurisdiction-in-arbitration-reconciling-article-142-finality-and-the-pro-arbitration-mandate-of-section-5-in-the-light-of-dmrc-v-damepl/): THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONUNDRUM OF CURATIVE JURISDICTION IN ARBITRATION: RECONCILING ARTICLE 142, FINALITY, AND THE PRO-ARBITRATION MANDATE OF SECTION 5 IN THE LIGHT OF DMRC V. DAMEPL Ananya Rai, B.A. LL.B. (H), 6th Semester, Student at Institute of Law, Nirma University, Ahmedabad (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.193 The Supreme Court of India’s curative ruling in Delhi Metro The Supreme Court of India’s curative ruling in Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. v. Delhi Airport Metro Express Pvt. Ltd. (2024) has reopened a foundational question that lies at the seam between constitutional jurisdiction and arbitral autonomy: when, if ever, may the Court invoke its inherent powers under Article 142 of the Constitution to undo an arbitral award that has already withstood challenge under Sections 34 and 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, an appeal under Article 136, and a subsequent review? - [FROM VICTIM TO VILLAIN: A FORENSIC AND LINGUISTIC INQUIRY INTO THE CONSTRUCTION OF CRIMINAL IDENTITY IN THE AGE OF DEEPFAKES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/23/from-victim-to-villain-a-forensic-and-linguistic-inquiry-into-the-construction-of-criminal-identity-in-the-age-of-deepfakes/): FROM VICTIM TO VILLAIN: A FORENSIC AND LINGUISTIC INQUIRY INTO THE CONSTRUCTION OF CRIMINAL IDENTITY IN THE AGE OF DEEPFAKES Neha Goyal, Assistant Prof. at Indore Institute of Law (India) Siddharth Sinha, Assistant Prof. at Indore Institute of Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.192 Deepfake technology has transformed the creation and dissemination of digital content by Deepfake technology has transformed the creation and dissemination of digital content by enabling the generation of highly realistic synthetic audio, video, and images. While these tools have legitimate applications in entertainment, education, and accessibility, their misuse has created significant challenges for criminal law, evidentiary standards, and the protection of personal identity. - [RIGHT TO SAFE TRAVEL ON HIGHWAYS AS AN INTEGRAL FACET OF ARTICLE 21: CONSTITUTIONALIZING ROAD SAFETY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/right-to-safe-travel-on-highways-as-an-integral-facet-of-article-21-constitutionalizing-road-safety-in-india/): RIGHT TO SAFE TRAVEL ON HIGHWAYS AS AN INTEGRAL FACET OF ARTICLE 21: CONSTITUTIONALIZING ROAD SAFETY IN INDIA Anushri Joshi, LL.M., 2nd year, Student at BSM Law College, Roorkee, Uttarakhand (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.191 “A road, particularly a high-speed Expressway, must not become a corridor of peril due to administrative lethargy or infrastructural gaps.” – “A road, particularly a high-speed Expressway, must not become a corridor of peril due to administrative lethargy or infrastructural gaps.” – Supreme Court of India. The expansion of highways and expressways has transformed India’s transportation network, facilitating trade, connectivity, and economic growth. This infrastructural advancement has simultaneously intensified concerns relating to road accidents, unsafe highway conditions, and preventable fatalities. India records one of the highest numbers of road accident deaths globally, with National Highways accounting for a disproportionately high percentage of fatalities despite constituting only a small portion of the total road network. - [INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CORPORATE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/integration-of-artificial-intelligence-in-corporate-management-opportunities-challenges-and-ethical-implications-in-india/): INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CORPORATE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS IN INDIA Adv. Akshat Chauhan, LLM (Corporate Law), Scholar at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Ms. Garima Mohan Prasad, Assistant Professor at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.190 Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming corporate management in India by influencing managerial Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming corporate management in India by influencing managerial decision-making, workflow automation, compliance monitoring, customer engagement, financial analysis, risk assessment, and strategic planning across diverse business sectors. In the Indian regulatory landscape, AI adoption is developing within a governance framework shaped by policy initiatives and soft-law guidance issued by NITI Aayog and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), alongside sector-specific oversight by regulatory authorities such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). - [ALGORITHMIC CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: BOARD ACCOUNTABILITY FOR AI-DRIVEN BUSINESS DECISIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/algorithmic-corporate-governance-in-india-board-accountability-for-ai-driven-business-decisions/): ALGORITHMIC CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: BOARD ACCOUNTABILITY FOR AI-DRIVEN BUSINESS DECISIONS Nayana M. S, LL.M, 4th Semester, Student at J.S.S Law College (India) Usharani M.C, Professor at J.S.S Law College (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.189 The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into corporate governance structures has transformed the manner in which companies undertake decision-making, risk The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into corporate governance structures has transformed the manner in which companies undertake decision-making, risk assessment, compliance management, and strategic planning. While algorithmic systems enhance efficiency and predictive capabilities, they simultaneously create complex legal and governance concerns relating to transparency, accountability, fiduciary obligations, and regulatory oversight. - [A CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE RIGHT TO DECENT WORK: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA, SOUTH AFRICA, BRAZIL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/a-constitutional-perspective-on-the-right-to-decent-work-a-comparative-study-of-india-south-africa-brazil/): A CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE RIGHT TO DECENT WORK: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA, SOUTH AFRICA, BRAZIL Adv. Charu Sharma, Practicing Advocate at Jawali, Himachal Pradesh (India) Shubham Upadhaya, LL.M. Scholar at Faculty of Legal Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.188 This study examines the constitutional status of the right to This study examines the constitutional status of the right to decent work in India, South Africa, and Brazil, three major democracies of the Global South that confront persistent labour-market inequalities and significant informal employment. The concept of decent work derives from international legal and policy frameworks, particularly the International Labour Organization's Decent Work Agenda and Articles 6 to 8 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. - [THE DOCTRINE OF FORCE MAJEURE IN THE AGE OF SMART CONTRACTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION AND ALGORITHMIC EXECUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/the-doctrine-of-force-majeure-in-the-age-of-smart-contracts-a-comparative-analysis-of-judicial-interpretation-and-algorithmic-execution/): THE DOCTRINE OF FORCE MAJEURE IN THE AGE OF SMART CONTRACTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION AND ALGORITHMIC EXECUTION Abhishek Kumar, LL.M, Gujarat National Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.187 The rise of blockchain technology and smart contracts has created a structural dissonance at the heart of commercial law, as the deterministic inflexibility of The rise of blockchain technology and smart contracts has created a structural dissonance at the heart of commercial law, as the deterministic inflexibility of code meets the flexible equity of centuries of contract law. Perhaps nowhere is this dissonance more pronounced than in the application of force majeure, a concept whose very definition relies on human interpretation, foreseeability, and judicial intervention. - [ALGORITHMIC MANAGEMENT IN THE GIG ECONOMY: CHALLENGES TO LABOUR RIGHTS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/algorithmic-management-in-the-gig-economy-challenges-to-labour-rights-in-india/): ALGORITHMIC MANAGEMENT IN THE GIG ECONOMY: CHALLENGES TO LABOUR RIGHTS IN INDIA Souvik Ghosh, LL.M. (Business law), Student at Amity University, Kolkata (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.186 The gig economy has rapidly expanded in India due to the growth of digital platforms such as Uber, Ola, Swiggy, and Zomato. These platforms have created new earning opportunities The gig economy has rapidly expanded in India due to the growth of digital platforms such as Uber, Ola, Swiggy, and Zomato. These platforms have created new earning opportunities by connecting workers and customers through mobile applications and digital technologies. Although gig work is often presented as flexible and independent, it has also created serious concerns regarding labour rights and worker protection. - [THE CONSTITUTIONAL TRILEMMA: EXECUTIVE OVERREACH, POLITICAL MISTRUST, AND THE SUPREMACY OF INFORMAL POWER-SHARING IN SOMALIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/21/the-constitutional-trilemma-executive-overreach-political-mistrust-and-the-supremacy-of-informal-power-sharing-in-somalia/): THE CONSTITUTIONAL TRILEMMA: EXECUTIVE OVERREACH, POLITICAL MISTRUST, AND THE SUPREMACY OF INFORMAL POWER-SHARING IN SOMALIA Mohamed Abdullahi Ismail, Faculty of Law, Mogadishu University Mogadishu, Somalia Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.185 This research article provides a critical legal analysis of the protracted constitutional crisis in the Federal Republic of Somalia, currently exacerbated by the unilateral transition from the This research article provides a critical legal analysis of the protracted constitutional crisis in the Federal Republic of Somalia, currently exacerbated by the unilateral transition from the 2012 Provisional Constitution to a newly amended framework. While the 2012 document enjoyed a degree of broad-based political consensus, the study posits that the current review process is trapped in a "Trilemma" involving Executive Overreach, systemic Political Mistrust, and a profound Crisis of Federal Consensus. - [THE PROLIFERATION OF HATE SPEECH IN THE AGE OF RIGHT TO FREE SPEECH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/the-proliferation-of-hate-speech-in-the-age-of-right-to-free-speech/): THE PROLIFERATION OF HATE SPEECH IN THE AGE OF RIGHT TO FREE SPEECH Ms. Ankita Agarwal, Assistant Professor at School of Law, IFTM University (India) Dr Manisha Matolia, Associate Professor at School of Law, IFTM University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.184 It is difficult to determine when and where to draw the boundary between “hateful speech” It is difficult to determine when and where to draw the boundary between "hateful speech" and "freedom of expression." For a true democracy, the former is absolutely necessary, whereas the latter is the exact opposite barrier. In this work, the author examines this deference using pertinent case law and customs. Limitations on "freedom of speech," which is fundamental to a democratic society, are scrutinized. - [RETHINKING INDONESIA’S DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM: WHY IS A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY WORTH CONSIDERING?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/rethinking-indonesias-democratic-system-why-is-a-constitutional-monarchy-worth-considering/): RETHINKING INDONESIA’S DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM: WHY IS A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY WORTH CONSIDERING? Ardhes Blandhivay Leuanan, Master of Laws, Student at Padjadjaran University, (Indonesia) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.183 This article critically analyses Tom Ginsburg’s thesis on constitutional monarchy as a counter-majoritarian institution and tests its relevance to the diagnosis of Indonesia’s democratic crisis during the period 2014-2026. The This article critically analyses Tom Ginsburg’s thesis on constitutional monarchy as a counter-majoritarian institution and tests its relevance to the diagnosis of Indonesia’s democratic crisis during the period 2014-2026. The study employs a normative comparative legal method with a comparative constitutional analysis approach to key 2018-2026 literature and to empirical data from V-Dem, Freedom House, and the Economist Intelligence Unit; the conceptual approach is emphasised because the discussion engages doctrinal categories rather than primary empirical fieldwork. - [PREDATORS ON THE MOVE: ZERO FIR AS A REMISSION IN PERSPECTIVE OF BANGLADESH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/predators-on-the-move-zero-fir-as-a-remission-in-perspective-of-bangladesh/): PREDATORS ON THE MOVE: ZERO FIR AS A REMISSION IN PERSPECTIVE OF BANGLADESH Mafruza Sultana, Assistant Professor & Chairperson at Department of Law, Uttara University, Bangladesh Syeda Afroza Zerin, Professor & Dean at School of Arts and Social Sciences, Uttara University, Bangladesh Niamur Raquib, Lecturer at Department of Law, Uttara University, Bangladesh Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.182 Rising incidents of robbery, sexual harassment, trafficking, and other offences committed in public transport and during travel in Bangladesh expose persistent procedural barriers that obstruct victims' prompt access to justice. The registration of a First Information Report (FIR) is the foundational step in the criminal process; however, police stations frequently refuse to receive complaints on the ground of territorial jurisdiction, causing delay and increasing the risk of evidence loss and further victimization. - [AI, FAIRNESS AND FINANCIAL DATA: A LEGAL STUDY OF INDIA’S UPDATED DATA PROTECTION RULES FOR BANKS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/ai-fairness-and-financial-data-a-legal-study-of-indias-updated-data-protection-rules-for-banks/): AI, FAIRNESS AND FINANCIAL DATA: A LEGAL STUDY OF INDIA’S UPDATED DATA PROTECTION RULES FOR BANKS Pranav Kumar Saxena, B.A. LL.B. (H), LL.M., Associate Vice President (Legal), Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd. (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.181 Artificial Intelligence (AI) now plays a central role in India’s banking sector. Banks depend on AI systems for scoring credit Artificial Intelligence (AI) now plays a central role in India’s banking sector. Banks depend on AI systems for scoring credit risk, detecting fraud, monitoring transactions, automating customer interactions and supporting compliance processes. These systems promise efficiency and scale, but they also rely on continuous processing of personal and financial data. - [FROM GLOBAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS TO LOCAL RESILIENCE: LEGAL INNOVATIONS, LOCAL CAPACITY AND GOVERNANCE PATHWAYS FOR CLIMATE JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/from-global-climate-agreements-to-local-resilience-legal-innovations-local-capacity-and-governance-pathways-for-climate-justice/): FROM GLOBAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS TO LOCAL RESILIENCE: LEGAL INNOVATIONS, LOCAL CAPACITY AND GOVERNANCE PATHWAYS FOR CLIMATE JUSTICE Omoyemen Lucia Odigie-Emmanuel, Nigerian Law School, Centre for Human Rights & Climate Change Research Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.180 Climate change presents one of the most significant governance and legal challenges of the twenty-first century, particularly for vulnerable states whose Climate change presents one of the most significant governance and legal challenges of the twenty-first century, particularly for vulnerable states whose adaptive capacity remains constrained by institutional, financial and regulatory limitations. While international climate agreements have established important frameworks for mitigation and adaptation, the translation of these commitments into effective governance systems remains uneven across jurisdictions. - [LAW’S SILENCE ON BESTIALITY IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/laws-silence-on-bestiality-in-india/): LAW’S SILENCE ON BESTIALITY IN INDIA Ankita Khamari, Research Scholar at PG Department of Law, Sambalpur University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.179 The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 marks a significant shift in India’s criminal law framework, replacing the colonial Indian Penal Code. However, this transition has resulted in an unintended yet serious legislative The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 marks a significant shift in India’s criminal law framework, replacing the colonial Indian Penal Code. However, this transition has resulted in an unintended yet serious legislative gap, the omission of provisions addressing bestiality. Historically, Section 377 of the IPC criminalised “carnal intercourse against the order of nature,” encompassing sexual acts with animals. - [EVALUATING THE CONSTITUTIONAL INTERSECTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILING AND THE EMERGING NEED FOR NEURO-RIGHTS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/20/evaluating-the-constitutional-intersection-of-psychological-profiling-and-the-emerging-need-for-neuro-rights-in-india/): EVALUATING THE CONSTITUTIONAL INTERSECTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILING AND THE EMERGING NEED FOR NEURO-RIGHTS IN INDIA Palak P Kumar, B.A LL. B (H), 8th Semester, Student at Amity University Haryana (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.178 Cerebral Perceptivity is a crucial asset in the criminal justice system, easing crime prevention, improving investigative processes, guiding informed legal decisions, and Cerebral Perceptivity is a crucial asset in the criminal justice system, easing crime prevention, improving investigative processes, guiding informed legal decisions, and ensuring effective rehabilitation of offenders. These roles are linked to litigation, as psychological assessments and expert opinions stemming from this perceptivity are often presented as evidence in court, affecting both prosecution and defence tactics. - [WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND INCLUSIVE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/16/women-empowerment-and-inclusive-social-development-a-legal-perspective/): WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND INCLUSIVE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE Aarzoo, LL.M., Scholar at Faculty of Legal Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India) Shubham Upadhaya, LL.M., Scholar at Faculty of Legal Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.177 Women empowerment entails the provision of social advancement systems, economic growth systems, and the Women empowerment entails the provision of social advancement systems, economic growth systems, and the creation of inclusive gender equality systems. Part of women’s empowerment is providing women with the resources and rights to make decisions and participate in their communities. Education is essential to the process of empowerment, providing women the tools to uplift their status, both economically and socially. - [DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE UNDER MUSLIM LAW WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TRIPLE TALAQ: A FEMINIST CRITIQUE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/16/dissolution-of-marriage-under-muslim-law-with-special-reference-to-triple-talaq-a-feminist-critique/): DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE UNDER MUSLIM LAW WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TRIPLE TALAQ: A FEMINIST CRITIQUE Dr. D.P. Verma, Professor (Head) at HPU Regional Centre Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh University (India) Kalyani Acharya, Ph.D., Research Scholar at Himachal Pradesh University (Former Research Associate at Himachal Pradesh National Law University) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.176 This paper advances a This paper advances a feminist critique of legislative interventions across both the colonial and post-colonial eras, examining how such interventions have profoundly shaped the evolution of Muslim personal law, with particular emphasis on the dissolution of marriage and, specifically, the practice of triple talaq. - [CYBER RISK ASSOCIATED WITH QR CODES AND THEIR REGULATION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/16/cyber-risk-associated-with-qr-codes-and-their-regulation-in-india/): CYBER RISK ASSOCIATED WITH QR CODES AND THEIR REGULATION IN INDIA Akshaya A, LLM (Cyber Space Law and Justice), 1st Year, Student at School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu, Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.175 QR code (Quick response codes) are one of the major digital transformations in India. Several QR code (Quick response codes) are one of the major digital transformations in India. Several countries around the world have adopted QR code for availing various digital services, most especially for mobile payments. Every digital development will definitely have risks or complications, threats and vulnerabilities. - [FROM "OBJECTS OF SYMPATHY" TO "SUBJECTS OF RIGHTS": REIMAGINING DISABILITY RIGHTS IN INDIA WITH "DOCTRINE OF SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY" AND "DOCTRINE OF REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION"](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/16/from-objects-of-sympathy-to-subjects-of-rights-reimagining-disability-rights-in-india-with-doctrine-of-substantive-equality-and-doctrine-of-reasonable-accommodation/): FROM "OBJECTS OF SYMPATHY" TO "SUBJECTS OF RIGHTS": REIMAGINING DISABILITY RIGHTS IN INDIA WITH "DOCTRINE OF SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY" AND "DOCTRINE OF REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION" Harshita Tholiya, Research Associate at High Court of Judicature, Allahabad, (India) Manik Tindwani, Advocate at Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.174 Indian disability law has moved far from treating “persons Indian disability law has moved far from treating “persons with disabilities” as “objects of sympathy” to treating them as “especially abled individuals” as “subjects of rights”, but ground reality is still far aloof from this doctrinal vision. This paper challenges charity model and medicalised view that disability lies mainly in defective body or mind. It argues that Indian law now speaks different language. - [RULE OF LAW: UNDERSTANDING ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN UPHOLDING CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/16/rule-of-law-understanding-its-significance-in-upholding-constitutional-order-and-individual-liberties/): RULE OF LAW: UNDERSTANDING ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN UPHOLDING CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES Khushboo Rupani, Ph.D., Research Scholar at School of Legal Studies, Vikrant University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.173 The study investigates how the Rule of Law serves as an essential requirement which enables constitutional governance to function in India while investigating The study investigates how the Rule of Law serves as an essential requirement which enables constitutional governance to function in India while investigating its power to maintain constitutional order and its capacity to safeguard personal rights. The assessment of the Rule of Law begins with the Constitution's essential principles which establish its fundamental elements and operational elements which include constitutional supremacy and restricted government and non-arbitrary decision making and equality and accountability. - [BEYOND PROTECTION: REASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POCSO IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/13/beyond-protection-reassessing-the-effectiveness-of-pocso-in-india/): BEYOND PROTECTION: REASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POCSO IN INDIA Dr. Priyadarshini Samantray, Assistant Professor at Dhenkanal Law College, Dhenkanal, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.172 Enacted in 2012, India’s Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) constitutes the country’s principal legislative response to child sexual abuse. This article examines the central research question of whether Enacted in 2012, India’s Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) constitutes the country’s principal legislative response to child sexual abuse. This article examines the central research question of whether POCSO has effectively achieved its protective objectives after more than a decade of implementation, and to what extent its effectiveness should be assessed through broader indicators than conviction rates alone. - [APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL OF JUDGES IN INDIA: TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND THE COLLEGIUM DEBATE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/12/appointment-and-removal-of-judges-in-india-transparency-accountability-and-the-collegium-debate/): APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL OF JUDGES IN INDIA: TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND THE COLLEGIUM DEBATE Aditya Pal, JRF-Ph.D., Scholar at SICMSS, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar (India) Dhriti Pragya, BBA LL. B, 2nd year, Student at SCLML, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.171 Judicial independence is the cornerstone of any constitutional democracy, be it that of Judicial independence is the cornerstone of any constitutional democracy, be it that of India or anywhere else. Thereby the processes of appointment as well as removal of Judges has been a central topic of debate regarding separation of powers as propound by Montesquieu. This paper critically examines the constitutional framework overseeing judicial appointments under the ambit of Articles 124 and 217 and the removal of these judges through impeachment procedure under clause (4) of Article 124 and the Judges Inquiry Act, 1968. - [CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF FACELESS ASSESSMENT AND ADJUDICATION SYSTEMS UNDER INCOME TAX: NEED TO REIMAGINE THE PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/12/critical-analysis-of-faceless-assessment-and-adjudication-systems-under-income-tax-need-to-reimagine-the-principles-of-natural-justice/): CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF FACELESS ASSESSMENT AND ADJUDICATION SYSTEMS UNDER INCOME TAX: NEED TO REIMAGINE THE PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL JUSTICE Arunkumar A, LL.M., Student at Gujarat National Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.170 Digitisation and the use of artificial intelligence in tax administration have brought immense benefits to both the assessees and the government: ease of Digitisation and the use of artificial intelligence in tax administration have brought immense benefits to both the assessees and the government: ease of compliance for the former and reduced collection and enforcement costs for the latter. At the same time, they have raised significant concerns about the changing paradigm in adjudicatory jurisprudence. - [MISLEADING ADVERTISEMENTS IN INDIA: CONTENT-BASED LIABILITY TO PLATFORM GOVERNANCE IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/12/misleading-advertisements-in-india-content-based-liability-to-platform-governance-in-the-digital-age/): MISLEADING ADVERTISEMENTS IN INDIA: CONTENT-BASED LIABILITY TO PLATFORM GOVERNANCE IN THE DIGITAL AGE Ananya Sharma, BA LLB(H), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.169 In 2020 the digital economy has masked distinctions between traditional advertising, influencer marketing and immersive, sensory real time marketing, creating a playful ecosystem In 2020 the digital economy has masked distinctions between traditional advertising, influencer marketing and immersive, sensory real time marketing, creating a playful ecosystem of commercial influence that evades regulation in India. This paper is organized into six parts. Part I introduces the research problem and conceptual framework. - [CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FRAUD PREVENTION IN INDIAN COMPANIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/12/corporate-governance-and-fraud-prevention-in-indian-companies/): CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FRAUD PREVENTION IN INDIAN COMPANIES Ms. Anchal, LL.M, Student at University School of Law, Rayat Bahra University Sahauran, District Mohali Punjab (India) Ms. Gayatri, Assistant Professor at University School of Law, Rayat Bahra University Sahauran, District Mohali Punjab (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.168 Corporate governance constitutes the foundational framework through which companies are Corporate governance constitutes the foundational framework through which companies are directed, managed, and controlled. It ensures that business operations are conducted in a fair, transparent, accountable, and responsible manner, thereby safeguarding the interests of shareholders, employees, creditors, customers, and the public at large. - [EVOLUTION AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF POCSO AND CONSENT LAW IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/12/evolution-and-legal-framework-of-pocso-and-consent-law-in-india/): EVOLUTION AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF POCSO AND CONSENT LAW IN INDIA Vaibhavi Pandey, 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.167 The evolution of child protection laws in India reflects a gradual shift from a fragmented criminal law approach to a specialised statutory framework designed to safeguard children from The evolution of child protection laws in India reflects a gradual shift from a fragmented criminal law approach to a specialised statutory framework designed to safeguard children from sexual offences. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSO Act) constitutes a significant legislative development in this regard, as it establishes comprehensive substantive and procedural protections and adopts a strict liability model under which the consent of any person below eighteen years of age is legally irrelevant. - [REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DEEPFAKES IN INDIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF PRIVACY, PLATFORM LIABILITY, CYBERCRIME, AND CONSTITUTIONAL FREE SPEECH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/11/regulating-artificial-intelligence-and-deepfakes-in-india-a-legal-analysis-of-privacy-platform-liability-cybercrime-and-constitutional-free-speech/): REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DEEPFAKES IN INDIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF PRIVACY, PLATFORM LIABILITY, CYBERCRIME, AND CONSTITUTIONAL FREE SPEECH Ishani Chhaudha, Asian Law College, Ccs University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.166 Artificial intelligence has evolved from a computational tool into a powerful medium of expression shaping identity, political communication, advertising, and social interaction. Deepfakes, synthetic audio, Artificial intelligence has evolved from a computational tool into a powerful medium of expression shaping identity, political communication, advertising, and social interaction. Deepfakes, synthetic audio, face swaps, voice cloning, and other forms of generative media create legal harms that intersect with privacy, defamation, fraud, cybercrime, intermediary liability, electoral integrity, and constitutional free speech. - [JUSTICE BEHIND BARS: A STUDY OF SENTENCE REVIEW BOARD OF DELHI](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/11/justice-behind-bars-a-study-of-sentence-review-board-of-delhi/): JUSTICE BEHIND BARS: A STUDY OF SENTENCE REVIEW BOARD OF DELHI Sriyansh Shrey, BA LLB (H), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.165 This paper critically examines the functioning of the Sentence Review Board (SRB) in Delhi within the framework of the Delhi Prison Rules, 2018, and the constitutional guarantees This paper critically examines the functioning of the Sentence Review Board (SRB) in Delhi within the framework of the Delhi Prison Rules, 2018, and the constitutional guarantees of equality and personal liberty under Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India. The study addresses the central question whether the SRB, which is intended to operationalize the reformative theory of punishment through periodic review of life convicts eligible for premature release, functions in a manner consistent with statutory and constitutional requirements. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A JURIDICAL PERSON: RETHINKING ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE ERA OF AUTOMATED DECISION MAKING BY AI](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/11/artificial-intelligence-as-a-juridical-person-rethinking-accountability-in-the-era-of-automated-decision-making-by-ai/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A JURIDICAL PERSON: RETHINKING ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE ERA OF AUTOMATED DECISION MAKING BY AI Aditya Pal, JRF-Ph.D., 2nd Semester, Scholar at SICMSS, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar-382305 (India) Honey Shankhwar, LL.M (Business Law), 2nd Semester, Student at Dharmashastra National Law University (DNLU), Jabalpur-482001 (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.164 Artificial Intelligence OR simply AI has Artificial Intelligence OR simply AI has evolved rapidly from its humble beginnings in ‘cybernetics’ and ‘machine learning’ (ML) into a pervasive force which is now shaping governance, commerce and even social interactions. Following the trajectory of its evolution and developments like ‘Large Language Models’(LLMs), generative AI, Internet of Things (IoT), and the race of achieving ‘Artificial General Intelligence’, the time is now ripe to address the issue of accountability with regards to the ‘autonomous’ acts of AI systems. Traditional legal regimes were designed for humans and corporate entities. - [CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION IN THE MODERN ERA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/09/criminal-investigation-in-the-modern-era/): CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION IN THE MODERN ERA Nivea Robin D Cruz, LL.M (Criminal Law), 3rd Semester, Student at Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.163 Criminal investigation has undergone a significant transformation in the modern era due to rapid technological advancements, globalization, and evolving patterns of crime. Traditional investigative methods, which relied heavily on eyewitness Criminal investigation has undergone a significant transformation in the modern era due to rapid technological advancements, globalization, and evolving patterns of crime. Traditional investigative methods, which relied heavily on eyewitness testimony and confessions, have gradually been supplemented and in some cases replaced by sophisticated tools such as forensic science, digital surveillance, artificial intelligence, and cyber investigation techniques. - [FISCAL FEDERALISM: THE SCOPE OF UNION INTERVENTION IN STATE “FREEBIE” CULTURES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/09/fiscal-federalism-the-scope-of-union-intervention-in-state-freebie-cultures/): FISCAL FEDERALISM: THE SCOPE OF UNION INTERVENTION IN STATE “FREEBIE” CULTURES Aakash Jogpal, LL.M, 2nd Semester, Student at Gujarat National Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.162 The proliferation of “freebie” culture by state governments is one of the most contested practices within India’s constitutional fiscal architecture. It gives rise to an intense constitutional and economic The proliferation of “freebie” culture by state governments is one of the most contested practices within India’s constitutional fiscal architecture. It gives rise to an intense constitutional and economic debate concerning the proper limits of federal intervention. This paper examines the tension between the fiscal emergency powers of the Union and the constitutional guarantees of fiscal federalism afforded to states in resource allocation. - [THE DATA PROTECTION BOARD OF INDIA: AN ANALYSIS OF ITS INDEPENDENCE, ADJUDICATORY POWERS, AND THE ABSENCE OF JUDICIAL MEMBERS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/08/the-data-protection-board-of-india-an-analysis-of-its-independence-adjudicatory-powers-and-the-absence-of-judicial-members/): THE DATA PROTECTION BOARD OF INDIA: AN ANALYSIS OF ITS INDEPENDENCE, ADJUDICATORY POWERS, AND THE ABSENCE OF JUDICIAL MEMBERS Aalya Hussain, LL.M, Student at Faculty of Legal Studies, Usha Martin University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.161 The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act), marks a watershed moment in India’s journey towards establishing a comprehensive The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act), marks a watershed moment in India's journey towards establishing a comprehensive data protection framework. Central to this legislative architecture is the Data Protection Board of India (DPB), a body vested with significant adjudicatory powers, including the authority to impose penalties up to ₹250 crore. - [A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE ADMISSIBILITY: INDIA'S BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023 VIS-A-VIS THE US FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE AND THE EU eIDAS REGULATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/08/a-comparative-study-of-electronic-evidence-admissibility-indias-bharatiya-sakshya-adhiniyam-2023-vis-a-vis-the-us-federal-rules-of-evidence-and-the-eu-eidas-regulation/): A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE ADMISSIBILITY: INDIA'S BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023 VIS-A-VIS THE US FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE AND THE EU eIDAS REGULATION Mr. Shubh Gupta, B.A. LL.B. (H), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.160 The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) represents a landmark legislative The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) represents a landmark legislative overhaul of India's law of evidence, replacing the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, with a framework ostensibly calibrated for the digital age. This paper undertakes a systematic comparative analysis of the electronic evidence admissibility regime under the BSA vis-a-vis two of the most developed and influential frameworks globally: the United States Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) and the European Union's Regulation on Electronic Identification and Trust Services (eIDAS Regulation, 910/2014). - [BLACK BOX LENDING: ALGORITHMIC CREDIT SCORING, THE EXPLANATORY DEFICIT, AND THE RIGHT TO FAIR CREDIT UNDER INDIA'S DIGITAL LENDING FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/08/black-box-lending-algorithmic-credit-scoring-the-explanatory-deficit-and-the-right-to-fair-credit-under-indias-digital-lending-framework/): BLACK BOX LENDING: ALGORITHMIC CREDIT SCORING, THE EXPLANATORY DEFICIT, AND THE RIGHT TO FAIR CREDIT UNDER INDIA'S DIGITAL LENDING FRAMEWORK Vaibhav Vishwanath Khedkar, Ph.D., Research Scholar at ABMS Parishad Yashwantrao Chavan Law College, Pune, Maharashtra (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.159 India’s digital lending market is projected to reach USD 515 billion by 2030 and is increasingly India's digital lending market is projected to reach USD 515 billion by 2030 and is increasingly spread by algorithmic credit scoring systems. These are the statistical models that ingest vast datasets and produce a single numerical decision outcome regarding the eligibility of the credit to the person. - [CROSS-BORDER MEDIA ACCESSIBILITY UNDER GATS: A STRUCTURAL IMBALANCE PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/08/cross-border-media-accessibility-under-gats-a-structural-imbalance-perspective/): CROSS-BORDER MEDIA ACCESSIBILITY UNDER GATS: A STRUCTURAL IMBALANCE PERSPECTIVE Valli S P, LL.M, 1st year, Student at University of Mysore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.158 This paper analyses cross-border media accessibility within the framework of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), with particular focus on the structural conditions that shape participation in global media This paper analyses cross-border media accessibility within the framework of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), with particular focus on the structural conditions that shape participation in global media markets. While GATS establishes a system of liberalisation through principles such as market access and national treatment, its reliance on negotiated commitments produces differentiated outcomes among member states. - [THE ROLE OF THE MEDIATORS IN MATRIMONIAL DISPUTES: THE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE FAMILY LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/08/the-role-of-the-mediators-in-matrimonial-disputes-the-analysis-of-alternative-dispute-resolution-in-the-family-law/): THE ROLE OF THE MEDIATORS IN MATRIMONIAL DISPUTES: THE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE FAMILY LAW Gracy Tanwar, LL.M, Student at National Law University, Odisha (India) Siddharth Abhishek, LL.M, Student at National Law University, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.157 The issue of matrimonial disagreement constitutes one of the most emotionally charged and socially The issue of matrimonial disagreement constitutes one of the most emotionally charged and socially sensitive issues in the system of law. Conventional litigation tends to further the animosity among the partners and can cause a lengthy court battle which can be detrimental to the family, especially their children. In this regard, mediation has been a strong alternative dispute resolution (ADR) tool that boasts of dialogue, collaboration and win-win solutions. - [EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF POSH ACT IMPLEMENTATION IN INDIAN SERVICE LAW: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE INTENT, JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION, AND PRACTICAL IMPEDIMENTS IN WORKPLACE SEXUAL HARASSMENT REDRESSAL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/evaluating-the-efficacy-of-posh-act-implementation-in-indian-service-law-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-legislative-intent-judicial-interpretation-and-practical-impediments-in-workplace-sexual-harassm/): EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF POSH ACT IMPLEMENTATION IN INDIAN SERVICE LAW: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE INTENT, JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION, AND PRACTICAL IMPEDIMENTS IN WORKPLACE SEXUAL HARASSMENT REDRESSAL Linshi Naresh Kharat, LL.M (Constitutional Law), Student at Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.156 The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and - [PRIVACY, SURVEILLANCE AND DATA PROTECTION IN THE DIGITAL PUBLIC SPHERE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/privacy-surveillance-and-data-protection-in-the-digital-public-sphere/): PRIVACY, SURVEILLANCE AND DATA PROTECTION IN THE DIGITAL PUBLIC SPHERE Arun Jaijeev, BBA LL. B, 6th Semester, Student at Christ Academy Institute of Law, Hullahalli, Begur Koppa Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka (India) Chilakala Aswini, BBA LL. B, 6th Semester, Student at Christ Academy Institute of Law, Hullahalli, Begur Koppa Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.155 The enactment of India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 arrives at a critical juncture following the Supreme Court's historic affirmation in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India (2017). Justice K.S. Puttaswamy was a retired judge of the Karnataka High Court, and the judgment recognised privacy as an intrinsic facet of the constitutional right to life and liberty. - [SAFEGUARDING THE GUARDIAN: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/safeguarding-the-guardian-a-comparative-perspective-on-judicial-independence/): SAFEGUARDING THE GUARDIAN: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE Nishchal Kumawat, LL.M., Student at Gujarat National Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.154 Progressing from the question ‘Why is the independence of the judiciary necessary?’ to ‘How to make the judiciary independent?’ The constitutional discourse has rightly shifted to ‘How to keep the judiciary independent?’ The Progressing from the question ‘Why is the independence of the judiciary necessary?’ to ‘How to make the judiciary independent?’ The constitutional discourse has rightly shifted to ‘How to keep the judiciary independent?’ The Aristotelian idea of separating functions has, to some extent, protected the independence of the judiciary vis-à-vis the executive and the legislature, but in the present, threats to the judiciary's independence have become more varied and eclectic. These threats not only arise from the other two organs of government but also from the people and the nation's politics. - [THE ROLE OF ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN FACILITATING CROSS-BORDER TRADE AND INVESTMENT: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/the-role-of-alternate-dispute-resolution-in-facilitating-cross-border-trade-and-investment-an-indian-perspective/): THE ROLE OF ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN FACILITATING CROSS-BORDER TRADE AND INVESTMENT: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE Aditya Kumar, Five-Year B.A. LLB. Degree Programme, Amity Law School, Amity University, Noida Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.153 This paper examines the role of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), particularly arbitration and mediation, in facilitating cross-border trade and investment in This paper examines the role of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), particularly arbitration and mediation, in facilitating cross-border trade and investment in India. The study addresses the central problem of inefficiencies in traditional litigation systems, which often deter foreign investors due to delays, high costs, and jurisdictional complexities. Adopting a doctrinal research methodology, the paper analyses statutory frameworks including the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, the Mediation Act, 2023, and relevant judicial precedents, alongside international instruments such as the UNCITRAL Model Law and the New York Convention. - [GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP: A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF AUTHORSHIP, ORIGINALITY, AND THE CRISIS OF CREATIVE ATTRIBUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/generative-artificial-intelligence-and-copyright-ownership-a-doctrinal-analysis-of-authorship-originality-and-the-crisis-of-creative-attribution/): GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP: A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF AUTHORSHIP, ORIGINALITY, AND THE CRISIS OF CREATIVE ATTRIBUTION Prachi Kotia, Assistant professor at NMIMS, Indore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.152 The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of producing literary works, musical compositions, visual art, and computer code with minimal or no human creative The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of producing literary works, musical compositions, visual art, and computer code with minimal or no human creative input has precipitated a profound doctrinal crisis within copyright law. The foundational construct of copyright, premised upon the existence of a human author who exercises creative judgment, is structurally ill-equipped to accommodate outputs generated by machine-learning models. - [PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS WITHOUT PHYSICAL PRESENCE: CAN AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM SURVIVE ODR?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/procedural-fairness-without-physical-presence-can-audi-alteram-partem-survive-odr/): PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS WITHOUT PHYSICAL PRESENCE: CAN AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM SURVIVE ODR? Prachi Chawla, LL.M. Batch 2025-2026, IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.151 The exponential growth in the application of ODR systems offers possibilities of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and increased accessibility, yet at the same time poses a threat to the very foundations of the The exponential growth in the application of ODR systems offers possibilities of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and increased accessibility, yet at the same time poses a threat to the very foundations of the audi alteram partem doctrine that is based on space and perception. The paper raises questions about whether “the right to be heard” remains conceptually intact within a digital forum and remains constitutional within an Indian context and common law tradition. - [SACRED VIOLENCE: THE GLOBAL ISLAMIZATION OF TERROR](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/06/sacred-violence-the-global-islamization-of-terror/): SACRED VIOLENCE: THE GLOBAL ISLAMIZATION OF TERROR Baibhab Datta, Student of Semester Eight, Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI), Hyderabad (TELENGANA), India Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.150 Whereas religion has historically been associated with terrorism it is clear that in current global discourses the notion of terrorism being largely a product of an inherent, inordinate Whereas religion has historically been associated with terrorism it is clear that in current global discourses the notion of terrorism being largely a product of an inherent, inordinate relation between the domain of religion and an overwhelming dominance of Islam and Muslimness continues to persist. The present work probes the veracity of this association: Is it an outcome of, and a reflection of, some empirically evident characteristics of current terrorist activity, or is it constructed primarily by the processes of media, geopolitics and security studies. - [SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST DALIT WOMEN: A CRITICAL STUDY OF JUDICIAL TRENDS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/05/04/sexual-violence-against-dalit-women-a-critical-study-of-judicial-trends/): This research paper critically examines judicial trends in cases of sexual violence against Dalit women in India through the intersecting lenses of caste, gen.. - [RECALIBRATING THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT, 1882: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DEFINITIONAL AMBIGUITIES, DOCTRINAL RIGIDITIES, AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/recalibrating-the-transfer-of-property-act-1882-a-critical-analysis-of-definitional-ambiguities-doctrinal-rigidities-and-contemporary-challenges/): RECALIBRATING THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT, 1882: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DEFINITIONAL AMBIGUITIES, DOCTRINAL RIGIDITIES, AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES Palak Jha, BALLB (H), 4th Semester, Student at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Deepansh Bhargava, BALLB (H) 4th Semester, Student at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.148 The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 remains the The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 remains the primary statute governing transfers of immovable property in India. However, its colonial origins create definitional ambiguities and rigid doctrines that are increasingly incompatible with modern economic and technological developments. Designed for an agrarian context, it inadequately addresses contemporary forms of property such as intangible assets, complex proprietary interests, and digital transactions. - [REVISITING GENDER NEUTRALITY IN THE POCSO ACT: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS AND SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/revisiting-gender-neutrality-in-the-pocso-act-an-exploratory-analysis-of-judicial-interpretations-and-societal-implications/): REVISITING GENDER NEUTRALITY IN THE POCSO ACT: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS AND SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS Gantav Gupta, Assistant Professor of Law (India) Manshi, Assistant Professor of Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.147 There’s a most famous question that “Why the POCSO is considered as a gender-neutral”? The answer to this question is “According to General There’s a most famous question that “Why the POCSO is considered as a gender-neutral”? The answer to this question is “According to General Clauses Act, 1897, the masculine words include females unless otherwise specified. The use of the word 'he' automatically denotes “she”. The POCSO Act, 2012 has been enacted by ministry of women and child development to tackle the heinous offences of sexual abuse, also to protect children from harassment and child exploitation. - [EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016: A STUDY OF CREDITOR - DEBTOR BALANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/effectiveness-of-the-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-2016-a-study-of-creditor-debtor-balance/): EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016: A STUDY OF CREDITOR - DEBTOR BALANCE Qifah, BBA.LLB (H.), 6th Semester, Student at Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu (India) Anmol, BBA.LLB (H.), 6th Semester, Student at Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.146 The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is considered one of the important changes in business law after independence. It was created to resolve issues in the previous insolvency systems. To solve the problems IBC aimed to combine all the scattered laws into one system and created time bound process. It focused on maximising the value of company, protecting the interests of creditors and motivated people to start businesses. - [GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND THE PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL HANDICRAFTS: A CASE STUDY OF KOLHAPURI SANDALS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/geographical-indications-and-the-protection-of-traditional-handicrafts-a-case-study-of-kolhapuri-sandals/): GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND THE PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL HANDICRAFTS: A CASE STUDY OF KOLHAPURI SANDALS Anushka Akanksha, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), 2nd Year, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.145 The present research paper reports on the suitable use of Geographical Indications (GIs) in safeguarding Indian traditional handicrafts through a case The present research paper reports on the suitable use of Geographical Indications (GIs) in safeguarding Indian traditional handicrafts through a case study of Kolhapuri sandals. This protective 12th century handmade sandal was qualified as GI in 2019. Their cultural and legislative, as well as economunderlinestance underline the paper, particularly in the wake of a scandal that came with luxury fashion house Prada. - [AI AUTONOMY VS HUMAN CONTROL: BALANCING INNOVATION, ACCOUNTABILITY AND GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/ai-autonomy-vs-human-control-balancing-innovation-accountability-and-governance/): AI AUTONOMY VS HUMAN CONTROL: BALANCING INNOVATION, ACCOUNTABILITY AND GOVERNANCE Aaryan Naresh Parekh, BBA LLB, 10th Semester, Student at MIT World Peace University (India) Janhavi Vinod Shrungare, BBA LLB, 8th Semester, Student at MIT World Peace University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.144 Artificial intelligence has become a disruptive force that is changing governance, decision-making, and how Artificial intelligence has become a disruptive force that is changing governance, decision-making, and how people engage with technology. Significant concerns about accountability, human oversight, privacy, justice, and the suitability of current legal and regulatory frameworks emerge as AI systems get more autonomous. This study highlights the need to strike a balance between responsible governance and technological innovation by examining the growing conflict between AI autonomy and human control. - [INHERITANCE RIGHTS OF IVF-BORN CHILDREN UNDER THE HINDU SUCCESSION ACT, 1956](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/inheritance-rights-of-ivf-born-children-under-the-hindu-succession-act-1956/): INHERITANCE RIGHTS OF IVF-BORN CHILDREN UNDER THE HINDU SUCCESSION ACT, 1956 Shreya Bairagi, Assistant Professor, School of Legal Studies, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, West Bengal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.143 The advent and rapid advancement of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) particularly In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) have profoundly transformed the concepts of parenthood and family structures in The advent and rapid advancement of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) particularly In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) have profoundly transformed the concepts of parenthood and family structures in contemporary society. Today, parenthood is no longer solely dependent on natural biological processes; rather, it may involve medical interventions, planned conception, and, in some instances, the involvement of third parties. - [FROM LEGISLATIVE PROMISE TO GROUND REALITY: A CRITICAL SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY OF THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/from-legislative-promise-to-ground-reality-a-critical-socio-legal-study-of-the-protection-of-women-from-domestic-violence-act-2005/): FROM LEGISLATIVE PROMISE TO GROUND REALITY: A CRITICAL SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY OF THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005 Shivani Kumari, B.A.LL. B (H), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.142 The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDVA) is an important piece of legislation designed to The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDVA) is an important piece of legislation designed to combat the problem of domestic violence prevalent in India owing to its patriarchal social structure. The aim of this paper is to conduct a socio-legal analysis of the PWDVA focusing on its legislative background, constitutional basis, and judicial interpretations over time. It examines how this legislation differs from other existing legislations on the same subject as it does not adopt a criminal but a civil and rights-based approach, and thus, grants immediate remedies like protection order, residence order, and financial compensation. - [THE CORPORATE VEIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HOMICIDE: PIERCING THE SHIELD OF CORPORATE IMPUNITY IN ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/the-corporate-veil-and-environmental-homicide-piercing-the-shield-of-corporate-impunity-in-environmental-disasters/): THE CORPORATE VEIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HOMICIDE: PIERCING THE SHIELD OF CORPORATE IMPUNITY IN ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS Prachi Milind Satpute, Assistant professor at School of law, G. H. Raisoni University, Amravati (India) Dr. Komal Namdevrao Khajone, Assistant professor at School of Law, G.H. Raisoni University Amravati (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.141 The doctrine of corporate personality, firmly established The doctrine of corporate personality, firmly established by the House of Lords in Salomon v A. Salomon & Co. Ltd. (1897), grants companies an independent legal existence distinct from their shareholders and directors. This corporate veil serves as a fundamental pillar of modern corporate law, encouraging entrepreneurship and investment by limiting personal liability. However, when the shield of separate legal personality is exploited to evade accountability for environmental destruction causing mass casualties, the doctrine confronts an existential moral and legal crisis. - [SEEDS OF JUSTICE: MAPPING THE LEGAL ARCHITECTURE OF AGRICULTURAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/30/seeds-of-justice-mapping-the-legal-architecture-of-agricultural-governance-in-india/): SEEDS OF JUSTICE: MAPPING THE LEGAL ARCHITECTURE OF AGRICULTURAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA Satakshi Raj, B.A.LL. B (H), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.140 This particular research paper takes a very long, detailed look at the whole legal setup and the general architecture that basically governs the entire agricultural sector This particular research paper takes a very long, detailed look at the whole legal setup and the general architecture that basically governs the entire agricultural sector across the country of India, while also trying to analyze it from several different angles like the constitutional side, the statutory side, and the side that deals with reform-oriented dimensions. It really tries to highlight and point out how the legislative powers are actually distributed and split up between the central Union and the various States, while also looking at the specific role of certain key provisions, for example, things like Articles 246, 21, and 300A, which all play a big part in shaping how agrarian governance actually works on the ground in a practical sense. - [DELIMITATION IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL DILEMMA BETWEEN ELECTORAL REPRESENTATION AND FEDERAL BALANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/29/delimitation-in-india-a-constitutional-dilemma-between-electoral-representation-and-federal-balance/): DELIMITATION IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL DILEMMA BETWEEN ELECTORAL REPRESENTATION AND FEDERAL BALANCE Harsh Raj, B.A LL. B, 8th Semester, Student at Gitarattan International Business School Affliated to Guru Gobind Indraprastha University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.139 Through scientific analytics and compositional intelligibility, besides the discourse on delimitation in India, this paper broadly lays focus on balancing Through scientific analytics and compositional intelligibility, besides the discourse on delimitation in India, this paper broadly lays focus on balancing the choice of equitable electoral representation with the basic tenets of federalism. The delimitation process, while acting as a mechanism for population-based representation, may inadvertently penalise states for the population control measures they have effectively implemented, thereby disrupting federal equity.v - [CHINTHADA ANAND V. STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH AND ORS.: A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/29/chinthada-anand-v-state-of-andhra-pradesh-and-ors-a-critical-legal-analysis-of-constitutional-rights-criminal-procedure-and-judicial-interpretation/): CHINTHADA ANAND V. STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH AND ORS.: A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION Stuti Wasnik, B.A LL. B, 10th Semester, Student at Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Guru Ghasi das University), Faculty of Law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.138 The decision in Chinthada Anand v. State of Andhra Pradesh and The decision in Chinthada Anand v. State of Andhra Pradesh and Ors. constitutes a significant reaffirmation of the constitutional framework governing Scheduled Caste (SC) identity in India, particularly in the context of religious conversion. The case addresses the legal question of whether protections under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 remain available to an individual born into a Scheduled Caste who subsequently converts to Christianity. - [THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF IBC](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/29/theoretical-framework-of-ibc/): THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF IBC Abdul Rahman K I, LL.M., 4th Semester, Student at Central University of Tamil Nadu (India) Aarcha P B, LL.M., 4th Semester, Student at Central University of Tamil Nadu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.137 The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is not only a legal mechanism for resolving debt it is based on The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is not only a legal mechanism for resolving debt it is based on important economic and legal principles that explain the need for a structured insolvency system in a credit-based economy. Modern economies function largely on borrowed capital, businesses depend upon loans and investments to finance their operations, expand production and undertake new business initiatives. Therefore, credit plays an important role in the economic growth and development. - [DEFINING HATE SPEECH IN INDIA: AMBIGUITIES, ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES, AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL DILEMMA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/29/defining-hate-speech-in-india-ambiguities-enforcement-challenges-and-the-constitutional-dilemma/): DEFINING HATE SPEECH IN INDIA: AMBIGUITIES, ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES, AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL DILEMMA Aditya Pal, JRF-Ph.D., 2nd Semester, Scholar at SICMSS, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar-382305 (India) Taarini Rankawat, BBALL.B, 2nd year, Student at SCLML, Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar-382305 (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.136 Hate speech is still one of the most concerning challenges for India’s democratic and Hate speech is still one of the most concerning challenges for India’s democratic and constitutional framework, especially in the digital age. Despite the enactment of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita in 2023, which was promised to replace and eradicate the ‘colonial mindset’ from the legal dimensions of India, the provisions pertaining to hate speech are largely the same and therefore, continue to suffer from definitional ambiguity. Terms such as ‘hatred, enmity, disharmony’ etc. lack a precise legal requirement as to when a speech becomes hateful, envious OR disharmonious in nature. - [CASE LAW ANALYSIS: SURAJ LAMP & INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD. V. STATE OF HARYANA (2012) 1 SCC 656](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/29/case-law-analysis-suraj-lamp-industries-pvt-ltd-v-state-of-haryana-2012-1-scc-656/): CASE LAW ANALYSIS: SURAJ LAMP & INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD. V. STATE OF HARYANA (2012) 1 SCC 656 Shreejith.S, 3rd Year, Student at VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) Satvik Keyan, 3rd Year, Student at VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) Dr. Saji Sivan S, Assistant professor, VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) This paper critically analyses the landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India in Suraj Lamp & Industries Pvt. Ltd. v. State of Haryana (2012), which addressed the legality of transferring immovable property through General Power of Attorney (GPA), Agreement to Sell, and Will transactions, collectively referred to as GPA sales. Adopting a doctrinal and analytical research methodology, the study examines the statutory framework under Section 54 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 and Section 17 of the Registration Act, 1908, alongside judicial interpretations governing property transfers in India. - [A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF INDIA’S CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT: FROM COLONIAL FOUNDATIONS TO DIGITAL GOVERNANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/28/a-doctrinal-analysis-of-indias-constitutional-development-from-colonial-foundations-to-digital-governance/): A DOCTRINAL ANALYSIS OF INDIA’S CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT: FROM COLONIAL FOUNDATIONS TO DIGITAL GOVERNANCE Lamiya Sultana, Assistant Professor & Program Coordinator, School of legal Studies, Swami Vivekananda University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.134 The Constitution of India represents a transformative legal and political framework shaped by the historical, social, and psychological experiences of colonial rule. Far beyond The Constitution of India represents a transformative legal and political framework shaped by the historical, social, and psychological experiences of colonial rule. Far beyond a static legal document, it embodies the aspirations of a newly independent nation striving to secure justice, liberty, equality, and dignity for its citizens. This paper undertakes a doctrinal study of India’s constitutional transformation, tracing its evolution from colonial governance structures to its contemporary engagement with digital realities. - [MINORITY RIGHTS AND THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/28/minority-rights-and-the-position-of-women-in-india-a-constitutional-analysis/): MINORITY RIGHTS AND THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS Shunmuga Sundarakumar G, Assistant Professor, Government Law College, Tirunelveli (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.133 The protection of minority rights constitutes a fundamental pillar of India’s constitutional framework, reflecting its commitment to pluralism, secularism, and social justice in a diverse society. The Constitution guarantees a The protection of minority rights constitutes a fundamental pillar of India’s constitutional framework, reflecting its commitment to pluralism, secularism, and social justice in a diverse society. The Constitution guarantees a range of rights aimed at safeguarding minority communities, including equality before the law, non-discrimination, freedom of religion, and cultural and educational autonomy. - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A STUDY OF FASHION AND COSMETIC INDUSTRIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/28/intellectual-property-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence-a-study-of-fashion-and-cosmetic-industries/): INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A STUDY OF FASHION AND COSMETIC INDUSTRIES Sakshi Pratyush, LLM, Student at Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.132 The rapid integration of AI into the fashion and beauty industries is transforming traditional ideas about creativity, innovation, and ownership. Fashion designers and cosmetic formulators increasingly use AI The rapid integration of AI into the fashion and beauty industries is transforming traditional ideas about creativity, innovation, and ownership. Fashion designers and cosmetic formulators increasingly use AI technologies to create fashion designs, predict trends, and formulate cosmetics. - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN FASHION INDUSTRY: NAVIGATING CREATIVITY AND COMMERCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/intellectual-property-rights-in-fashion-industry-navigating-creativity-and-commerce/): INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN FASHION INDUSTRY: NAVIGATING CREATIVITY AND COMMERCE Saisha Sinha, LLM, Student at Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.119 The fashion industry, a dynamic blend of creativity, commerce, and culture, thrives on innovation and distinctiveness. However, the protection of intellectual property (IP) within this sector remains complex and often inadequate. The fashion industry, a dynamic blend of creativity, commerce, and culture, thrives on innovation and distinctiveness. However, the protection of intellectual property (IP) within this sector remains complex and often inadequate. - [CYBERBULLYING AMONG TEENAGERS: LEGAL REMEDIES AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/cyberbullying-among-teenagers-legal-remedies-and-social-consequences/): CYBERBULLYING AMONG TEENAGERS: LEGAL REMEDIES AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES Vaishnavi Saxena, B. Com LL. B, 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.118 The rapid spread of the Internet and digital technologies has spawned the ubiquitous phenomenon of cyberbullying, and teens make up a highly susceptible group of The rapid spread of the Internet and digital technologies has spawned the ubiquitous phenomenon of cyberbullying, and teens make up a highly susceptible group of people. Teenagers as heavy users of social networking sites, instant messaging users, and online gaming platforms are increasingly exposed to online interactions that have the potential of perpetrating harassment, threats and abuse. - [NUMBERS WITHOUT POWER: EVALUATING WOMEN'S REPRESENTATION ON BOARDS OF DIRECTORS AND AS KEY MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL IN INDIAN CORPORATIONS AGAINST GLOBAL BENCHMARKS, AND THE CASE FOR STRATEGIES BEYOND LEGAL MANDATES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/numbers-without-power-evaluating-womens-representation-on-boards-of-directors-and-as-key-managerial-personnel-in-indian-corporations-against-global-benchmarks-and-the-case-for-strategies-beyond-le/): NUMBERS WITHOUT POWER: EVALUATING WOMEN'S REPRESENTATION ON BOARDS OF DIRECTORS AND AS KEY MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL IN INDIAN CORPORATIONS AGAINST GLOBAL BENCHMARKS, AND THE CASE FOR STRATEGIES BEYOND LEGAL MANDATES Adv. Arundhati Thakur, LL.M Scholar (Corporate Law), 2nd Semester, Student at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Ms. Garima Mohan Prasad, Assistant Professor, IILM University, Greater Noida The Companies Act, 2013 introduced a statutory requirement for listed companies in India to appoint at least one woman to their boards, resulting in a decade of formal compliance. This paper examines whether such compliance has led to genuine gender equity in corporate leadership or has remained largely symbolic in nature. - [WHEN WELFARE STATUTES COLLIDE: A CASE STUDY OF S. VANITHA V. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/26/when-welfare-statutes-collide-a-case-study-of-s-vanitha-v-deputy-commissioner/): WHEN WELFARE STATUTES COLLIDE: A CASE STUDY OF S. VANITHA V. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER Harshita Khanna, LL.M (Family law), Student at Amity Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.131 Judicial interpretation has played a major role in the development of the legal relationship between the rights granted to senior citizens Judicial interpretation has played a major role in the development of the legal relationship between the rights granted to senior citizens under the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 (MWPSC Act) and the residence rights of daughters-in-law under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDV Act). In the absence of an explicit statutory relationship between these two welfare legislations, the judiciary has been forced to evolve principles of harmonious interpretation to deal with conflicts arising in joint living spaces. - [BENAMI TRANSACTIONS VS GENUINE TRANSFERS: LEGAL CHALLENGES UNDER THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/26/benami-transactions-vs-genuine-transfers-legal-challenges-under-the-transfer-of-property-act/): BENAMI TRANSACTIONS VS GENUINE TRANSFERS: LEGAL CHALLENGES UNDER THE TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT Prem Kumar, B.A LL. B (H), 4th Semester, Student at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Shreya Tripathi, B.A LL. B (H), 4th Semester, Student at IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Tapasi Rout, B.A LL. B (H), 4th Semester, Student at IILM University, The present study deals with the issue of differentiating between benami transactions and true transactions under Indian property law. In this context, the two primary legislative acts, viz., the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 and the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988, are discussed. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS ROLE IN ADDRESSING ACID ATTACKS AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/25/artificial-intelligence-in-the-criminal-justice-system-a-critical-analysis-of-its-role-in-addressing-acid-attacks-against-women-in-india/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS ROLE IN ADDRESSING ACID ATTACKS AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA Dr. Prasanna S, Assistant Professor, Government Law College, Tirunelveli (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.129 Acid attacks against women in India continue to expose serious deficiencies within the criminal justice system, particularly in the areas of Acid attacks against women in India continue to expose serious deficiencies within the criminal justice system, particularly in the areas of prevention, investigation, prosecution, and victim rehabilitation. Despite stringent legal provisions, the persistence of such offences indicates structural and procedural gaps. - [THE EVOLUTION OF PRIVACY AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT IN THE AGE OF CYBER CRIME](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/25/the-evolution-of-privacy-as-a-fundamental-right-in-the-age-of-cyber-crime/): THE EVOLUTION OF PRIVACY AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT IN THE AGE OF CYBER CRIME Tanmay Gujarathi, Advocate at Bombay High Court (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.128 This paper examines the development of privacy as a fundamental right in the context of rising cyber-crime and rapid digitalization. In the current digital world, huge amounts of personal data This paper examines the development of privacy as a fundamental right in the context of rising cyber-crime and rapid digitalization. In the current digital world, huge amounts of personal data are produced, collected, and processed throughout day-to-day online activities, exposing individuals to increasing risks such as data theft, hacking, phishing, and cyber terrorism. The shocking rise in cyber-crime cases underlines the urgent need for strong legal safeguards to protect personal information and preserve individual autonomy. - [PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/25/protection-of-traditional-knowledge-in-india/): PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN INDIA Anjali Patel, LL.M (IP), 2nd Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.127 The traditional knowledge (TK), a set of medicinal formulations, agricultural practices, cultural expressions and ecological wisdom that has evolved in indigenous and local communities over centuries takes a controversial place in The traditional knowledge (TK), a set of medicinal formulations, agricultural practices, cultural expressions and ecological wisdom that has evolved in indigenous and local communities over centuries takes a controversial place in the modern intellectual property (IP) landscape. - [PUNISHMENT, DETERRENCE, AND REFORM: A CRIMINOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SENTENCING POLICIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/25/punishment-deterrence-and-reform-a-criminological-evaluation-of-sentencing-policies/): PUNISHMENT, DETERRENCE, AND REFORM: A CRIMINOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SENTENCING POLICIES Gunjan Basrani, LL.M, 2nd Semester, Student at Jagannath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.126 The question of whether punishments effectively achieve their intended purpose is the central premise of the criminal justice system and is deceptively straightforward. This study analyzes the three major justifications The question of whether punishments effectively achieve their intended purpose is the central premise of the criminal justice system and is deceptively straightforward. This study analyzes the three major justifications for punishing offenders: deterrence, incapacitation and rehabilitation, against empirical evidence found in both common law and civil law system sentencing practices. - [BEYOND DECRIMINALISATION: A CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL OF ADULTERY IN INDIAN MATRIMONIAL LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/25/beyond-decriminalisation-a-critical-reappraisal-of-adultery-in-indian-matrimonial-law/): BEYOND DECRIMINALISATION: A CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL OF ADULTERY IN INDIAN MATRIMONIAL LAW Abhishek Jain, LL.M, Student at Amity Institute of Advanced Legal studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.125 This study conducts an extensive doctrinal and constitutional examination of adultery law in India, documenting its progression from ancient religious and customary practices to colonial This study conducts an extensive doctrinal and constitutional examination of adultery law in India, documenting its progression from ancient religious and customary practices to colonial criminalisation and subsequent constitutional decriminalisation. Adultery was historically regarded as a moral and matrimonial transgression governed by personal laws; however, the introduction of Section 497 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Now Replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023), redefined it as a gender-biased criminal offence based on Victorian morality and patriarchal concepts of marriage. - [SABR, JUSTICE, AND DIVORCE: RETHINKING TALAQ AND MARITAL TOLERANCE IN MUSLIM LAW IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/sabr-justice-and-divorce-rethinking-talaq-and-marital-tolerance-in-muslim-law-in-india/): SABR, JUSTICE, AND DIVORCE: RETHINKING TALAQ AND MARITAL TOLERANCE IN MUSLIM LAW IN INDIA Atiya Waris, Research Scholar, Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi (India) Prof. (Dr.) Nuzhat Parveen Khan, Professor and former Dean, Faculty of Law, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.116 The Islamic law of marriage is a The Islamic law of marriage is a civil contract that is based on mutual-consent, mutual-rights, and moral restraint. Although divorce (talaq) is legally allowed in this context, it is not generally encouraged and is controlled by the Quranic injunctions of emphasizing patience (ṣabr), reconciliation, and justice. - [THE CONVERGENCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND COMPETITION LAW: NAVIGATING THE FRAND PARADIGM IN STANDARD ESSENTIAL PATENT LICENSING](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/the-convergence-of-intellectual-property-and-competition-law-navigating-the-frand-paradigm-in-standard-essential-patent-licensing/): THE CONVERGENCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND COMPETITION LAW: NAVIGATING THE FRAND PARADIGM IN STANDARD ESSENTIAL PATENT LICENSING Devika Singh, LLM (IP), 2nd Semester, Student at Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.124 This study explores the growing tension between competition law and intellectual property rights, especially in the context of Standard Essential Patent (SEPs). As This study explores the growing tension between competition law and intellectual property rights, especially in the context of Standard Essential Patent (SEPs). As industries worldwide move toward unifying technological ecosystems like 5G, 6G, and the Internet of Things. Interoperability has become a prerequisite for entering the market. This dependence creates a unique paradox: the exclusive monopoly granted by patent law often collides with Competition law’s mission to prevent market foreclosure. - [DARK PATTERNS AND THE ILLUSION OF CONSENT IN E-CONTRACTS IN INDIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/dark-patterns-and-the-illusion-of-consent-in-e-contracts-in-india-a-legal-analysis/): DARK PATTERNS AND THE ILLUSION OF CONSENT IN E-CONTRACTS IN INDIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS Pavitha T, Guest faculty, Government Law College, Chengalpattu (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.123 A paradigm shift in the concept of contractual consent, especially in the digital arena, where electronic contracts have gained prominence, but the user consent is typically obtained through interface-based A paradigm shift in the concept of contractual consent, especially in the digital arena, where electronic contracts have gained prominence, but the user consent is typically obtained through interface-based mechanisms, and the issue is whether such consent is informed or merely a product of the interface itself. - [IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS IN LEGISLATIVE PERFORMANCE AND ETHICAL GOVERNANCE: LESSONS FROM INDIA AND GLOBAL DEMOCRACIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/impact-of-educational-qualifications-in-legislative-performance-and-ethical-governance-lessons-from-india-and-global-democracies/): IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS IN LEGISLATIVE PERFORMANCE AND ETHICAL GOVERNANCE: LESSONS FROM INDIA AND GLOBAL DEMOCRACIES Megha Chandra, B.A LL. B (H), 4th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India) Dr. Rohit Kumar Shukla, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.122 Education Education has always been considered the basic criterion to get employment in almost all sectors. In the case of politics, especially democratic politics in India, there is no such educational criterion that one must meet to become a member of parliament or a member of the legislative assembly. - [FROM PUNISHMENT TO PROPORTIONALITY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DECRIMINALISATION OF MINOR OFFENCES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/from-punishment-to-proportionality-a-critical-analysis-of-decriminalisation-of-minor-offences-in-india/): FROM PUNISHMENT TO PROPORTIONALITY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DECRIMINALISATION OF MINOR OFFENCES IN INDIA Krati Patni, LLM, Student at Jagannath University Jaipur (India) Dr. Varsha Dhabhai, Associate professor at Jagannath University Jaipur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.121 The criminal justice system of India has been struggling for years with the problem of an overly criminalised structure, The criminal justice system of India has been struggling for years with the problem of an overly criminalised structure, which is a legacy of the colonial-era legal system and was further worsened over decades by the excessive inclusion of penal provisions in regulatory laws without much reflection. - [RETHINKING CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES UNDER ARTICLE 32 AND ARTICLE 226 FOR GENERATIVE AI- CAUSED FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/rethinking-constitutional-remedies-under-article-32-and-article-226-for-generative-ai-caused-fundamental-rights-violations/): RETHINKING CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES UNDER ARTICLE 32 AND ARTICLE 226 FOR GENERATIVE AI- CAUSED FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS Kaveri, LL.M (Constitutional law and Administrative Law), 2nd Semester, Student at Gujarat National Law University, Silvassa (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.120 It can read faster, think faster, comprehend faster- “Gen- AI” clearly has reduced human effort, a little too much. It can read faster, think faster, comprehend faster- “Gen- AI” clearly has reduced human effort, a little too much. Gen- AI’s rise in recent times is era defining and as it goes, everything comes with its own unique challenges. To address this, Gen-AI needs to be legislated first, properly regulated. But there needs to be (initially) a practical redressal system for Fundamental Rights Violations caused by Generative AI technology. - [CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY UNDER THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016 A FRAMEWORK IN PRACTICE OR A VACUUM IN DISGUISE? LESSONS FROM JET AIRWAYS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/24/cross-border-insolvency-under-the-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-2016-a-framework-in-practice-or-a-vacuum-in-disguise-lessons-from-jet-airways/): CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY UNDER THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016 A FRAMEWORK IN PRACTICE OR A VACUUM IN DISGUISE? LESSONS FROM JET AIRWAYS Anannya Deepak, B.A LLB (H), 10TH Semester, Student (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.115 In an increasingly globalised economy, corporate entities operate across multiple jurisdictions, rendering traditional territorial approaches to insolvency inadequate. This paper critically In an increasingly globalised economy, corporate entities operate across multiple jurisdictions, rendering traditional territorial approaches to insolvency inadequate. This paper critically examines the cross-border insolvency framework—or the lack thereof—under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“Code” or “IBC”), with particular reference to Sections 234 and 235, which remain the sole statutory provisions addressing transnational insolvency coordination in India. - [EVALUATING CONTEMPORARY INDIAN LEGAL PEDAGOGY IN DIGITAL WORLD](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/23/evaluating-contemporary-indian-legal-pedagogy-in-digital-world/): EVALUATING CONTEMPORARY INDIAN LEGAL PEDAGOGY IN DIGITAL WORLD Dr Sunaina, Assistant Professor of Law, Panjab University SSG Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.114 Laws keep changing, technology is changing rapidly and scientific developments are taking place. In a country like India that is dedicated to the democratic setup, the rule of law and the Laws keep changing, technology is changing rapidly and scientific developments are taking place. In a country like India that is dedicated to the democratic setup, the rule of law and the ideal of welfare state, the role of legal profession and legal education are very vital. The true aim of legal education must be to bridge the gap between academic and vocation. - [CAPITAL AS A GATEWAY: THIRD-PARTY FUNDING IN COMMERCIAL DISPUTES AND ACCESS TO COMMERCIAL JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/23/capital-as-a-gateway-third-party-funding-in-commercial-disputes-and-access-to-commercial-justice/): CAPITAL AS A GATEWAY: THIRD-PARTY FUNDING IN COMMERCIAL DISPUTES AND ACCESS TO COMMERCIAL JUSTICE Vidhi Saxena, B.A. LL. B (Hons), 10th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.113 Access to justice is the utmost important key concept and a prerequisite for the effective functioning if any legal system. Although arbitration is Access to justice is the utmost important key concept and a prerequisite for the effective functioning if any legal system. Although arbitration is considered to be one of the cost-effective mechanisms, but there are several instances where the parties are not able to fund their own cases or the arbitration ends up in a heavy consolidated fee or charges. - [STRUCTURED SENTENCING VS. JUDICIAL DISCRETION: GLOBAL TRENDS AND INDIAN PRACTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/23/structured-sentencing-vs-judicial-discretion-global-trends-and-indian-practice/): STRUCTURED SENTENCING VS. JUDICIAL DISCRETION: GLOBAL TRENDS AND INDIAN PRACTICE Sarthaka Kumar Rath, Research Scholar, Student at School of Law KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.112 Sentencing constitutes one of the most critical stages of criminal justice administration, reflecting the balance between legal certainty and individualized justice. Across jurisdictions, criminal Sentencing constitutes one of the most critical stages of criminal justice administration, reflecting the balance between legal certainty and individualized justice. Across jurisdictions, criminal justice systems struggle to reconcile structured sentencing frameworks, designed to ensure consistency and proportionality, with judicial discretion, which allows courts to tailor punishment according to the circumstances of each case. - [PUNISHING THE VULNERABLE: WHY INDIA’S DRUG LAWS FAIL VICTIMS OF ADDICTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/23/punishing-the-vulnerable-why-indias-drug-laws-fail-victims-of-addiction/): PUNISHING THE VULNERABLE: WHY INDIA’S DRUG LAWS FAIL VICTIMS OF ADDICTION Gauri Arun Bhalerao, LL.M. (Criminal Law), Student at Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (India) Jyoti, LL.M. (CPGLS), Student at Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (BBAU), Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.111 Drug addiction in India continues to be treated primarily as a criminal issue rather Drug addiction in India continues to be treated primarily as a criminal issue rather than a public health concern. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) adopts a stringent and punishment-oriented approach, raising serious concerns regarding its fairness and effectiveness. - [TRIAL BY MEDIA IN INDIA: BALANCING FREE SPEECH AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/23/trial-by-media-in-india-balancing-free-speech-and-the-right-to-a-fair-trial-in-the-digital-age/): TRIAL BY MEDIA IN INDIA: BALANCING FREE SPEECH AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL IN THE DIGITAL AGE Anagha Suresh Manian, B.A. LLB, 4th Semester, Student at Asian Law College, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.110 The Indian legal system faces a serious problem because the media trial process has developed into a major challenge The Indian legal system faces a serious problem because the media trial process has developed into a major challenge which the country needs to address through its fast-moving digital and broadcast media technologies. The media and entertainment industry shows growth through its digital platforms which enable immediate and widespread distribution of information about active legal proceedings. - [DYING DECLARATION: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/dying-declaration-an-international-perspective/): DYING DECLARATION: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Ankit Kumar Yadav, 2nd Semester student pursuing LL.M (one year) at Central university of south Bihar (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.109 Dying declarations have a distinct and crucial place in criminal law, playing as an exception to hearsay evidence. it provides vital insights into the cause and circumstances behind a person’s Dying declarations have a distinct and crucial place in criminal law, playing as an exception to hearsay evidence. it provides vital insights into the cause and circumstances behind a person’s death, often it is becoming key evidence in cases where the victim is unavailable or can’t be called to testify. It is based on the principle that a person facing imminent death is unlikely to lie. dying declaration are recognized across worldwide., in India it is codified under the Section 26(a) Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam,2023 dying declaration carry significant weight and importance, that make it more admissible and reliable. - [CYBERSECURITY REGULATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FLOWS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/cybersecurity-regulations-and-their-impact-on-foreign-direct-investment-flows/): CYBERSECURITY REGULATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FLOWS Gunjan Madaan, LLM Student (Corporate Law), IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.108 Cybersecurity has become a crucial factor in determining foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in an increasingly digitalized world economy. Governments all around the world have implemented cybersecurity laws to protect national Cybersecurity has become a crucial factor in determining foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in an increasingly digitalized world economy. Governments all around the world have implemented cybersecurity laws to protect national security, preserve data privacy, and reduce cyber threats as cross-border data flows increase and digital infrastructure becomes essential to international commercial operations. - [CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF AI IN SECURITIES MARKETS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/conceptual-foundations-and-legal-framework-of-ai-in-securities-markets/): CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF AI IN SECURITIES MARKETS Kavidharani R, 10th Semester Student pursuing BALLB(Hons) course at Presidency University, Bengaluru (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.107 This paper examines the conceptual foundations and legal framework governing the use of Artificial Intelligence in Indian securities markets. It begins by analysing key AI technologies, including machine learning This paper examines the conceptual foundations and legal framework governing the use of Artificial Intelligence in Indian securities markets. It begins by analysing key AI technologies, including machine learning paradigms, algorithmic trading, high-frequency trading, arbitrage mechanisms, and robo-advisory systems, with particular attention to their technical limitations and corresponding legal implications. - [HABEAS DATA FOR THE DEAD: ADDRESSING THE JURISDICTIONAL VACUUM OF FORENSIC DIGITAL TWINS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/habeas-data-for-the-dead-addressing-the-jurisdictional-vacuum-of-forensic-digital-twins-in-international-law/): HABEAS DATA FOR THE DEAD: ADDRESSING THE JURISDICTIONAL VACUUM OF FORENSIC DIGITAL TWINS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW Sakshee Narayan Gore, Manikchand Pahade Law College, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.106 When a person dies in a foreign country or during an international conflict, forensic experts often use advanced 3D scanning and digital imaging to study the When a person dies in a foreign country or during an international conflict, forensic experts often use advanced 3D scanning and digital imaging to study the body. This creates a "Digital Twin" a perfect, permanent digital copy of the deceased person’s internal and external anatomy. While international laws like the Geneva Conventions and UNESCO rules are very clear about how to return the physical body to their home country, these laws say absolutely nothing about the digital data left behind. - [LAW ON EXTRADITION- BALANCING SOVEREIGNTY, JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE GLOBALISING WORLD](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/law-on-extradition-balancing-sovereignty-justice-and-human-rights-in-the-globalising-world/): LAW ON EXTRADITION- BALANCING SOVEREIGNTY, JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE GLOBALISING WORLD Ritu Shukla, LLM student DSNLU (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.105 Extradition stands for the process of turning over a fugitive by one nation to another for prosecution and punishment, if found guilty. Differences in the idea of crimes across nations has led to Extradition stands for the process of turning over a fugitive by one nation to another for prosecution and punishment, if found guilty. Differences in the idea of crimes across nations has led to a question whether this difference have resulted in allowing fugitives to misuse it and evade prosecution by absconding to the nation where a particular offence is not a crime and where dual criminality is recognized? Through this paper it is being tried to explore how different jurisdictions reconcile conflicts between national interests and international obligations; how sovereign nations are balancing between their sovereignty and pursuit of global justice. - [WORKPLACE SAFETY IN INDIA: JUDICIAL FOUNDATIONS AND THE OSHWC CODE, 2020](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/workplace-safety-in-india-judicial-foundations-and-the-oshwc-code-2020/): WORKPLACE SAFETY IN INDIA: JUDICIAL FOUNDATIONS AND THE OSHWC CODE, 2020 Hanishree Saravanan, 8th semester student pursuing BBA LLB(HONS) at School of Excellence in Law, Tamilnadu Dr.Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.104 The recognition of a safe workplace as a fundamental right represents a significant evolution in Indian constitutional and labour jurisprudence. Traditionally, workplace The recognition of a safe workplace as a fundamental right represents a significant evolution in Indian constitutional and labour jurisprudence. Traditionally, workplace safety in India was governed through fragmented statutory frameworks such as the Factories Act, 1948 and the Mines Act, 1952, which treated occupational safety primarily as a regulatory obligation imposed upon employers. - [THE UNACKNOWLEDGED PLIGHT: EXPLORING CHALLENGES, HARASSMENT, AND INJUSTICE FACED BY MEN IN INDIAN SOCIETY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/19/the-unacknowledged-plight-exploring-challenges-harassment-and-injustice-faced-by-men-in-indian-society/): THE UNACKNOWLEDGED PLIGHT: EXPLORING CHALLENGES, HARASSMENT, AND INJUSTICE FACED BY MEN IN INDIAN SOCIETY Samveg Mehta, BBA LLB(H), Semester-4, Year: 2026, Faculty of Law, GLS University, (India) Mana Shah, BBA LLB(H), Semester-4, Year: 2026, Faculty of Law, GLS University, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.103 This chapter investigates the systemic exclusion of male victims within India’s socio-legal This chapter investigates the systemic exclusion of male victims within India’s socio-legal framework, particularly following the implementation of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023. While India has made significant strides in protecting women’s rights, legal recognition for male victims of domestic violence, sexual harassment, and false accusations remains critically deficient. - [LEGAL STATUS OF AI-GENERATED EVIDENCE IN INDIAN COURTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/legal-status-of-ai-generated-evidence-in-indian-courts/): LEGAL STATUS OF AI-GENERATED EVIDENCE IN INDIAN COURTS Vansh Srivastava, Student at Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh (India) Dr. Arvind Kumar Singh, Associate Professor at Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.102 The swift progression of Artificial Intelligence has changed the character of evidence in judicial proceedings. AI-generated content, including deepfake The swift progression of Artificial Intelligence has changed the character of evidence in judicial proceedings. AI-generated content, including deepfake videos, synthetic audio, and AI-made digital content, poses serious and new challenges to the basic rules of admissibility, authenticity, and reliability of evidence. Although Indian law has been updated through the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, which formally acknowledges electronic records as evidence, it does not specifically deal with the unique problems of AI-generated content. - [GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS: TRACING TRANSCONTINENTAL TRADE ROUTES TO CONTEMPORARY REVOLUTIONS – AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/geographical-indications-tracing-transcontinental-trade-routes-to-contemporary-revolutions-an-analytical-study-of-global-challenges/): GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS: TRACING TRANSCONTINENTAL TRADE ROUTES TO CONTEMPORARY REVOLUTIONS – AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES Rushikesh Suresh Belagali, LLM (IP) at Amity University Noida Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.101 Geographical Indications (GIs) are a unique combination of trade, culture, and law that connects products to their place of origin via collective reputation and Geographical Indications (GIs) are a unique combination of trade, culture, and law that connects products to their place of origin via collective reputation and customary knowledge. This analytical study analyzes the historical growth of global interconnections (GIs) from ancient transcontinental trade routes including the Silk Route, Spice Route, and Mediterranean trade networks to their current resurrection as tools for economic fairness and cultural assertion. Historically, origin-based identifiers such as "Damask silk" and "Malabar pepper" served as informal quality labels, promoting long-distance trading. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS, MAPPING LEGAL PATHWAYS AND PROTECTING PATIENT RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/artificial-intelligence-in-healthcare-management-opportunities-and-risks-mapping-legal-pathways-and-protecting-patient-rights/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS, MAPPING LEGAL PATHWAYS AND PROTECTING PATIENT RIGHTS Manoj Kumar G, Guest Faculty, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Department of Legal Studies, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur (India) Kuchalapati Suma, LLM Scholar, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Department of Legal Studies, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.100 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in healthcare management, reshaping clinical decision-making, hospital administration and patient engagement, with its trajectory evolving from early expert systems such as MYCIN in the 1970s to contemporary machine learning algorithms now deployed in diagnostics and hospital operations, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital health solutions, telemedicine platforms and virtual hospitals, underscoring the potential of AI-enabled systems to deliver accessible, efficient and scalable healthcare, while simultaneously raising complex legal, ethical and governance challenges that demand rigorous scholarly inquiry. - [ESTABLISHMENT AND CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF TOWN PANCHAYATS UNDER THE TAMIL NADU DISTRICT MUNICIPALITIES ACT, 1920: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/establishment-and-constitutional-status-of-town-panchayats-under-the-tamil-nadu-district-municipalities-act-1920-an-analytical-study/): ESTABLISHMENT AND CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF TOWN PANCHAYATS UNDER THE TAMIL NADU DISTRICT MUNICIPALITIES ACT, 1920: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY Rohit K, II LLM, Department of Property Law, School of Excellence in Law, TNDALU (India) Dr P.Brinda, Associate Professor, The TN Dr Ambedkar Law University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.99 Town Panchayats occupy a distinctive position within India’s Town Panchayats occupy a distinctive position within India’s framework of urban local self-government, particularly in transitional areas experiencing gradual urbanisation. In Tamil Nadu, their legal and administrative foundation is primarily governed by the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act, 1920, which predates the constitutionalisation of urban local bodies under the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. - [ESSAR STEEL LEGACY: JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT OF COMMERCIAL WISDOM IN PLAN APPROVALS AMID 2026 AMENDMENTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/essar-steel-legacy-judicial-enforcement-of-commercial-wisdom-in-plan-approvals-amid-2026-amendments/): ESSAR STEEL LEGACY: JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT OF COMMERCIAL WISDOM IN PLAN APPROVALS AMID 2026 AMENDMENTS Omkar Ashok Galatagekar, 2nd Semester Corporate Law, IT and Data Protection, Alliance University, Bangalore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.98 This paper discusses the development and application of the doctrine of commercial wisdom within Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) with reference to This paper discusses the development and application of the doctrine of commercial wisdom within Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) with reference to a landmark case in Committee of Creditors of Essar Steel India Limited (through Authorised Signatory) v Satish Kumar Gupta & Ors, (2020) 8 SCC 531 and cases that have happened thereafter, including 2026 changes. - [INTERPLAY BETWEEN RERA AND INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE IN REAL ESTATE INSOLVENCY: ANALYSIS OF POST 2025 RESOLUTIONS OF STALLED HOUSING PROJECTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/interplay-between-rera-and-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-in-real-estate-insolvency-analysis-of-post-2025-resolutions-of-stalled-housing-projects/): INTERPLAY BETWEEN RERA AND INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE IN REAL ESTATE INSOLVENCY: ANALYSIS OF POST 2025 RESOLUTIONS OF STALLED HOUSING PROJECTS D Lokendra Reddy, 2nd semester LLM Corporate law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.97 Stagnated housing projects are also a major issue in the Indian real estate industry that has led to economic loss and long Stagnated housing projects are also a major issue in the Indian real estate industry that has led to economic loss and long suffering of home buyers. Delays, absence of transparency, and absence of accountability among developers were some of the problems that were addressed by passing the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA) an Act that is specific to the sector intended to safeguard the interests of the homebuyers. - [CASE STUDY ANALYSIS ON PICHWAI PAINTINGS OF NATHDWARA: THEOPHANIC ART WHERE THE INFINITE DIVINE MANIFESTS THROUGH PHILOSOPHICAL TAPESTRY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/16/case-study-analysis-on-pichwai-paintings-of-nathdwara-theophanic-art-where-the-infinite-divine-manifests-through-philosophical-tapestry/): CASE STUDY ANALYSIS ON PICHWAI PAINTINGS OF NATHDWARA: THEOPHANIC ART WHERE THE INFINITE DIVINE MANIFESTS THROUGH PHILOSOPHICAL TAPESTRY Rushikesh Suresh Belagali, Student of LLM in Intellectual Property Law at Amity Law School in Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.96 Pichwai paintings of Nathdwara represent a profound confluence of art, devotion, and philosophy, Pichwai paintings of Nathdwara represent a profound confluence of art, devotion, and philosophy, embodying what may be termed theophanic art, a visual medium through which the formless divine manifests into perceptible form. Rooted in the temple traditions of Shrinathji in Nathdwara, Rajasthan, these intricate textile paintings function not merely as decorative backdrops but as sacred visual narratives that translate metaphysical concepts into tangible expression. - [THE LIFEBLOOD OF GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE REGULATORY ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN LIBERIA AND INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/10/the-lifeblood-of-governance-a-comparative-regulatory-analysis-of-public-financial-management-in-liberia-and-india/): THE LIFEBLOOD OF GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE REGULATORY ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN LIBERIA AND INDIA William M. Johnson, BSc Economics & MBA Supply Chain Management, Apeejay Stya University School of Management Sciences (India) Sam Siryon, BA. LL. B Honors, Apeejay Stya University School of Legal Studies (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.95 Public finance is the Public finance is the fundamental mechanism through which governments translate political promises into tangible citizen outcomes. This article examines the critical importance of public finance in governance through comparative case studies of India and Liberia, drawing on fiscal exchange theory to analyze how digital transformation enhances state capacity. - [SEBI AND DATA GOVERNANCE: EXAMINING JURISDICTIONAL OVERLAPS UNDER INDIA’S DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/10/sebi-and-data-governance-examining-jurisdictional-overlaps-under-indias-digital-personal-data-protection-framework/): SEBI AND DATA GOVERNANCE: EXAMINING JURISDICTIONAL OVERLAPS UNDER INDIA’S DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION FRAMEWORK Rethiga Ramesh, Student, LLM in Business Law, Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law, Tamil Nadu, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.94 The role of financial market authorities has changed due to the growing datafication of securities market. The role of financial market authorities has changed due to the growing datafication of securities market. The securities exchange board of India (SEBI) in India now heavily depends on the mandatory know your customer (KYC) regulations, centralized registries, transaction level surveillance, algorithmic trading oversights, and digital grievance redressal system, all of which entail the large-scale collection, processing, sharing, and retention of transactional and personal data. - [REGULATION OF SHORT SELLING AND DERIVATIVES TRADING IN INDIAN SECURITIES MARKET](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/10/regulation-of-short-selling-and-derivatives-trading-in-indian-securities-market/): REGULATION OF SHORT SELLING AND DERIVATIVES TRADING IN INDIAN SECURITIES MARKET Karuna Raghuwanshi, LLM Student (Corporate Law), Hidayallutah National Law University, Raipur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.93 The securities markets of India have undergone a slow but significant change in the regulation of short selling and derivatives trading, especially following the grand scale scams in the The securities markets of India have undergone a slow but significant change in the regulation of short selling and derivatives trading, especially following the grand scale scams in the market and the growing integration with international financial markets. The paper presents a critical legal and regulatory overview of the framework regulating these instruments particularly the role of the “Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)” as the overall market regulator. - [ANCIENT INDIAN LEGAL TEXT & CONSTITUTIONAL MORALITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/10/ancient-indian-legal-text-constitutional-morality/): ANCIENT INDIAN LEGAL TEXT & CONSTITUTIONAL MORALITY Aryan, Research Scholar (LLM), LPU School of Law, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (PB) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.92 This paper tries to find an inter-relation between the ancient Indian legal text and the present-day constitutional morality. Nowadays, our country is governed by the Constitution, which is also known as This paper tries to find an inter-relation between the ancient Indian legal text and the present-day constitutional morality. Nowadays, our country is governed by the Constitution, which is also known as the grundnorm of the country, but in earlier times, that is during ancient India, there were ancient legal texts which were used to govern society and to take important decisions relating to public and private matters. - [COMPASSION WITH CONSTRAINT: A CASE COMMENT ON IN RE: “CITY HOUNDED BY STRAYS, KIDS PAY PRICE”](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/06/compassion-with-constraint-a-case-comment-on-in-re-city-hounded-by-strays-kids-pay-price/): COMPASSION WITH CONSTRAINT: A CASE COMMENT ON IN RE: “CITY HOUNDED BY STRAYS, KIDS PAY PRICE” Sagarika Singh, Research Scholar, Dr. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.91 The scale of dog bites in India and the transmission of deadly illness like rabies through them are the problems that appear minuscule and frequently The scale of dog bites in India and the transmission of deadly illness like rabies through them are the problems that appear minuscule and frequently disregarded, but in reality, are rather significant. However, at the same time inhumane treatment of voiceless animals such as dogs is also a matter of concern. The Supreme Court’s recent order on stray dogs attracted widespread attention from both those who supported the order and those who disagreed with the court. - [THE DEATH PENALTY IN INDIA: JUSTICE OR RETRIBUTIVE SENTIMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/06/the-death-penalty-in-india-justice-or-retributive-sentiment/): THE DEATH PENALTY IN INDIA: JUSTICE OR RETRIBUTIVE SENTIMENT Tripti Mishra, 4th year Law student, Vijaybhoomi University (India) Nandita Dubey, 3rd year Law student, Vijaybhoomi University (India) Anuradha Padhy, Associate Faculty of Law, Vijaybhoomi University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.90 The death penalty remains one of the most divisive and morally complex issues in India’s criminal The death penalty remains one of the most divisive and morally complex issues in India’s criminal justice system. This research paper critically examines whether capital punishment serves the ends of justice or merely reflects society’s retributive instincts. Although the Supreme Court in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980) upheld its constitutionality under the “rarest of rare” doctrine, the doctrine’s inconsistent application raises serious doubts about fairness and equality before the law. - [RETHINKING MENS REA & CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/06/rethinking-mens-rea-criminal-liability-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence/): RETHINKING MENS REA & CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Swati Kumari, Student, 4th year student at Bharati Vidyapeeth (deemed to be university), New Law College, Pune (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.89 Artificial Intelligence has moved beyond being a mere technological aid and now performs functions that involve independent decision-making, often with serious real-world Artificial Intelligence has moved beyond being a mere technological aid and now performs functions that involve independent decision-making, often with serious real-world consequences. This shift raises difficult questions for penal law, particularly in relation to the requirement of mens rea. - [COMPULSORY LICENSING AND ACCESS TO GENERIC MEDICINES IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/06/compulsory-licensing-and-access-to-generic-medicines-in-india-a-critical-study/): COMPULSORY LICENSING AND ACCESS TO GENERIC MEDICINES IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY Vanshika Jakhar, LLM (IP) Student at Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.88 The affordability of medications is a critical social health concern in the developing world, and India uniquely straddles the realms of pharmaceutical advancement and social welfare. India has The affordability of medications is a critical social health concern in the developing world, and India uniquely straddles the realms of pharmaceutical advancement and social welfare. India has traditionally been recognized as a source nation for the production of generic drugs and the supply of these affordable medications to both domestic and international markets. - [GLOBAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES BY SELECT COUNTRIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/02/global-artificial-intelligence-governance-a-comparative-legal-analysis-of-approaches-by-select-countries/): GLOBAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES BY SELECT COUNTRIES Arya Sudhir Nikam, LLM in International Business Law, Kings College London, England Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.87 AI has in a relatively short time turned the world economic systems, governments, and social relations inside out, providing more opportunities for innovations and, at the same AI has in a relatively short time turned the world economic systems, governments, and social relations inside out, providing more opportunities for innovations and, at the same time, introducing complicated legal, ethical, and regulatory problems. With the continued amounts of AI technologies penetrating key industries including healthcare, finance, security, and state management, governments have to grapple with the implementation of efficient governance structures that are able to provide accountability, transparency and responsible technological advancement. - [DIGITALIZATION OF ARBITRATION IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS, DUE PROCESS, AND THE RISE OF ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/02/digitalization-of-arbitration-in-india-constitutional-safeguards-due-process-and-the-rise-of-online-dispute-resolution/): DIGITALIZATION OF ARBITRATION IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS, DUE PROCESS, AND THE RISE OF ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION Vaibhav Pandey, Student, 6th Semester pursuing BBA LL.B (Hons) at Amity Law School, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.86 In India, the digitisation of arbitration shows a major shift towards modernising how disputes are resolved through In India, the digitisation of arbitration shows a major shift towards modernising how disputes are resolved through arbitration, creating new and important questions regarding how these digital processes comply with the Constitution of India and whether they are fair. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996 has traditionally governed arbitration, but many courts now use technology to implement virtual hearings, e-filing, and Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) to administer their dispute resolution processes more quickly and efficiently, particularly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. - [CUSTOMARY LAND RIGHTS, INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: LEGAL CONFLICTS AND POTENTIAL REFORMS UNDER THE FOREST RIGHTS ACT, 2006](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/02/customary-land-rights-indigenous-communities-and-environmental-justice-legal-conflicts-and-potential-reforms-under-the-forest-rights-act-2006/): CUSTOMARY LAND RIGHTS, INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: LEGAL CONFLICTS AND POTENTIAL REFORMS UNDER THE FOREST RIGHTS ACT, 2006 Abhilasha Maurya, 3rd year, 5th semester Student at Siddhartha law collage Dehradun, Uttarakhand (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.85 Indian communities that coexist with forests have been one of the least socio-economically empowered groups and although their rights Indian communities that coexist with forests have been one of the least socio-economically empowered groups and although their rights are being acknowledged under the scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, the actual implementation of the rights is still challenging. - [INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DUE DILIGENCE: PROTECTING INNOVATION IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/02/intellectual-property-due-diligence-protecting-innovation-in-mergers-and-acquisitions/): INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DUE DILIGENCE: PROTECTING INNOVATION IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Durga Sriram Sai Siddhartha, Student Pursuing 3rd year BBA LLB (hons) at Sastra Deemed University (India) Krishnamoorthi AS, Student Pursuing 3rd year BBA LLB (hons) at Sastra Deemed University (India) Manikanda Guru S, Student Pursuing 3rd year BBA LLB (hons) at Sastra Deemed University (India) The critical importance of intellectual property (IP) due diligence within mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is greatly magnified in business segments that possess high amounts of innovation along with significant intangible assets that drive value. In light of the fact that the amount of value attributed to corporate entities is increasingly comprised of the intangible asset classes of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets, a systematic identification, valuation and protection of intangible assets are a prerequisite for successful transactions. - [COMPETITION LAW AT THE CROSSROADS: A DECADE-LONG APPRAISAL OF CCI’S ENFORCEMENT IN INDIAN DIGITAL MARKETS, 2015–2025](https://lijdlr.com/2026/04/02/competition-law-at-the-crossroads-a-decade-long-appraisal-of-ccis-enforcement-in-indian-digital-markets-2015-2025/): COMPETITION LAW AT THE CROSSROADS: A DECADE-LONG APPRAISAL OF CCI’S ENFORCEMENT IN INDIAN DIGITAL MARKETS, 2015–2025 Rajib Kumar Das, Research Fellow, Department of Law, University of Burdwan, West Bengal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.83 This article critically examines the effectiveness of the Competition Commission of India’s (CCI) enforcement in digital markets between 2015 and 2025, a This article critically examines the effectiveness of the Competition Commission of India’s (CCI) enforcement in digital markets between 2015 and 2025, a period marked by the emergence of multi-sided platforms, data-driven market power, network effects, and rapid technological change that have amplified risks of gatekeeper dominance and consumer exploitation. - [ANTICIPATORY BAIL UNDER BNSS: SCOPE, LIMITATIONS, AND CONFLICTING JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/anticipatory-bail-under-bnss-scope-limitations-and-conflicting-judicial-interpretations/): ANTICIPATORY BAIL UNDER BNSS: SCOPE, LIMITATIONS, AND CONFLICTING JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS Hastakshar Singh, Student, 10th Semester, BA LLB(H), Amity Law School, Amity University Lucknow (India) Dr. Axita Srivastava, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Amity University Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.82 Anticipatory bail operates as a critical safeguard against arbitrary arrest and unnecessary pretrial detention, drawing Anticipatory bail operates as a critical safeguard against arbitrary arrest and unnecessary pretrial detention, drawing normative strength from Article 21 and the presumption of innocence. The enactment of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) has re-codified criminal procedure and recast anticipatory bail through section 482, broadly retaining the structure of section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 while introducing notable textual and policy shifts. - [INSIDER TRADING REGULATIONS IN INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/insider-trading-regulations-in-india-and-the-united-states-a-comparative-legal-analysis/): INSIDER TRADING REGULATIONS IN INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS Tanishqa Kesarwani, Student, 10th Semester, BA LLB(H), Amity Law School, Amity University Lucknow (India) Dr. Axita Srivastava, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Amity University Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.81 Insider trading poses a serious threat to the fairness, transparency, and integrity Insider trading poses a serious threat to the fairness, transparency, and integrity of securities markets by allowing certain market participants to exploit unpublished price sensitive or material nonpublic information for personal gain. This research paper undertakes a comparative legal analysis of insider trading regulations in India and the United States, examining their conceptual foundations, regulatory frameworks, and enforcement mechanisms. - [ONLINE PIRACY AND ARTISTIC WORKS: ANALYSING INDIA’S COPYRIGHT FRAMEWORK IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/online-piracy-and-artistic-works-analysing-indias-copyright-framework-in-the-digital-age/): ONLINE PIRACY AND ARTISTIC WORKS: ANALYSING INDIA’S COPYRIGHT FRAMEWORK IN THE DIGITAL AGE Manisha Nath, LLM (IPR)/1year/2nd semester Student at Amity University Noida (India) Dr. Bhavna Batra, Assistant Professor of Law at Amity University Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.80 The high growth rate of the digital technology has changed the way artwork is created, distributed The high growth rate of the digital technology has changed the way artwork is created, distributed and consumed in India. Although digital platforms have improved the accessibility and visibility of artists, they have also intensified the menace of online piracy. Photos, paintings, films, music and digital art, like other artistic works, are now easily replicated, distributed and misused without permission, resulting in significant financial loss and moral harm to artists. - [BRAND BEYOND BORDERS: LICENSING AGREEMENTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION OF FASHION BRANDS AND THE LEGAL ARCHITECTURE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ENFORCEMENT IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/brand-beyond-borders-licensing-agreements-in-the-globalization-of-fashion-brands-and-the-legal-architecture-of-intellectual-property-enforcement-in-india/): BRAND BEYOND BORDERS: LICENSING AGREEMENTS IN THE GLOBALIZATION OF FASHION BRANDS AND THE LEGAL ARCHITECTURE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ENFORCEMENT IN INDIA Soumojit Mazumdar, 10th Semester Student pursuing BBALLB(H) at Techno India University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.79 The problem of globalisation of fashion brands and the use of licensing agreements makes the provision of legal regulations The problem of globalisation of fashion brands and the use of licensing agreements makes the provision of legal regulations rather complicated, particularly the Intellectual Property (IP) protection in various jurisdictions. The article examines the strategic importance of licensing arrangements for international expansion, accompanied by an analysis of the legal risks associated with cross-border IP protection, focusing specifically on the legal environment of the Indian market. - [COPYRIGHT PROTECTION IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRY: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF RIGHTS CHALLENGES AND ENFORCEMENT IN THE DIGITAL ERA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/copyright-protection-in-the-music-industry-a-legal-analysis-of-rights-challenges-and-enforcement-in-the-digital-era/): COPYRIGHT PROTECTION IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRY: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF RIGHTS CHALLENGES AND ENFORCEMENT IN THE DIGITAL ERA Kanisha Sharma, Final semester student pursuing LLM (IPR) at Amity Law School, Noida, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.78 The rapid digitisation of the music industry has fundamentally altered the nature of creation, distribution, and consumption of The rapid digitisation of the music industry has fundamentally altered the nature of creation, distribution, and consumption of musical works, raising complex questions regarding the adequacy of existing copyright frameworks. This paper undertakes a critical examination of copyright protection in the Indian music industry, with particular emphasis on the challenges posed by digital platforms, streaming economies, and evolving ownership structures. - [VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) AND AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN REGULATING ASSAULTS IN THE METAVERSE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/virtual-reality-vr-and-augmented-reality-ar-sexual-exploitation-legal-and-ethical-challenges-in-regulating-assaults-in-the-metaverse/): VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) AND AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN REGULATING ASSAULTS IN THE METAVERSE Suruchi Sharma, B.A.LLB (Hons) 8th Semester, Mangalayatan University Jabalpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.77 The rapid evolution of immersive technologies of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality has transformed digital interactions, giving rise to the concept of the The rapid evolution of immersive technologies of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality has transformed digital interactions, giving rise to the concept of the metaverse. While this technology offers unprecedented opportunities for socialisation, education and commerce, they have simultaneously created new avenues for sexual assault and exploitation. Incidents of non-consensual virtual groping, child grooming and sexual simulation facilitated through haptic devices highlight the pressing need to address these harms. - [FEAR OF DIGITAL FRAUD: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PERCEIVED EASE OF USE AND ACTUAL ADOPTION IN RURAL UTTAR PRADESH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/26/fear-of-digital-fraud-a-comparison-between-perceived-ease-of-use-and-actual-adoption-in-rural-uttar-pradesh/): This paper examines whether perceived ease of use in digital payment systems actually translates into meaningful and sustained adoption in rural Uttar Pradesh.. - [THE GHOST IN THE CODE: EVALUATING THE EXTRATERRITORIAL REACH OF THE IBC AND THE JUDICIAL VACUUM IN CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/23/the-ghost-in-the-code-evaluating-the-extraterritorial-reach-of-the-ibc-and-the-judicial-vacuum-in-cross-border-insolvency-resolution/): THE GHOST IN THE CODE: EVALUATING THE EXTRATERRITORIAL REACH OF THE IBC AND THE JUDICIAL VACUUM IN CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION Kriti Kumari, B.A.LL.B.(H), 8th semester, Student at Amity University, Jharkhand (India) Tahura Wasif, B.A.LL.B.(H), 8th semester, Student at Amity University, Jharkhand (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.75 The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 encodes within its text The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 encodes within its text two provisions for cross-border insolvency cooperation, Sections 234 and 235, yet both remain functionally dormant: no bilateral treaty has been concluded under Section 234 as of 2026, and India has not adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (1997). - [MOB LYNCHING AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY: A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/23/mob-lynching-and-criminal-liability-a-critical-legal-analysis/): MOB LYNCHING AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY: A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS Aujlaan Hamid, LLM, Scholar at University of Kashmir (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.74 Mob lynching has emerged as one of the most disturbing manifestations of collective violence in contemporary societies. It refers to acts of violence committed by a group of individuals against a person suspected of Mob lynching has emerged as one of the most disturbing manifestations of collective violence in contemporary societies. It refers to acts of violence committed by a group of individuals against a person suspected of wrongdoing without lawful authority or judicial sanction. Such incidents often arise from rumours, communal tensions, or identity-based prejudice and frequently result in severe injury or death. - [THE CLASSIFICATORY CRISIS IN ADOLESCENT JURISPRUDENCE: CONSENT, CULPABILITY AND AGENCY IN INDIAN LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/22/the-classificatory-crisis-in-adolescent-jurisprudence-consent-culpability-and-agency-in-indian-law/): THE CLASSIFICATORY CRISIS IN ADOLESCENT JURISPRUDENCE: CONSENT, CULPABILITY AND AGENCY IN INDIAN LAW Dr. Prabodh Kumar Garg, Assistant Professor, Faculty of law, Shia PG College, Lucknow (India) Chhaya Singh, Research Scholar, faculty of law, University of Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.73 The adolescent in Indian law is a paradox, a person defined not by their The adolescent in Indian law is a paradox, a person defined not by their own evolving mind but by the state’s contradictory demands. This paper argues that India’s legal framework is trapped in a fundamental classificatory crisis which can be understood as juridical ‘three-body problem’. - [FROM COMPLIANCE TO ALGORITHMIC GOVERNANCE: THE FUTURE OF AI-DRIVEN CORPORATE REGULATION UNDER INDIAN COMPANY LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/22/from-compliance-to-algorithmic-governance-the-future-of-ai-driven-corporate-regulation-under-indian-company-law/): FROM COMPLIANCE TO ALGORITHMIC GOVERNANCE: THE FUTURE OF AI-DRIVEN CORPORATE REGULATION UNDER INDIAN COMPANY LAW Amritanshu Upadhyay, BBA LL.B (Hons), 6th Semester, Student at Amity Law School, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.72 The rapidly advancing integration of artificial intelligence into corporate decision-making processes offers both transformative opportunities and fundamental regulatory challenges The rapidly advancing integration of artificial intelligence into corporate decision-making processes offers both transformative opportunities and fundamental regulatory challenges to the existing company law framework in India. While existing literature has largely focused on questions of legal personhood and its implications on corporate liability, a far more critical and pertinent concern has received limited attention: how existing architecture for corporate compliance under the Companies Act, 2013, can be reconceptualized to accommodate, regulate, and hold accountable AI-driven systems of corporate governance that already exist across Indian corporations. - [A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL POLICIES BETWEEN US AND INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/22/a-comparative-study-of-educational-policies-between-us-and-india/): A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL POLICIES BETWEEN US AND INDIA Akhilesh Nilkanth Kulkarni, LLM Student (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.71 This study undertakes a comparative analysis of educational policies in the United States and India, two major democratic nations with distinct socio-economic, cultural, and institutional frameworks. The research problem centers on understanding how differing policy structures, This study undertakes a comparative analysis of educational policies in the United States and India, two major democratic nations with distinct socio-economic, cultural, and institutional frameworks. The research problem centers on understanding how differing policy structures, governance models, and implementation mechanisms influence educational outcomes, particularly in terms of access, quality, equity, and innovation. - [INVISIBLE WITHIN BORDERS: THE LEGAL VACUUM OF REHABILITATION RIGHTS FOR INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/22/invisible-within-borders-the-legal-vacuum-of-rehabilitation-rights-for-internally-displaced-persons-in-india/): INVISIBLE WITHIN BORDERS: THE LEGAL VACUUM OF REHABILITATION RIGHTS FOR INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN INDIA Febin P, LL.M. Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.70 There is already extensive literature on internal displacement in India, yet this paper surveys all forms of forced relocation conflict, communal violence, development projects, and natural There is already extensive literature on internal displacement in India, yet this paper surveys all forms of forced relocation conflict, communal violence, development projects, and natural calamities to expose gaps in existing law and missing protections. It examines constitutional guarantees under Articles 14, 15, 19, and 21 alongside the Disaster Management Act 2005, the Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013, and the National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation 2007, demonstrating that definitions remain vague, entitlements unclear, and implementation inconsistent. - [CASE ANALYSIS: KARNAIL SINGH AND ANOTHER V. DARSHAN SINGH AND OTHERS (1995) SUPP (2) SCC 281 (SC)](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/22/case-analysis-karnail-singh-and-another-v-darshan-singh-and-others-1995-supp-2-scc-281-sc/): CASE ANALYSIS: KARNAIL SINGH AND ANOTHER V. DARSHAN SINGH AND OTHERS (1995) SUPP (2) SCC 281 (SC) Senthamizh Vijayakumar, 3rd Year, Student at VIT School of law (India) Satvik Keyan, 3rd Year, Student at VIT School of law (India) Dr.Saji Sivan S, Associate Professor at VIT School of law (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.69 The case The case of Karnail Singh and Another v. Darshan Singh and Others (1995) relates to the powers of the State Government in reorganizing and amalgamating the Gram Sabhas as per the Punjab Gram Panchayat Act, 1952. The case arose when the Haryana Government issued a notification for the amalgamation of two Gram Sabhas as a single unit for administrative purposes in the district of Kurukshetra. - [REVISITING ARBITRABILITY IN COMPETITION LAW: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND THE INDIAN DILEMMA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/18/revisiting-arbitrability-in-competition-law-a-comparative-analysis-and-the-indian-dilemma/): The question of whether competition law disputes can be resolved through arbitration has long been a subject of debate. Traditionally, such disputes have been.. - [AUTHORSHIP ISSUE IN INDIAN COPYRIGHT LAW FOR WORKS CREATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/17/authorship-issue-in-indian-copyright-law-for-works-created-by-artificial-intelligence/): AUTHORSHIP ISSUE IN INDIAN COPYRIGHT LAW FOR WORKS CREATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Harini V. S, IV-year B.B.A LL. B (Hons), Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.67 Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly participating in creative processes such as writing, music composition, and visual art production, raising Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly participating in creative processes such as writing, music composition, and visual art production, raising complex questions for copyright law worldwide. In India, the Copyright Act, 1957 is premised on a human-centric understanding of authorship, reflecting the traditional assumption that creativity originates from natural persons. - [CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS UNDER THE COMPANIES ACT 2013](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/17/corporate-governance-and-corporate-accountability-in-india-a-critical-analysis-under-the-companies-act-2013/): CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS UNDER THE COMPANIES ACT 2013 Aleena. B. Alex, LLM (Business Law), 2nd Semester Student at Amity Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Amity University (Noida) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.66 The role of corporate governance in ensuring transparency, accountability and responsible management of corporations is an extremely The role of corporate governance in ensuring transparency, accountability and responsible management of corporations is an extremely important one. Corporate Governance consists of the whole system of rules, practices and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. The idea behind effective corporate governance is to protect the interests of shareholders and all stakeholders, as well as to encourage ethical behavior in the business community. - [CASE ANALYSIS: VIKAS KISHANRAO GAWALI V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA (2021) 6 SCC 73](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/17/case-analysis-vikas-kishanrao-gawali-v-state-of-maharashtra-2021-6-scc-73/): CASE ANALYSIS: VIKAS KISHANRAO GAWALI V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA (2021) 6 SCC 73 S. Akash, B.B.A.LLB/3rd year/6th semester Student at VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) Mukeshwaran, B.B.A.LLB/3rd year/6th semester Student at VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) Dr. Saji Sivan S, Assistant professor, VIT School of Law, VIT Chennai (India) Download Manuscript The decision in Vikas Kishanrao Gawali v. State of Maharashtra represents a significant development in the constitutional jurisprudence relating to political reservations in local self-government institutions in India. The litigation arose from a challenge to the constitutional validity of the reservation framework for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in local bodies in Maharashtra, particularly the operation of Section 12(2)(c) of the Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis Act, 1961, which enabled reservation for backward classes in such institutions. - [CRIMINALIZATION OF MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/17/criminalization-of-marital-rape-in-india-a-constitutional-and-human-rights-perspective/): CRIMINALIZATION OF MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE Shashwat Gupta, B.A. LL. B (Hons), Guru Govind Singh Indraprastha University (India) Saurav Sanjay, B.B.A LL. B (Hons), Guru Govind Singh Indraprastha University (India) Megha Prabhakar, B.B.A LL. B (Hons), Guru Govind Singh Indraprastha University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.64 Still stuck from British Still stuck from British times, India lets married men escape rape charges if their wife is above eighteen. Section 63, Exception 2 in the new Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 keeps this rule alive. Marriage doesn’t mean surrendering control over one’s body. That idea clashes with what the Constitution promises - fair treatment under Article 14 and personal freedom under Article 21. - [THE CLEAN SLATE IN A CONTAMINATED ESTATE: RESOLVING THE STRUCTURAL CONFLICT BETWEEN SECTION 32A OF THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE AND THE ENFORCEMENT DIRECTORATE’S ATTACHMENT POWERS UNDER THE PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING ACT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/17/the-clean-slate-in-a-contaminated-estate-resolving-the-structural-conflict-between-section-32a-of-the-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code-and-the-enforcement-directorates-attachment-powers-under/): THE CLEAN SLATE IN A CONTAMINATED ESTATE: RESOLVING THE STRUCTURAL CONFLICT BETWEEN SECTION 32A OF THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE AND THE ENFORCEMENT DIRECTORATE’S ATTACHMENT POWERS UNDER THE PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING ACT Tahura Wasif, Student, 8th semester, B.A.LL.B (H) at Amity University Jharkhand (India) Kriti Kumari, Student, 8th semester, B.A.LL.B (H) at Amity University The insertion of Section 32A into the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) established the “Clean Slate” doctrine, aiming to immunize successfully resolved corporate debtors from prior criminal liabilities. However, this commercial imperative frequently collides with the Enforcement Directorate’s (ED) independent mandate to attach “proceeds of crime” under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). - [STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT: APPLYING CHINA’S 2025 ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING REFORMS TO PAKISTAN’S FINTECH REGULATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/13/strengthening-compliance-and-enforcement-applying-chinas-2025-anti-money-laundering-reforms-to-pakistans-fintech-regulation/): STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT: APPLYING CHINA’S 2025 ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING REFORMS TO PAKISTAN’S FINTECH REGULATION Wafee Salam Ahmad, LL.M. Candidate in International Commercial Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law (SWUPL) Chongqing, China, Advocate, Punjab Bar Council, Pakistan Nasser Abdrabou Peter, LL.M. Candidate in International Commercial Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law (SWUPL), Money laundering remains a significant threat to global financial systems, national security, and economic stability. With the rapid development of financial technology (fintech), existing anti-money laundering (AML) frameworks face growing limitations. China’s 2025 Anti-Money Laundering Law introduces substantial regulatory innovations by formally integrating fintech platforms and virtual asset service providers (VASPs) into the AML compliance regime, strengthening supervisory powers, and enhancing transparency through mechanisms such as beneficial ownership identification and technology-driven monitoring. - [MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT UNDER THE LENS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES AND THE NEED OF REGULATORY REFORMS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/13/media-and-entertainment-under-the-lens-of-intellectual-property-issues-and-challenges-and-the-need-of-regulatory-reforms/): MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT UNDER THE LENS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES AND THE NEED OF REGULATORY REFORMS Ananya Yadav, LLM Student (Intellectual Property) Student at Christ Deemed to be University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.61 Intellectual Property Rights serve as the backbone of the media and entertainment sector, protecting creative works and rewarding innovation. In Intellectual Property Rights serve as the backbone of the media and entertainment sector, protecting creative works and rewarding innovation. In the digital age characterized by rapid technological change, globalization, and an explosion of online content the effective enforcement and evolution of IPR have become increasingly complex yet essential. - [COMMUNITY SERVICE AS A PUNISHMENT UNDER THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023: A STEP TOWARD REFORMATIVE SENTENCING IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/13/community-service-as-a-punishment-under-the-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-2023-a-step-toward-reformative-sentencing-in-india/): COMMUNITY SERVICE AS A PUNISHMENT UNDER THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023: A STEP TOWARD REFORMATIVE SENTENCING IN INDIA Muskan Singh, Sem 6th Student (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.60 The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 introduces community service as a formal sentencing option in Indian criminal law, marking a cautious but meaningful transition from a predominantly incarceration-oriented system The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 introduces community service as a formal sentencing option in Indian criminal law, marking a cautious but meaningful transition from a predominantly incarceration-oriented system toward a more reformative and restorative framework. Traditionally, the Indian penal structure has relied heavily on imprisonment and monetary penalties, particularly in cases involving minor offences. - [THE E-RUPEE: A ROADMAP FOR INDIA’S DIGITAL CURRENCY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/13/the-e-rupee-a-roadmap-for-indias-digital-currency/): THE E-RUPEE: A ROADMAP FOR INDIA’S DIGITAL CURRENCY Asif Pasha A B, Student, LL.M., School of Law, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.59 The introduction of the e-Rupee, India’s proposed Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), represents a significant milestone in the evolution of sovereign The introduction of the e-Rupee, India’s proposed Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), represents a significant milestone in the evolution of sovereign digital money. As economies across the world increasingly move toward digital financial systems, CBDCs have emerged as a state-backed alternative to private cryptocurrencies and existing electronic payment mechanisms. - [BEYOND THE FINAL FRONTIER: NAVIGATING THE LEGAL COSMOS OF OUTER SPACE REGULATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/beyond-the-final-frontier-navigating-the-legal-cosmos-of-outer-space-regulation-2/): BEYOND THE FINAL FRONTIER: NAVIGATING THE LEGAL COSMOS OF OUTER SPACE REGULATION Ria Singh, 10th Semester Student at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Arvind Kumar Singh, Associate Professor at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.57 This research examines how the existing international space law regime responds to the rapid expansion This research examines how the existing international space law regime responds to the rapid expansion of commercial, strategic and dual use activities in outer space. It analyses the constitutional role of the United Nations space treaties, especially the Outer Space Treaty, and shows how soft law, UN practice and domestic legislation now carry much of the regulatory burden in areas like resource utilisation, space security and sustainability. - [DEEPFAKE TECHNOLOGY, CYBERSTALKING, AND ONLINE HARASSMENT- A GENDERED ANALYSIS OF CYBERCRIME AND VICTIM PROTECTION MECHANISMS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/deepfake-technology-cyberstalking-and-online-harassment-a-gendered-analysis-of-cybercrime-and-victim-protection-mechanisms-in-india/): DEEPFAKE TECHNOLOGY, CYBERSTALKING, AND ONLINE HARASSMENT- A GENDERED ANALYSIS OF CYBERCRIME AND VICTIM PROTECTION MECHANISMS IN INDIA Aditi Singh Bhadauria, LLB 3rd year (6th semester) Student at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Rajeev Kumar Singh, Assistant Professor of Law (Sr. Grade), Amity Law School Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.56 This paper examines how This paper examines how artificial intelligence enabled deepfakes, cyberstalking, and online harassment operate as gendered cybercrimes in India and how existing victim protection mechanisms perform in practice. It maps the production and circulation pathways of synthetic audio visual content, the tactics of surveillance, impersonation, doxxing, and threats, and the platform dynamics that accelerate harm through anonymity, virality, and algorithmic reinforcement. - [THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/the-juvenile-justice-system-in-india/): THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA Pragati Kumari, LL.B./3rd Year/6th Semester Student at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Astha Srivastava, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.58 The juvenile justice system in India now rests on a unified child rights framework that treats all persons below eighteen as children The juvenile justice system in India now rests on a unified child rights framework that treats all persons below eighteen as children and distinguishes carefully between children in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, aligned with UNCRC standards, embeds principles of best interests, rehabilitation, diversion and institutionalisation as a measure of last resort, while the new criminal codes on substantive offences, procedure and evidence operate around this special regime. - [THE DARK SIDE OF AI: CRYPTOCURRENCY AND CYBERCRIME: REGULATORY GAPS IN DIGITAL ASSET TRACING](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/the-dark-side-of-ai-cryptocurrency-and-cybercrime-regulatory-gaps-in-digital-asset-tracing/): THE DARK SIDE OF AI: CRYPTOCURRENCY AND CYBERCRIME: REGULATORY GAPS IN DIGITAL ASSET TRACING Vishwajeet Singh, LLB 3rd year (6th semester) Student at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Mudra Singh, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.55 This paper examines how artificial intelligence is reshaping cryptocurrency-enabled cybercrime and This paper examines how artificial intelligence is reshaping cryptocurrency-enabled cybercrime and why Indian regulatory architecture still struggles to trace, freeze, and prosecute virtual digital asset flows at speed. It maps the modern crime stack, from AI-assisted phishing and social engineering to ransomware, pig butchering, mixer use, and cross-chain laundering. - [INTERMEDIARY LIABILITY IN INDIA POST 2021 RULES: A CONSTITUTIONAL BALANCE OF FREE SPEECH AND REGULATORY ACCOUNTABILITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/intermediary-liability-in-india-post-2021-rules-a-constitutional-balance-of-free-speech-and-regulatory-accountability/): INTERMEDIARY LIABILITY IN INDIA POST 2021 RULES: A CONSTITUTIONAL BALANCE OF FREE SPEECH AND REGULATORY ACCOUNTABILITY Madhumitha Gopinath, Author is an Advocate at Bar Council of Tamilnadu and Puducherry, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.54 The rapid expansion of digital communication platforms has significantly transformed democratic discourse in India, raising complex regulatory and constitutional questions regarding the The rapid expansion of digital communication platforms has significantly transformed democratic discourse in India, raising complex regulatory and constitutional questions regarding the liability of online intermediaries. Public expression is now increasingly mediated through digital intermediaries, particularly social media platforms, which has generated complex legal and constitutional questions regarding their regulation. An original protection of intermediaries under the Information Technology Act, 2000, Section 79, although conditional, was the protection of the so-called safe harbour by intermediaries. - [LAWS TO CURB CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/laws-to-curb-crimes-against-women-in-india/): LAWS TO CURB CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA Vanshika, 10th semester B.A.LL.B (H) Student at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Srijan Mishra, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.53 Crimes against women are still a serious social and legal issue in India and a serious human rights violation. Crimes against women are still a serious social and legal issue in India and a serious human rights violation. Despite constitutional guarantees of fairness, respect, and personal freedom, women are subjected to a wide range of forms of brutality, involving domestic abuse, sexual assaults, harassment, cruelty related to dowries, trafficking in persons, and cybercrimes. The Indian legal system has created a comprehensive structure that includes judicial interventions, special laws, punitive measures, and constitutional safeguards in response to these enduring issues. - [RESTORING JUSTICE THROUGH COMMUNITY SERVICE UNDER CRIMINAL LAWS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/restoring-justice-through-community-service-under-criminal-laws-a-comparative-analysis-of-india-and-south-africa/): RESTORING JUSTICE THROUGH COMMUNITY SERVICE UNDER CRIMINAL LAWS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA Arya Raj, 3rd Year B.A. LLB Student at CHRIST (Deemed to be University) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.52 This doctrinal research paper undertakes a comparative analysis of community service as a restorative sentencing mechanism in the criminal justice systems of This doctrinal research paper undertakes a comparative analysis of community service as a restorative sentencing mechanism in the criminal justice systems of India and South Africa. The study examines the legal foundations, institutional frameworks, and practical implementation of community service as a non-custodial sanction designed to reconcile punitive justice with rehabilitative and restorative objectives. Using a doctrinal research methodology, the paper analyses constitutional provisions, statutory frameworks, and judicial decisions from both jurisdictions, along with relevant academic literature and policy reports. - [CASE COMMENT: SULTHAN SAID IBRAHIM v. PRAKASAN & ORS., 2025 INSC 767](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/case-comment-sulthan-said-ibrahim-v-prakasan-ors-2025-insc-767/): CASE COMMENT: SULTHAN SAID IBRAHIM v. PRAKASAN & ORS., 2025 INSC 767 Saatvik, VI Semester Student pursuing BBA LLB (H.) at Vivekananda School of Law & Legal Studies, VIPS (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.51 This case comment analyses the decision of the Supreme Court of India in Sulthan Said Ibrahim v. Prakasan & Ors., 2025 INSC This case comment analyses the decision of the Supreme Court of India in Sulthan Said Ibrahim v. Prakasan & Ors., 2025 INSC 767, which addresses significant procedural questions concerning impleadment of parties, the doctrine of res judicata, and the consequences of decrees for specific performance. The dispute arose from a suit seeking specific performance of an agreement to sell immovable property. - [PLATFORM LIABILITY AND DEEPFAKE PORNOGRAPHY: ARE INDIA’S INTERMEDIARY RULES FIT FOR THE AI AGE?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/platform-liability-and-deepfake-pornography-are-indias-intermediary-rules-fit-for-the-ai-age/): PLATFORM LIABILITY AND DEEPFAKE PORNOGRAPHY: ARE INDIA’S INTERMEDIARY RULES FIT FOR THE AI AGE? Saloni Shashank Patil, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Satya Prakash Mishra, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.50 The advent of deepfake pornography significantly changes the way digital sexual abuse can be The advent of deepfake pornography significantly changes the way digital sexual abuse can be carried out. Deepfake pornography is a method of identity distortion and a violation of the individuals’ dignity, privacy, and sexual autonomy rights, which are protected by Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. - [COMPETITION LAW IN DIGITAL ECONOMY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/09/competition-law-in-digital-economy/): COMPETITION LAW IN DIGITAL ECONOMY Divyanshi, VIII semester student/ BA-LLB, Student at Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad (India) Prakriti Raghuvanshi, VIII semester student/ BA-LLB, Student at Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.49 India’s digital economy has rapidly transformed market structures, creating new opportunities while simultaneously raising complex competition law concerns. The Competition Act, 2002, India’s digital economy has rapidly transformed market structures, creating new opportunities while simultaneously raising complex competition law concerns. The Competition Act, 2002, originally designed for traditional industries, does not fully account for digital market characteristics such as network effects, platform ecosystems, and data-driven algorithms. - [JUDGEMENT COMMENT: SUPRIYO CHAKRABORTY & ANR V. UOI](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/06/judgement-comment-supriyo-chakraborty-anr-v-uoi/): JUDGEMENT COMMENT: SUPRIYO CHAKRABORTY & ANR V. UOI Saanjh Inuganti, Third Year B.A.LL. B student of Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Navi Mumbai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.48 The present article critically examines the landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India in Supriyo Chakraborty & Anr v. Union of India (2023), which addressed the The present article critically examines the landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India in Supriyo Chakraborty & Anr v. Union of India (2023), which addressed the question of legal recognition of same-sex marriages in India. The case arose from petitions filed by several same-sex couples seeking recognition of their unions under existing statutory frameworks, particularly the Special Marriage Act, 1954, the Foreign Marriage Act, 1969, and the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. - [ADMONITION AND NON-CUSTODIAL SENTENCING IN INDIA AFTER THE NEW CRIMINAL LAWS - CONTINUITY, REFORM AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/06/admonition-and-non-custodial-sentencing-in-india-after-the-new-criminal-laws-continuity-reform-and-future-directions/): ADMONITION AND NON-CUSTODIAL SENTENCING IN INDIA AFTER THE NEW CRIMINAL LAWS - CONTINUITY, REFORM AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Swetketu Das, Asst. Professor, School of Legal Studies, The Neotia University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.47 The transition from the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) to the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) marks a significant moment in The transition from the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) to the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) marks a significant moment in India’s criminal justice reform. Yet, while procedural architecture has evolved, the foundational philosophy of non-custodial sentencing, particularly release after admonition and probation remains substantially rooted in the Probation of Offenders Act 1958 (POA). - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/05/artificial-intelligence-and-intellectual-property-rights-legal-and-ethical-implications/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS Nilisha Gupta, B.A L.L.B 3rd year 6th Semester at GLA University, Mathura (India) Shweta Singh, B.Com L.L.B 3rd year 6th Semester at GLA University, Mathura (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.46 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), raising fundamental questions regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), raising fundamental questions regarding ownership, inventorship, and the adequacy of existing legal frameworks. Intellectual property rights have traditionally been designed to protect human creativity and innovation, ensuring economic benefits and incentivizing further research and development. - [A STUDY ON ECONOMIC COSTS OF OVER-INCARCERATION IN INDIA: A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/04/a-study-on-economic-costs-of-over-incarceration-in-india-a-multi-dimensional-approach/): A STUDY ON ECONOMIC COSTS OF OVER-INCARCERATION IN INDIA: A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH Tejasviya.R, Undergraduate Law Student, II year – B.C.A LL.B(Hons.), School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai (India) Dr. M.D Chinnu, Assistant. Professor, Dept. of Economics, School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, This study examines over-incarceration not merely as a criminal justice concern but as a significant economic issue affecting the nation at large. It analyses the direct and hidden economic costs imposed on the State’s exchequer, including infrastructure, administrative, medical, and opportunity costs. The research adopts a mixed methodology combining doctrinal analysis with empirical (non-doctrinal) research based on stratified random sampling of 135 respondents. - [LGBTQ COMMUNITY IN INDIA A SOCIO-LEGAL ISSUE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/05/lgbtq-community-in-india-a-socio-legal-issue/): LGBTQ COMMUNITY IN INDIA A SOCIO-LEGAL ISSUE Yashasvi Khattry, BA.LLB (H) /5th year/Semester 10th Student at Amity Law School Lucknow (India) Dr. Rohit Kumar Shukla, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.43 This research paper examines the position of the LGBTQ community in India as a socio legal issue, with a This research paper examines the position of the LGBTQ community in India as a socio legal issue, with a specific focus on constitutional guarantees, judicial developments and gaps in public policy. It traces the journey from colonial criminalisation under Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code to the recognition of sexual orientation and gender identity as protected facets of dignity, privacy and equality under Articles 14, 15, 19 and 21. - [SHADOW DIRECTORS AND DE FACTO CONTROL OF INDIAN CORPORATE GROUPS: RE-EVALUATING ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/05/shadow-directors-and-de-facto-control-of-indian-corporate-groups-re-evaluating-accountability-in-the-companies-act-2013/): SHADOW DIRECTORS AND DE FACTO CONTROL OF INDIAN CORPORATE GROUPS: RE-EVALUATING ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013 Danny Varghese, LL.M (Business Law), Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.44 The concept of shadow directors fills a vital yet underdeveloped place in corporate governance jurisprudence. In certain countries, including the United Kingdom, shadow directorship has been The concept of shadow directors fills a vital yet underdeveloped place in corporate governance jurisprudence. In certain countries, including the United Kingdom, shadow directorship has been recognised in statute as a tool to hold persons actually in real influence or control over the board of a company liable, even though the person is not formally appointed to the board. Indian Company law under Companies Act, 2013, in its turn, does not give a detailed statutory definition of shadow directors, or de facto control in corporate groups. - [UNIVERSITY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY POLICIES IN TRANSITION: LESSONS FROM THE BAYH-DOLE ACT AND THE CASE FOR A COMPREHENSIVE INDIAN FRAMEWORK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/05/university-intellectual-property-policies-in-transition-lessons-from-the-bayh-dole-act-and-the-case-for-a-comprehensive-indian-framework/): UNIVERSITY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY POLICIES IN TRANSITION: LESSONS FROM THE BAYH-DOLE ACT AND THE CASE FOR A COMPREHENSIVE INDIAN FRAMEWORK Mohan Kumar N, LLM Student, School of Law, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.45 This research paper examines the critical relationship between university intellectual property (IP) policies and innovation outputs, with particular This research paper examines the critical relationship between university intellectual property (IP) policies and innovation outputs, with particular focus on the Indian higher education and research landscape. It investigates how statutory frameworks, judicial interpretations, and institutional policies collectively shape ownership, commercialization, and benefit-sharing of academic innovations. - [AGENTIC ALGORITHMS AND ANTITRUST: RETHINKING COLLUSION IN THE AGE OF AUTONOMOUS AI](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/04/agentic-algorithms-and-antitrust-rethinking-collusion-in-the-age-of-autonomous-ai/): AGENTIC ALGORITHMS AND ANTITRUST: RETHINKING COLLUSION IN THE AGE OF AUTONOMOUS AI Rishabh Sisodiya, 4th Year Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Ayush Agrawal, 4th Year Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Adarsh Jain, 4th Year Student at National Law Institute University, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.41 The proliferation of agentic The proliferation of agentic artificial intelligence in digital markets presents an unprecedented challenge to established competition law frameworks. Unlike conventional pricing software, agentic AI systems powered by deep reinforcement learning and Q-learning autonomously observe market conditions, adapt strategies, and converge on supra-competitive equilibria without any explicit human instruction or inter-firm communication. - [OFFENCES RELATING TO MARRIAGE IN INDIA: A DOCTRINAL AND SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF STATUTORY FRAMEWORK AND JUDICIAL TRENDS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/04/offences-relating-to-marriage-in-india-a-doctrinal-and-socio-legal-analysis-of-statutory-framework-and-judicial-trends/): OFFENCES RELATING TO MARRIAGE IN INDIA: A DOCTRINAL AND SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF STATUTORY FRAMEWORK AND JUDICIAL TRENDS Ishita Singh, BA.LL.B (hons)/5th year/10th semester Student at Amity University Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.40 This study examines the doctrinal and socio-legal framework governing offences relating to marriage in India, with particular focus on the statutory consolidation This study examines the doctrinal and socio-legal framework governing offences relating to marriage in India, with particular focus on the statutory consolidation introduced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and its interaction with procedural and evidentiary regimes. Marriage is analysed not merely as a personal or cultural institution but as a legally regulated status that generates enforceable rights and corresponding vulnerabilities. - [BEYOND THE BINARY: ANALYZING INTERSECTIONAL BARRIERS TO JUSTICE AND THE IMPLEMENTATION CRISIS OF ANTI-HARASSMENT LAWS FOR MARGINALIZED IDENTITIES IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/beyond-the-binary-analyzing-intersectional-barriers-to-justice-and-the-implementation-crisis-of-anti-harassment-laws-for-marginalized-identities-in-india/): BEYOND THE BINARY: ANALYZING INTERSECTIONAL BARRIERS TO JUSTICE AND THE IMPLEMENTATION CRISIS OF ANTI-HARASSMENT LAWS FOR MARGINALIZED IDENTITIES IN INDIA Astha Pandey, BALLB/5th year/10 semester Student at Amity Law School Lucknow (India) Dr. Kunvar Dushyant Singh, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.39 This paper examines how India’s anti-harassment legal regime, This paper examines how India’s anti-harassment legal regime, while formally grounded in equality and dignity, often fails to deliver effective remedies for persons whose lived identities do not align with dominant, binary and majoritarian assumptions embedded in institutional practice. Using an intersectional lens, it argues that harassment is not merely an individual wrong but a structural harm produced through overlapping hierarchies of gender, caste, class, disability, sexuality, religion, migration status, and workplace precarity. - [R V R [1992] 1 AC 599 HOUSE OF LORDS, UNITED KINGDOM: LANDMARK CASE ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/r-v-r-1992-1-ac-599-house-of-lords-united-kingdom-landmark-case-analysis/): R V R [1992] 1 AC 599 HOUSE OF LORDS, UNITED KINGDOM: LANDMARK CASE ANALYSIS Diya Deb, 2nd year (BA.LLB Hons) Student at TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.38 The decision of the House of Lords in R v R [1992] 1 AC 599 stands as a transformative moment in English criminal law. For The decision of the House of Lords in R v R [1992] 1 AC 599 stands as a transformative moment in English criminal law. For over two centuries, the common law had accepted the proposition, attributed to Sir Matthew Hale in 1736, that a husband could not be guilty of raping his wife, on the fiction that marriage entailed irrevocable consent to sexual intercourse. This case analysis examines how that doctrine was ultimately dismantled by the House of Lords in 1991. - [STATUTORY FRAMEWORK AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE TAMIL NADU LAND REFORMS (FIXATION OF CEILING ON LAND) ACT, 1961: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/statutory-framework-and-judicial-interpretation-of-the-tamil-nadu-land-reforms-fixation-of-ceiling-on-land-act-1961-an-analytical-study/): STATUTORY FRAMEWORK AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE TAMIL NADU LAND REFORMS (FIXATION OF CEILING ON LAND) ACT, 1961: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY Pavithra S, II Year, LLM, Department of Property Law, School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, (India) Dr. P. Brinda, Associate Professor, School of Excellence in Law, The Tamil The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Act, 1961 represents a significant legislative attempt to implement agrarian reform by limiting the concentration of agricultural land and facilitating equitable distribution. Despite the clarity of its social-welfare objective, the Act has generated extensive litigation, particularly concerning the interpretation and application of its statutory provisions. - [FISCAL FEDERALISM AND URBAN LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CENTRAL AND STATE FINANCE COMMISSIONS UNDER THE TWELFTH SCHEDULE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/fiscal-federalism-and-urban-local-governance-in-india-a-constitutional-analysis-of-the-central-and-state-finance-commissions-under-the-twelfth-schedule/): FISCAL FEDERALISM AND URBAN LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CENTRAL AND STATE FINANCE COMMISSIONS UNDER THE TWELFTH SCHEDULE Nishtha Singh, LL.M, 1st Year Student at Amity University Lucknow Campus, (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.36 India’s constitutional framework of fiscal federalism seeks to balance national unity with decentralised governance by distributing financial powers India’s constitutional framework of fiscal federalism seeks to balance national unity with decentralised governance by distributing financial powers among the Union, States, and local self-government institutions. The enactment of the Seventy-Third and Seventy-Fourth Constitutional Amendments marked a decisive shift by constitutionally recognising Panchayats and Municipalities as institutions of self-government and by introducing the Eleventh and Twelfth Schedules. - [INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON REHABILITATIVE JUSTICE: ASSESSING THE NEED FOR REFORM OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/international-perspective-on-rehabilitative-justice-assessing-the-need-for-reform-of-criminal-punishment-and-protection-of-human-rights/): INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON REHABILITATIVE JUSTICE: ASSESSING THE NEED FOR REFORM OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Sam S. Siryon, BA. LL. B Honors, Apeejay Stya University School of Legal Studies, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.35 In contemporary legal settings, rehabilitative criminal punishment has been criticized for its high cost in integrating rehabilitated criminals into In contemporary legal settings, rehabilitative criminal punishment has been criticized for its high cost in integrating rehabilitated criminals into society, ineffectiveness, infringement on human rights, and the risk of creating a wide net of penal control. It has also been critiqued for the potential for sentencing disparities based on perceived needs for rehabilitation rather than the severity of the crime, and the lack of traditional due process safeguards within rehabilitative programs. - [WHY CLEAN WATER IS A BASIC HUMAN RIGHT IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/why-clean-water-is-a-basic-human-right-in-india/): WHY CLEAN WATER IS A BASIC HUMAN RIGHT IN INDIA T. Jeba Vasanth, BA.LLB (Hons) 3rdyear, Bharath institute of law, Chennai, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.34 Access to clean water is an indispensable component of human dignity and survival so fundamental, in fact, that it has been recognized by the United Nations as a basic human Access to clean water is an indispensable component of human dignity and survival so fundamental, in fact, that it has been recognized by the United Nations as a basic human right under Resolution 64/292 (2010), which calls on states to ensure affordable, safe, and physically accessible water for all. The judiciary in India has gradually construed the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution to include access to clean water as a fundamental component of living with dignity and in a healthy environment, despite the fact that the right to water is not specifically stated in the statute. - [BEYOND TRADITIONAL ATTRIBUTION: RETHINKING STATE RESPONSIBILITY UNDER ARSIWA IN LIGHT OF THE SOLARWINDS CYBERATTACK](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/beyond-traditional-attribution-rethinking-state-responsibility-under-arsiwa-in-light-of-the-solarwinds-cyberattack/): BEYOND TRADITIONAL ATTRIBUTION: RETHINKING STATE RESPONSIBILITY UNDER ARSIWA IN LIGHT OF THE SOLARWINDS CYBERATTACK Aakriti Khattry, 3rd year (VI semester) Student at Manipal Law School, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bengaluru, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.33 This paper brings to light the evidentiary and normative gaps in cyberspace for the attribution of State responsibility under the This paper brings to light the evidentiary and normative gaps in cyberspace for the attribution of State responsibility under the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA), while also questioning whether the ARSIWA attribution framework is adequately suited to modern cyber operations. This paper also studies how political attribution of cyber operations very often outpaces the stricter and finer legal standards which are required under Arsiwa, through the 2020 SolarWinds cyberattack case. - [FROM PRISONERS TO SUSPECTS: RECONFIGURING STATE POWER UNDER THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (IDENTIFICATION) ACT, 2022](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/from-prisoners-to-suspects-reconfiguring-state-power-under-the-criminal-procedure-identification-act-2022/): FROM PRISONERS TO SUSPECTS: RECONFIGURING STATE POWER UNDER THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (IDENTIFICATION) ACT, 2022 Abdus Sami Osman Chaus, Ph.D. Research Scholar, Yashwantrao Chavan Law College & Ph.D. Research Centre, Pune (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.32 The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 represents a significant transformation in India’s framework of criminal identification by expanding the categories of The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 represents a significant transformation in India’s framework of criminal identification by expanding the categories of individuals from whom biometric and biological data may be compulsorily collected. Unlike the Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920, which primarily targeted convicted persons and limited custodial categories, the 2022 legislation extends biometric extraction to individuals arrested, detained, or subjected to preventive proceedings. - [NEURO-RIGHTS: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND CHALLENGES IN PROTECTING BRAIN DATA IN THE NEUROTECHNOLOGY ERA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/03/02/neuro-rights-legal-frameworks-and-challenges-in-protecting-brain-data-in-the-neurotechnology-era/): NEURO-RIGHTS: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND CHALLENGES IN PROTECTING BRAIN DATA IN THE NEUROTECHNOLOGY ERA Apurva Verma, BBA LLB/2nd year/4th Semester Student at Symbiosis law school, NOIDA, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.31 The rapid advancement of neurotechnology, from medical implants to consumer brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), presents unprecedented challenges to fundamental human rights. These technologies access, monitor, and even The rapid advancement of neurotechnology, from medical implants to consumer brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), presents unprecedented challenges to fundamental human rights. These technologies access, monitor, and even influence neural activity, generating "neurodata", highly sensitive information revealing an individual's thoughts, emotions, and mental states. - [INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR, SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE, AND CRYPTO TAX NON-COMPLIANCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/investor-behaviour-social-media-influence-and-crypto-tax-non-compliance/): INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR, SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE, AND CRYPTO TAX NON-COMPLIANCE Vidushi Singh Vihan, PhD Scholar, Sardar Patel Subharti Institute of Law, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University (India) Dr. Afreen Almas, Assistant Professor, Sardar Patel Subharti Institute of Law, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.28 This research examines the complex relationship between investor behaviour, social This research examines the complex relationship between investor behaviour, social media influence, and crypto tax non-compliance within the evolving Indian regulatory framework governing virtual digital assets (VDAs). The rapid expansion of cryptocurrency participation in India, driven primarily by retail investors and digital trading platforms, has created significant compliance challenges for tax authorities despite the introduction of a specialised taxation regime under the Finance Act, 2022. - [BINDING NON-SIGNATORIES TO ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS: DOCTRINAL DEVELOPMENT AND JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/binding-non-signatories-to-arbitration-agreements-doctrinal-development-and-judicial-practice-in-india/): BINDING NON-SIGNATORIES TO ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS: DOCTRINAL DEVELOPMENT AND JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN INDIA Prakhar Singh, BA LLB (H), 5th year, 10th Semester Student at Amity University, Lucknow Campus (India). Dr Sheeba Khalid, Assistant Professsor at Amity University, Lucknow Campus (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.25 Arbitration in India is founded on consent party autonomy and contractual privity under Arbitration in India is founded on consent party autonomy and contractual privity under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996. Traditionally only signatories to an arbitration agreement could be compelled to arbitrate disputes. However, contemporary commercial transactions increasingly involve complex corporate groups consortium arrangements and composite contracts where several entities participate in performance without formally signing the arbitration clause. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BLOCKCHAIN ANALYTICS IN DETECTING CRYPTO TAX EVASION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/artificial-intelligence-and-blockchain-analytics-in-detecting-crypto-tax-evasion/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BLOCKCHAIN ANALYTICS IN DETECTING CRYPTO TAX EVASION Vidushi Singh Vihan, PhD Scholar, Sardar Patel Subharti Institute of Law, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University (India). Dr.Afreen Almas, Assistant Professor, Sardar Patel Subharti Institute of Law, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut (India). Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.24 This paper examines how artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain analytics This paper examines how artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain analytics can be operationalised as enforcement technologies to detect crypto tax evasion in India, while remaining compliant with evolving legal constraints on privacy and digital evidence. It situates the analysis within India’s post-2022 “virtual digital asset” (VDA) taxation architecture, including the statutory definition of VDA, the special charging and ring-fencing framework that taxes transfers at a flat rate with limited deductions, and the transaction-level reporting trail created through the one per cent tax deduction at source (TDS) mechanism on VDA transfers. - [BEYOND DOUBT, BUT NOT BEYOND REASON: REASSESSING THE PREPONDERANCE STANDARD](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/beyond-doubt-but-not-beyond-reason-reassessing-the-preponderance-standard/): BEYOND DOUBT, BUT NOT BEYOND REASON: REASSESSING THE PREPONDERANCE STANDARD Aashi Bindal, SY. BALL.B, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Law Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.30 The concept of Preponderance of Probability is a foundational standard of proof in Civil Jurisprudence. Unlike the stringent threshold of “beyond reasonable doubt” in Criminal trials, this standard emphasizes the greater likelihood The concept of Preponderance of Probability is a foundational standard of proof in Civil Jurisprudence. Unlike the stringent threshold of "beyond reasonable doubt" in Criminal trials, this standard emphasizes the greater likelihood of one version of events over the other. This article explores the historical emergence, doctrinal basis, statutory anchoring, and judicial interpretations of the preponderance standard in both Indian and comparative legal contexts. - [AI-GENERATED WORKS AND COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/ai-generated-works-and-copyright-ownership-a-comparative-analysis-of-global-legal-frameworks/): AI-GENERATED WORKS AND COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS Kushangi Sameliya, IP Associate at D.S. Associates (DSA) (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.29 The fast development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can generate text, images, music and other creative works has posed a large challenge to the traditional copyright law, which has always The fast development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can generate text, images, music and other creative works has posed a large challenge to the traditional copyright law, which has always been based on the human authorship and intellectuality. This study analyzes the legal context of ownership rights, as applied to AI-generated creations, in India, European Union, and China on the basis of a comparative study. - [THE CONSTITUTION (130TH AMENDMENT) BILL, 2025: REMOVAL OF MINISTERS UPON DETENTION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/the-constitution-130th-amendment-bill-2025-removal-of-ministers-upon-detention/): THE CONSTITUTION (130TH AMENDMENT) BILL, 2025: REMOVAL OF MINISTERS UPON DETENTION Ajmal. A, LLM in International Law, 3rd Semester, Student of Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.27 The Constitution (130th Amendment) Bill, 2025 proposes a far-reaching constitutional intervention by mandating the removal of the Prime Minister, Chief Ministers, and other Ministers upon arrest The Constitution (130th Amendment) Bill, 2025 proposes a far-reaching constitutional intervention by mandating the removal of the Prime Minister, Chief Ministers, and other Ministers upon arrest and detention for thirty consecutive days in cases involving serious criminal offences. While the stated objective of the Bill is to address the long-standing concern of criminalisation of politics and to uphold probity in public life, the method adopted raises profound constitutional, democratic, and institutional concerns. - [TRACING THE RESIDUAL SHADOWS OF QUEER CRIMINALIZATION BEYOND SECTION 377](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/28/tracing-the-residual-shadows-of-queer-criminalization-beyond-section-377/): TRACING THE RESIDUAL SHADOWS OF QUEER CRIMINALIZATION BEYOND SECTION 377 Anupriya Kumari, ICSSR Doctoral Fellow, Department of Law & Governance, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.26 The judicial reading down and partial decriminalization of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code by the Supreme Court in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union The judicial reading down and partial decriminalization of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code by the Supreme Court in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018) 10 SCC 1 which confined the provision’s operation to non-consensual acts and acts involving minors has not precipitated the dismantling of queer criminalization; rather, it has facilitated its reconstitution through less visible, yet equally coercive, legal and institutional mechanisms. - [HUMAN RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT UNDER ICCPR: BALANCING STATE SOVEREIGNTY WITH GLOBAL ACCOUNTABILITY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/24/human-rights-enforcement-under-iccpr-balancing-state-sovereignty-with-global-accountability/): HUMAN RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT UNDER ICCPR: BALANCING STATE SOVEREIGNTY WITH GLOBAL ACCOUNTABILITY Adhishri Lawania, LLM student at DSNLU Vishakhapatnam (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.23 This paper explores how the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) balances the tension between state sovereignty and global accountability in enforcing human rights. The Human Rights Committee (HRC), which oversees This paper explores how the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) balances the tension between state sovereignty and global accountability in enforcing human rights. The Human Rights Committee (HRC), which oversees the Covenant, lacks binding powers and instead relies on state cooperation through periodic reports and individual communications under the First Optional Protocol (OP1). - [PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS, JUDICIAL REVIEW, AND LEGISLATIVE IMMUNITY LIMITS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/24/parliamentary-privileges-in-india-constitutional-limits-judicial-review-and-legislative-immunity-limits/): PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS, JUDICIAL REVIEW, AND LEGISLATIVE IMMUNITY LIMITS Mr. Aritra Saha, Student, SOA National Institute of Law-Faculty of Legal Studies, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.22 This paper explores the constitutional parameters of parliamentary privileges in India, their development and limitations focusing especially on Articles 105 This paper explores the constitutional parameters of parliamentary privileges in India, their development and limitations focusing especially on Articles 105 and 194 of the Constitution. The origins of these privileges go back to British tradition of parliamentary independence and were designed to protect the independence of legislature and prevent closed debate in Parliament. - [LAWS FOR PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/24/laws-for-protection-of-rights-of-women-in-india/): LAWS FOR PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN INDIA Syed Naiyla Hamdani, B.A. LLB., Vitasta school of law and humanities (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.21 “A woman with a voice is, by definition, a strong woman.” by Melinda Gates. The empowerment of women has become the magic of social justice and sustainable development. The Constitution and “A woman with a voice is, by definition, a strong woman.” by Melinda Gates. The empowerment of women has become the magic of social justice and sustainable development. The Constitution and statutory law in India together provide women protection against discrimination, exploitation and violence as well as assure them equality of opportunity. This paper will study the importance of the empowerment of women and how the legal systems have enhanced the growth of gender equality. - [FROM PROTECTION TO PROSECUTION: MAPPING INDIA’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THE JUDICIAL TRAJECTORY](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/from-protection-to-prosecution-mapping-indias-legal-framework-on-domestic-violence-against-women-and-the-judicial-trajectory/): FROM PROTECTION TO PROSECUTION: MAPPING INDIA’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THE JUDICIAL TRAJECTORY Jyotsna Singh, BA.LL.B (hons)/5th year/10th semester at Amity University Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Sarita Yadav, Assistant Professor at Amity University Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.19 This research examines the evolution, structure, and effectiveness of India’s legal framework This research examines the evolution, structure, and effectiveness of India’s legal framework addressing domestic violence against women, tracing its transformation from a primarily protective civil regime to an increasingly prosecution-oriented criminal justice response. Domestic violence remains a pervasive socio-legal problem, as evidenced by national survey data and crime statistics showing sustained prevalence and high reporting of cruelty within marital relationships. - [BEYOND CRIMINALISATION: MAPPING LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL GAPS IN INDIA’S RAPE LAWS AND EVALUATING REMEDIAL MECHANISMS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/beyond-criminalisation-mapping-legislative-and-institutional-gaps-in-indias-rape-laws-and-evaluating-remedial-mechanisms/): BEYOND CRIMINALISATION: MAPPING LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL GAPS IN INDIA’S RAPE LAWS AND EVALUATING REMEDIAL MECHANISMS Ilma Meraj Kidwai, 10th Semester Student, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), Amity Law School, Amity University, Lucknow (India) Dr. Srijan Mishra, Assistant Professor at Amity Law School, Amity University, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.20 Rape law in India stands at a critical Rape law in India stands at a critical crossroads: despite successive legislative reforms and enhanced penal consequences, the everyday experience of survivors continues to be shaped by delayed trials, modest conviction outcomes, and persistent institutional deficits in investigation, prosecution, and adjudication. This paper undertakes a doctrinal and socio-legal analysis of the evolving statutory architecture governing rape and allied sexual offences, with particular emphasis on the transition to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA). - [ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY ELECTION COMMISSION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEVELOPING NATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/issues-and-challenges-faced-by-election-commission-a-comparative-study-of-developing-nations/): ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY ELECTION COMMISSION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEVELOPING NATIONS Nishtha Singh, LL.M Student at Amity University Lucknow Campus (India) Dr. Taru Mishra, Assistant Professor at Amity University Lucknow Campus (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.18 Election commissions in developing nations work inside fragile democracies with deep social divides and uneven state capacity, so Election commissions in developing nations work inside fragile democracies with deep social divides and uneven state capacity, so pressure on electoral administration stays high. This paper studies how law, institutions and political practice shape the independence and credibility of these bodies. It takes India as the primary case and then compares it with other developing jurisdictions to see how different constitutional choices seek to secure free and fair elections. - [JOHNSON & JOHNSON V. PRITAMDAS ARORA T/A M/S MEDSERVE & ANR., 2025](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/johnson-johnson-v-pritamdas-arora-t-a-m-s-medserve-anr-2025/): JOHNSON & JOHNSON V. PRITAMDAS ARORA T/A M/S MEDSERVE & ANR., 2025 Drishti Banerjee, LL.M. in Intellectual Property Law and Management, WIPO-NLU DELHI-IPO (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.17 This case analysis examines the decision of the High Court of Delhi in Johnson & Johnson v. Pritamdas Arora t/a M/s Medserve & Anr., 2025, a significant ruling This case analysis examines the decision of the High Court of Delhi in Johnson & Johnson v. Pritamdas Arora t/a M/s Medserve & Anr., 2025, a significant ruling addressing large-scale counterfeiting of surgical medical devices. The dispute arose after counterfeiting hemostatic products bearing the registered trademarks ‘SURGICEL’ and ‘ETHICON’ were traced to an organised distribution network linked to the Defendants in New Delhi. - [INDIAN SCENARIO WITH AN OVERVIEW OF MRTP ACT, 1969](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/indian-scenario-with-an-overview-of-mrtp-act-1969/): INDIAN SCENARIO WITH AN OVERVIEW OF MRTP ACT, 1969 Divyansh Singh, L.L.M (CORPORATE LAW)1year, 2nd sem Student (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.16 The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 (MRTP Act) marked a watershed moment in India’s economic and regulatory history. Enacted in response to the growing concentration of economic power and monopolistic tendencies in The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 (MRTP Act) marked a watershed moment in India's economic and regulatory history. Enacted in response to the growing concentration of economic power and monopolistic tendencies in the post-independence Indian economy, the MRTP Act sought to prevent monopolies, regulate restrictive and unfair trade practices, and safeguard consumer interests in furtherance of the constitutional mandate under Article 39(b) and (c). - [CYBER SECURITY LAWS AND ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN PROTECTING PRIVACY RIGHTS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/cyber-security-laws-and-role-of-judiciary-in-protecting-privacy-rights-in-india/): CYBER SECURITY LAWS AND ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN PROTECTING PRIVACY RIGHTS IN INDIA Arpit Tripathi, LLM student at DSNLU Visakhapatnam (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.15 The rapid digitisation of India’s socio-economic framework has intensified concerns regarding cybersecurity and the protection of privacy rights. Recognised as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution, the right The rapid digitisation of India’s socio-economic framework has intensified concerns regarding cybersecurity and the protection of privacy rights. Recognised as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution, the right to privacy attained definitive constitutional status through the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India (2017). - [CRITIQUING THE ‘NOTICE AND CONSENT’ FRAMEWORK WITHIN INDIA’S DPDP ACT, 2023 AND CONSUMER PROTECTION REGIMES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/critiquing-the-notice-and-consent-framework-within-indias-dpdp-act-2023-and-consumer-protection-regimes/): CRITIQUING THE ‘NOTICE AND CONSENT’ FRAMEWORK WITHIN INDIA’S DPDP ACT, 2023 AND CONSUMER PROTECTION REGIMES Nitin Shukla, PhD Research Scholar, Faculty of Law University of Lucknow, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.14 The introduction of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) is a landmark in the digital jurisprudence in India that transformed the The introduction of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) is a landmark in the digital jurisprudence in India that transformed the country into a unified statutory framework, moving away from a disjointed regulatory framework of Information Technology Act, 2000, to a centralized one, based on the Notice and Consent approach. This research paper critically, in detail, and exhaustively critiques this framework, enshrined in the DPDP Act, Sections 5 and 6, by contrasting it with the parallel remedial framework of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, in Section 7, the so-called Legitimate Uses exception. - [CHILDREN'S RIGHTS AND PROTECTION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/childrens-rights-and-protection-in-india/): CHILDREN'S RIGHTS AND PROTECTION IN INDIA M. David Ziegan Paul, BA. LLB. (Hons), 3rdyear, Bharath institute of law, Chennai (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.13 This paper are Children’s rights and protection remain central concerns in India, where nearly one-third of the population consists of individuals under the age of 18. Safeguarding their rights is not only This paper are Children’s rights and protection remain central concerns in India, where nearly one-third of the population consists of individuals under the age of 18. Safeguarding their rights is not only a moral obligation but also a constitutional mandate, reinforced by international commitments such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), which India ratified in 1992. - [RECASTING CRIMINAL PROCEDURE UNDER THE BNSS: EFFICIENCY OR EROSION OF DUE PROCESS?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/recasting-criminal-procedure-under-the-bnss-efficiency-or-erosion-of-due-process/): RECASTING CRIMINAL PROCEDURE UNDER THE BNSS: EFFICIENCY OR EROSION OF DUE PROCESS? Prapti Rajeev, B.A.LL. B, 4th year, Christ Academy Institute of Law, Bengaluru (India) Srisha B.R., B.A.LL. B, 4th year, Christ Academy Institute of Law, Bengaluru (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.12 The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, is a significant shift in India’s criminal The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, is a significant shift in India's criminal procedure by replacing the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The BNSS, with the objective of providing efficiency, transparency, and speedy justice, brings with it digital procedures, rigid timelines, and increased powers of investigation. - [THE FUTURE OF LABOUR RIGHTS IN THE GIG ECONOMY: BEYOND CONTRACTUAL CLASSIFICATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/the-future-of-labour-rights-in-the-gig-economy-beyond-contractual-classification/): THE FUTURE OF LABOUR RIGHTS IN THE GIG ECONOMY: BEYOND CONTRACTUAL CLASSIFICATION K.Abitha, Pursuing LLM (BUSINESS LAW) at Government Law College, Coimbatore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.11 The Rapid rise of the Gig Economy has redefined the contours of labour relations, challenging traditional notions of employment, control, and protection under labour law. Gig Workers often engaged The Rapid rise of the Gig Economy has redefined the contours of labour relations, challenging traditional notions of employment, control, and protection under labour law. Gig Workers often engaged as “Independent Contractors,” occupy an ambiguous space between employee and entrepreneur, resulting in limited access to social security, minimum wages, and collective bargaining rights. - [‘ACTUS DEI NEMINI FACIT INJURIA’: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL IN TORT JURISPRUDENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/actus-dei-nemini-facit-injuria-a-critical-appraisal-in-tort-jurisprudence/): ‘ACTUS DEI NEMINI FACIT INJURIA’: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL IN TORT JURISPRUDENCE Vivek Danduboyina, 1st Year -Semester: I, Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.10 The maxim Actus Dei Nemini Facit Injuria, meaning “an act of God does injury to no one”, occupies a significant position in tort jurisprudence as a defence absolving liability The maxim Actus Dei Nemini Facit Injuria, meaning “an act of God does injury to no one”, occupies a significant position in tort jurisprudence as a defence absolving liability where harm is caused exclusively by extraordinary natural forces beyond human control. Rooted in Roman law and developed through English common law, the doctrine reflects the foundational principle that the law does not impose liability for events that human foresight and prudence cannot reasonably anticipate or prevent. - [THE FUTURE OF MINORITY RIGHTS IN BANGLADESH: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES IN THE POST-SHEIKH HASINA ERA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/18/the-future-of-minority-rights-in-bangladesh-prospects-and-challenges-in-the-post-sheikh-hasina-era/): THE FUTURE OF MINORITY RIGHTS IN BANGLADESH: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES IN THE POST-SHEIKH HASINA ERA Dr. Anil Kumar Dixit, Professor, Career College of Law, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.09 This research paper examines the future of minority rights in Bangladesh in the aftermath of Sheikh Hasina’s ouster from power on August 5, 2024, following unprecedented This research paper examines the future of minority rights in Bangladesh in the aftermath of Sheikh Hasina’s ouster from power on August 5, 2024, following unprecedented student-led protests. The study is framed in the context of a post-Sheikh Hasina era, where the turnover of political power is likely to bring new political and legal priorities. Specifically, the research seeks to provide an understanding of the challenges facing minority rights holders-Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, and Indigenous peoples-within this transitional moment. - [MISUSE OF STRATEGIC LAWSUITS AGAINST PUBLIC PARTICIPATION (SLAPP) IN INDIA: NEED FOR ANTI-SLAPP LEGISLATION](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/10/misuse-of-strategic-lawsuits/): MISUSE OF STRATEGIC LAWSUITS AGAINST PUBLIC PARTICIPATION (SLAPP) IN INDIA: NEED FOR ANTI-SLAPP LEGISLATION Rafiya Nazneen, LLM Corporate and Commercial Law, Christ Deemed to be University, Bangalore (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.01 Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) are becoming more recognized as a potent tool of legal harassment, as corporations, powerful people, and state officials Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) are becoming more recognized as a potent tool of legal harassment, as corporations, powerful people, and state officials are now using it to silence dissent and discourage legitimate public activism. SLAPPs can be characterized as a tool that is used to exert not only financial but also psychological pressures on activists, journalists, and civil society organizations, as opposed to being a legitimate legal complaint. - [ALGORITHMIC ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND THE FUTURE OF NEUTRALITY: CAN DIGITAL PLATFORMS REPLACE HUMAN ARBITRATORS?](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/11/algorithmic-online-dispute-resolution-and-the-future-of-neutrality-can-digital-platforms-replace-human-arbitrators/): ALGORITHMIC ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND THE FUTURE OF NEUTRALITY: CAN DIGITAL PLATFORMS REPLACE HUMAN ARBITRATORS? Kriti Agrawal, 8th Semester Student Pursuing BBA.LLB from Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.08 The increasing institutionalisation of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) reflects a structural transformation in contemporary systems of alternative dispute resolution. While early models The increasing institutionalisation of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) reflects a structural transformation in contemporary systems of alternative dispute resolution. While early models of ODR were largely confined to facilitating communication, document exchange, and procedural coordination, recent platforms increasingly deploy algorithmic systems capable of predicting dispute outcomes, recommending settlements, and, in limited contexts, autonomously resolving disputes. - [JUDICIAL REFERRAL TO ADR UNDER SECTION 89 OF THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908: DISCRETION, COMPULSION, AND CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/11/judicial-referral-to-adr-under-section-89-of-the-code-of-civil-procedure-1908-discretion-compulsion-and-constitutional-limits/): JUDICIAL REFERRAL TO ADR UNDER SECTION 89 OF THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908: DISCRETION, COMPULSION, AND CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS Aujlaan Hamid, LL.M Scholar from Kashmir University (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.07 Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 represents a legislative effort to institutionalize alternative dispute resolution (ADR) within the Indian civil justice system Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 represents a legislative effort to institutionalize alternative dispute resolution (ADR) within the Indian civil justice system as a response to mounting judicial pendency. Conceived as an enabling provision, Section 89 empowers courts to refer disputes to ADR mechanisms where elements of settlement appear to exist. However, its practical application has generated significant constitutional and procedural concerns, particularly regarding the erosion of judicial discretion, voluntariness of participation, and party autonomy. - [LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE: A DOCTRINAL AND POLICY ORIENTED STUDY OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN BANGLADESH](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/11/legal-foundations-of-revolutionary-change-a-doctrinal-and-policy-oriented-study-of-constitutional-and-institutional-transformation-in-bangladesh/): LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE: A DOCTRINAL AND POLICY ORIENTED STUDY OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN BANGLADESH Maksudur Rahman Alif, 4th semester student at Bangladesh Army International University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.06 The July Movement of 2024 in Bangladesh is not only an upheaval of the political nature, but also The July Movement of 2024 in Bangladesh is not only an upheaval of the political nature, but also a complete legal break that re-articulated the structure of constitutional power and institutional legitimacy. This article questioned the Movement as a revolutionary process in which legality, legitimacy, and popular sovereignty came to compete with each other in a manner that undermined authoritarian power bases. - [RULE-MAKING POWERS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES IN THE PHILIPPINES: A DOCTRINAL REASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEMPORARY REGULATORY STATE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/10/rule-making-powers-of-administrative-agencies-in-the-philippines-a-doctrinal-reassessment-in-the-contemporary-regulatory-state/): RULE-MAKING POWERS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES IN THE PHILIPPINES: A DOCTRINAL REASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEMPORARY REGULATORY STATE Darren Javier Gonzales, Associate Dean, John Wesley School of Law and Governance, Wesleyan University-Philippines Reena Clarisse Aviñante Carlos, Associate Professor, John Wesley School of Law and Governance, Wesleyan University-Philippines Lyndon John Santiago De Leon, Associate Professor, John Wesley School Administrative agencies occupy a central position in contemporary governance, exercising extensive rule-making authority that significantly shapes rights, obligations, and regulatory outcomes. In the Philippines, this authority derives from legislative delegation and is constitutionally constrained by the principle that legislative power is vested in Congress. - [A COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE OF TRANSGENDER EQUITY IN EDUCATION ACROSS CONTINENTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/10/a-comparative-jurisprudence-of-transgender-equity-in-education-across-continents/): A COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE OF TRANSGENDER EQUITY IN EDUCATION ACROSS CONTINENTS Ms. Anshika Vats, Research Scholar, School of Law, ITM University, Raipur (India) Dr. Shivli Shrivastava, Assistant Professor, School of Law, ITM University, Raipur (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.04 This article offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of legal frameworks governing gender-inclusive education, focusing on India, Argentina, the This article offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of legal frameworks governing gender-inclusive education, focusing on India, Argentina, the United States, Canada. It begins by examining India’s landmark NALSA v. Union of India (2014) judgment, which legally recognized transgender individuals as a “third gender” and affirmed their rights to education, and reservation benefits under Articles 14, 15, 16, 19, and 21 of the Constitution. - [THE COLLISION BETWEEN LAW AND POWER: SADDAM HUSSEIN AND THE IMPLEMENTATION DICHOTOMY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/10/the-collision-between-law-and-power-saddam-hussein-and-the-implementation-dichotomy-of-international-humanitarian-law/): THE COLLISION BETWEEN LAW AND POWER: SADDAM HUSSEIN AND THE IMPLEMENTATION DICHOTOMY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW Manish Majumder, BBA.LLB/4th Year/8th Semester Student at Department of law, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.03 Saddam Hussein’s case remains a milestone in today’s development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), alongside International Criminal Law. His Saddam Hussein's case remains a milestone in today's development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), alongside International Criminal Law. His political and military activities, from the Iraq-Iran war, persecuting the Kurds through the Anfal Campaign, up to annexing Kuwait, underlined the deficiency of international instruments designed to impede aggression by states and protecting civilians' lives. - [CARBON AT THE BORDER: THE EFFECT OF THE EU’S CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM ON INDIA’S EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/02/10/carbon-at-the-border-the-effect-of-the-eus-carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism-on-indias-export-competitiveness/): CARBON AT THE BORDER: THE EFFECT OF THE EU’S CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM ON INDIA’S EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS Chinju Kuruvilla, LLM- Corporate and Commercial Law Student, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka (India) Download Manuscript doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2026.v04.02 The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (henceforth referred to as CBAM), introduced as part of the European Green Deal is one The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (henceforth referred to as CBAM), introduced as part of the European Green Deal is one of the most ambitious attempts at combining trade and climate regulations. While the EU has implemented CBAM to prevent carbon leakage, its implication for developing economies like India has not only been legally contentious, but also of economic importance. - [RECONCEPTUALIZING THE LEGAL STATUS OF ANIMALS IN INDIA: FROM WELFARE TO RIGHTS-A CONSTITUTIONAL AND JUDICIAL ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO STREET DOGS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/31/reconceptualizing-the-legal-status-of-animals-in-india-from-welfare-to-rights-a-constitutional-and-judicial-analysis-with-special-reference-to-street-dogs/): RECONCEPTUALIZING THE LEGAL STATUS OF ANIMALS IN INDIA: FROM WELFARE TO RIGHTS-A CONSTITUTIONAL AND JUDICIAL ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO STREET DOGS Neha Singh Ranpuria, Research Scholar at Vikrant University Madhya Pradesh, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.228 The historical Indian legal regulation of animals The historical Indian legal regulation of animals has been based on a welfare-based model that considers animals as passive subjects of human sympathy and not as entities that possess their own legal rights. But current constitutional and judicial events suggest a slow but steady change towards treating animals with dignity, intrinsic worth and limited legal status as sentient beings. The paper critically reviews the changing legal status of animals in India by performing a historical analysis of how animal welfare approach has been replaced by an emerging approach of rights-based approach, with particular reference to a case of street dogs as a focal point of constitutional and judicial debates. - [DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: A SOCIO LEGAL PERSPECTIVE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/31/domestic-violence-against-women-a-socio-legal-perspective/): DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: A SOCIO LEGAL PERSPECTIVE Dr. Arun Shrivastava, Dean faculty of law Patliputra University, Director Bihar institute of law, (India) Dr. Farhat Jabeen, Assistant professor, professor Incharge in Bihar institute of law Patna, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.227 Domestic violence against Domestic violence against women is a widespread violation of human rights, illustrating the entrenched gender inequality and patriarchal frameworks within society. It includes various forms of abuse physical, psychological, sexual, emotional, and economic perpetuated in domestic settings, typically by intimate partners or family members. From a sociological viewpoint, domestic violence is perpetuated by cultural standards, power disparities, economic reliance, low literacy levels, and social stigmas that deter women from reporting such abuse. - [K.M. NANAVATI V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA: CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 195 OF 1960](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/31/k-m-nanavati-v-state-of-maharashtra-criminal-appeal-no-195-of-1960/): K.M. NANAVATI V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA: CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 195 OF 1960 Yashika, University institute of legal studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India) Yashdeep Kaur, University institute of legal studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.226 This analysis proposes a re-examination of the This analysis proposes a re-examination of the K. M. Nanavati case (AIR 1962 SC 605) which was based on the doctrine of the law, and it asks if the action of the accused in killing Prem Ahuja on April 27, 1959, with the Supreme Court delivering judgment on November 24, 1961, and asks whether the accused’s action could be properly mitigated from murder to homicide not amounting to murder. - [DIGITAL ASSETS AND THE LAW: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE WITH COMPARATIVE LESSONS FROM THE US AND UAE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/30/digital-assets-and-the-law-an-indian-perspective-with-comparative-lessons-from-the-us-and-uae/): DIGITAL ASSETS AND THE LAW: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE WITH COMPARATIVE LESSONS FROM THE US AND UAE Tassaduq Hussain, Fourth-Year, B.A.LL. B (Hons.) Student, School of Law, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.225 Digital assets have rapidly emerged as a defining Digital assets have rapidly emerged as a defining feature of the global financial ecosystem. Cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), all rooted in blockchain technology, are reshaping our understanding of value, ownership, and financial systems. In India, while adoption has surged, the regulatory and legal framework remains fragmented, reactive, and ambiguous. - [COMPETENCE-COMPETENCE IN COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION: ARBITRAL AUTONOMY AND JUDICIAL INTERVENTION IN CHINESE AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/30/competence-competence-in-commercial-arbitration-arbitral-autonomy-and-judicial-intervention-in-chinese-and-international-practice/): COMPETENCE-COMPETENCE IN COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION: ARBITRAL AUTONOMY AND JUDICIAL INTERVENTION IN CHINESE AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE Daila Alexis Yezoulayom, International Law LL.M Student at Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing China Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.224 The paper argues that the competence-competence principle has become a The paper argues that the competence-competence principle has become a structural cornerstone of commercial arbitration, yet its operation remains uneven across legal systems and between its positive and negative effects. It first traces the historical and doctrinal genealogy of competence-competence and its close relationship with separability, showing how continental European theory, the UNCITRAL Model Law, case law in the US and UK, and leading scholarship together construct a conceptual framework that empowers arbitral tribunals to rule on their own jurisdiction while postponing full judicial control. - [STRATEGIC POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING HYBRID WORK FORCE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/29/strategic-policy-framework-for-managing-hybrid-work-force-challenges-and-opportunities/): STRATEGIC POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING HYBRID WORK FORCE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Baibhab Datta, Student of Semester Seven, Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI), Hyderabad (TELENGANA), India Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.223 The post-pandemic evolution of work structure has given rapid evolution of the The post-pandemic evolution of work structure has given rapid evolution of the modern workplace, accelerated by digital transformation and the post-pandemic paradigm shift, which has given rise to the hybrid workforce, combining remote and in-office work arrangements to create flexible operational frameworks. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst, compelling organisations to adopt flexible models that surpass traditional office boundaries. - [THE CORPORATE VEIL IN REVERSE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND A CASE FOR CODIFIED REFORM IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/29/the-corporate-veil-in-reverse-a-comparative-analysis-and-a-case-for-codified-reform-in-india/): THE CORPORATE VEIL IN REVERSE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND A CASE FOR CODIFIED REFORM IN INDIA Gautam Bhatia, Associate at Status Quo Legal, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.222 The principle of separate corporate personality, a cornerstone of modern commerce, has long been protected by The principle of separate corporate personality, a cornerstone of modern commerce, has long been protected by a conceptual "veil" separating the entity from its members. While the traditional piercing of this veil to hold shareholders liable for corporate debts is a well-established, if inconsistently applied, doctrine, its corollary reverse piercing remains far more controversial. This doctrine, which holds a corporation liable for the debts of its controlling shareholders, presents a profound challenge to corporate law's foundational tenets of entity shielding and separate patrimony. - [CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON BUSINESS PRACTICES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/29/corporate-governance-reforms-and-their-impact-on-business-practices/): CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON BUSINESS PRACTICES Gunjan Madaan, LLM Student, School of Law, IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.221 This paper examines the evolution of corporate governance changes in India, their impact on business performance, and the implementation This paper examines the evolution of corporate governance changes in India, their impact on business performance, and the implementation challenges they pose. India's corporate governance reforms have reached a crossroads. Although the changes have noble intentions, it's important to seek holistic solutions that address India's unique difficulties. Corporate governance reforms have been implemented in recent years to increase openness and accountability in business activities, including stronger disclosure standards, board independence, and regulatory supervision. - [RECONCILING TRADE AND SDG 14: STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN TRADE COMMITMENTS AND THE WTO FISHERIES SUBSIDIES AGREEMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/28/reconciling-trade-and-sdg-14-striking-a-balance-between-trade-commitments-and-the-wto-fisheries-subsidies-agreement/): RECONCILING TRADE AND SDG 14: STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN TRADE COMMITMENTS AND THE WTO FISHERIES SUBSIDIES AGREEMENT Saptashwa Banerjee, BBA.LLB, 2nd Year, Semester 4, Student at Symbiosis Law School, Pune (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.220 The members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) came The members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) came to a historic agreement on fisheries subsidies during the 12th Ministerial Conference in June 2022. The purpose of this agreement is to make a contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals that have been established by the United Nations Security Council. - [AN ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/20/an-analysis-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-polluter-pays-principle-in-promoting-sustainable-development/): AN ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT S. Keerthana, B.COM LLB (hons) 4th year at Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, SOEL (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.219 The Polluter Pays Principle has become one of the important The Polluter Pays Principle has become one of the important elements in both domestic and International Environmental Governance. The Polluter Pays Principle was first referred to by the members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which defines the Polluter Pays Principle as 'allocating costs of pollution prevention and control measures' in 1972, and it was also referred to in principle 16 of the Rio Declaration of 1992. - [ROLE OF INDIAN JUDICIARY IN ELECTORAL REFORMS: THE PENDING CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/20/role-of-indian-judiciary-in-electoral-reforms-the-pending-chapter-in-the-history-of-india/): ROLE OF INDIAN JUDICIARY IN ELECTORAL REFORMS: THE PENDING CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF INDIA Dr. Bhavana Dhoundiyal, LLM (IPR), IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Ms. Babita Rawat, LLM (IPR), IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.218 A robust democracy requires more A robust democracy requires more than just regular elections; it must be fair, transparent, and institutionally credible. Money power, politicizing crime and finance are among the issues plaguing India’s election system. While there are constitutional provisions to ensure Parliament and Election Commission of India (ECI) to ensure free and fair elections, political inaction has left loopholes. - [PORN IN POCKET: “RAPE ON ROAD” A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATION AMONG MOBILE PHONES, PORNOGRAPHY, AND RAPE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/20/porn-in-pocket-rape-on-road-a-critical-analysis-of-the-relation-among-mobile-phones-pornography-and-rape/): PORN IN POCKET: “RAPE ON ROAD” A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATION AMONG MOBILE PHONES, PORNOGRAPHY, AND RAPE Vijay Jangra, M.A. (English), B.Ed., LL.B., PGDCBM, Independent Researcher Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.217 This study aims to help readers understand the relationship among mobile phones, pornography, This study aims to help readers understand the relationship among mobile phones, pornography, and rape with special reference to India. It seeks to analyze the social conditions in which we are living and the manner in which mobile phones are misused, sometimes leading individuals towards criminal behavior. India is not only the second most populous country in the world but also has one of the largest populations of mobile and internet users. The internet has contracted the world into a small village, and people increasingly depend upon it for a wide range of activities. - [VICTIMS OF ALGORITHMIC HARM IN INDIA’S WELFARE SYSTEM: ARTICLES 14 & 21 REMEDIES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/15/victims-of-algorithmic-harm-in-indias-welfare-system-articles-14-21-remedies/): VICTIMS OF ALGORITHMIC HARM IN INDIA’S WELFARE SYSTEM: ARTICLES 14 & 21 REMEDIES Wasif Rahman Khan, Research Scholar, Chanakya National Law University, Patna, Bihar, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.216 India’s welfare delivery increasingly relies on digital and automated systems for identification, eligibility verification, record India’s welfare delivery increasingly relies on digital and automated systems for identification, eligibility verification, record linkage, and benefit disbursal. While these tools promise efficiency, they can also cause wrongful exclusions at scale due to data mismatches, opaque backend processing, and automated classifications treated as final. - [PROTECTING DIGNITY IN CYBERSPACE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL RESPONSES TO DIGITAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/15/protecting-dignity-in-cyberspace-a-critical-analysis-of-judicial-responses-to-digital-sexual-exploitation-in-india/): PROTECTING DIGNITY IN CYBERSPACE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL RESPONSES TO DIGITAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION IN INDIA Ankit Yadav, Ph.D. (Law) - Research Scholar, University School of Law & Legal Studies (USLLS), Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), Delhi (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.215 The The advent of digital technologies has transformed communication and access to information, but it has also given rise to a disturbing increase in cyber-enabled crimes, disproportionately affecting women and children. Online sexual harassment, cyberbullying, image morphing, and the circulation of child sexual exploitative and abuse material (CSEAM) are becoming alarmingly widespread, often slipping through the cracks of traditional legal mechanisms. - [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO STREAMLINE LITIGATIONS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/15/artificial-intelligence-an-effective-way-to-streamline-litigations-in-india/): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO STREAMLINE LITIGATIONS IN INDIA Balaji N, PhD Scholar, Reva University, Bangalore (India) Dr. Nagaraja V, Professor, Reva University, Bangalore (India) Dr. Praneetha B S, Principal, Seshadripuram Law College, Bangalore (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.214 Artificial Intelligence has become Artificial Intelligence has become key tool in today’s technologically driven world. It may be science, technology, space, medicine, commerce or accounts AI has become indispensible. This technology has indeed reduced burden on many sectors and also streamlined the procedure and helps in uniform documentation. - [GENDER IDENTITY IN THE METAVERSE: LEGAL GAPS AND SOCIETAL BARRIERS IN VIRTUAL SPACES](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/15/gender-identity-in-the-metaverse-legal-gaps-and-societal-barriers-in-virtual-spaces/): GENDER IDENTITY IN THE METAVERSE: LEGAL GAPS AND SOCIETAL BARRIERS IN VIRTUAL SPACES Annie Sharon Lloyd, 4th Year BBA LLB student at Kristu Jayanti College of Law(India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.213 This article is a product of the intersection of digital sociology, law, ethics, This article is a product of the intersection of digital sociology, law, ethics, and gender studies and discusses gender identity in the metaverse with a focus on the current legal loopholes and social obstacles that disproportionately impact non-cisgender people. First, we explain how interaction and avatar technology builds identity expression on platforms such as ZEPETO and VRChat. Research indicates that sophisticated avatar customization and applications such as voice changers enable users to navigate and validate their gender identities offline. - [BEYOND WESTERN PARADIGMS: THE KAUTILYAN TEMPLATE FOR CONTEMPORARY INDIAN STRATEGIC STATECRAFT](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/11/beyond-western-paradigms-the-kautilyan-template-for-contemporary-indian-strategic-statecraft/): BEYOND WESTERN PARADIGMS: THE KAUTILYAN TEMPLATE FOR CONTEMPORARY INDIAN STRATEGIC STATECRAFT Siddaroodh Gururaj Ravi, BBA LLB, 1st year student at Symbiosis Law School (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.212 This study fills a critical gap in International Relations (IR) scholarship by empirically testing an ancient, - [FROM INDEPENDENCE TO ACCOUNTABILITY: REFORMING JUDICIAL APPOINTMENTS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/11/from-independence-to-accountability-reforming-judicial-appointments/): FROM INDEPENDENCE TO ACCOUNTABILITY: REFORMING JUDICIAL APPOINTMENTS Mayur Mahajan, B.B.A. LL.B.(H) 2nd Year, Jaipur National University, Jaipur (India) Labdhi Tervecha, B.B.A. LL.B.(H) 2nd Year, Jaipur National University, Jaipur (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.211 Judicial appointments represent a vital democratic mechanism, balancing judicial independence with Judicial appointments represent a vital democratic mechanism, balancing judicial independence with public duty and transparency. This paper examines appointment systems throughout a couple of jurisdictions, reading how democracies navigate tensions among protective judicial impartiality and making sure democratic legitimacy in selection methods. Through comparative constitutional analysis of govt appointments, legislative confirmations, judicial carrier commissions, and hybrid fashions, this study identifies key demanding situations: political interference, inadequate range, opaque selection criteria, and declining public believe in judicial institutions. - [GUARDING LIBERTY OR CHOKING DISSENT? PREVENTIVE DETENTION AND THE RIGHT TO PROTEST IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/11/guarding-liberty-or-choking-dissent-preventive-detention-and-the-right-to-protest-in-india/): GUARDING LIBERTY OR CHOKING DISSENT? PREVENTIVE DETENTION AND THE RIGHT TO PROTEST IN INDIA Maitra Varun Chotia, PhD Research Scholar, Central Sanskrit University, New Delhi (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.210 The strain between civil liberties and state security in India has become more acute The strain between civil liberties and state security in India has become more acute in the recent years, with the special preventive detention laws becoming more and more in conflict with the basic right to dissent. This paper looks into the way in which the preventive detention system in India, which is based on Article 22 of the Constitution and laws such as the National Security Act (NSA) and Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) have been applied to dissenters and whether this application is consistent with constitutional protections and international standards. - [BALANCING BARS AND BENEFITS: THE TWIN GOALS OF EXCLUSION AND EFFICIENCY UNDER SECTION 29A OF IBC 2016](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/11/balancing-bars-and-benefits-the-twin-goals-of-exclusion-and-efficiency-under-section-29a-of-ibc-2016/): BALANCING BARS AND BENEFITS: THE TWIN GOALS OF EXCLUSION AND EFFICIENCY UNDER SECTION 29A OF IBC 2016 Dev Shroff, 5th year, Student at Gujarat National Law University (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.209 The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“IBC”) was enacted as a transformative The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“IBC”) was enacted as a transformative legal framework aimed at consolidating and streamlining India’s insolvency and bankruptcy laws. Its primary objectives include ensuring timely resolution of stressed assets, safeguarding the interests of creditors and other stakeholders, and fostering a culture of credit discipline and efficient corporate governance. - [ENCOUNTER DERIVED BY PUBLIC SENTIMENTS: WHETHER PART OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/10/encounter-derived-by-public-sentiments-whether-part-of-criminal-justice-system/): The article talks about the complex relationship between the encounter or extra judicial killings by law enforcement agencies and relative public sentiments, exploring how encounter has been influenced by the popular opinion, being legitimatized and at times being challenged for its validity in the Indian Criminal Justice System. - [IS IT CHECK AND BALANCE OR CHECKS WITHOUT BALANCE: ANALYSING THE EROSION OF SEPARATION OF POWERS IN PRACTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/10/is-it-check-and-balance-or-checks-without-balance-analysing-the-erosion-of-separation-of-powers-in-practice/): This Article focuses on the key aspects of the theory of separation of power. Separation of power in its actual sense has been differed from what we see in practicality. This article gives an overview of how the separation of powers came as a theory of checks and balance and now it has overturned as the checks without balance. - [DOWRY IN INDIA BEYOND THE BNS, LEGAL PROHIBITIONS, SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE, AND THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN SUSTAINING A HISTORICAL EVIL](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/09/dowry-in-india-beyond-the-bns-legal-prohibitions-social-acceptance-and-the-role-of-media-in-sustaining-a-historical-evil/): Despite all the legal reforms, criminalization, and reforms in social and economic conditions, dowry remains a deeply rootedand complex socialissue in India.While the BNS hasrestructured criminal laws, the problem extends far beyond the legal framework. This paper investigates the history of dowry, the stress between social acceptance and legal prohibitions, and how dowry practices happen despite attempts to eliminate them. - [CONSTITUTIONAL FEDERALISM IN PERIL: CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL OF ARTICLE 356 AND S.R. BOMMAI IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/constitutional-federalism-in-peril-critical-reappraisal-of-article-356-and-s-r-bommai-in-contemporary-india/): CONSTITUTIONAL FEDERALISM IN PERIL: CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL OF ARTICLE 356 AND S.R. BOMMAI IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA Aadya Singh, 3rd year, B.A.LL. B (Hons.), Integrated Law Courses, Faculty of Law, University of Delhi (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.205 The constitutional provision of President’s Rule under Article The constitutional provision of President’s Rule under Article 356 empowers the president to assume control of a State in situations of constitutional breakdown. Historically this power has been one of the most misused instruments od the Indian Constitution, often deployed to dismiss state governments on political rather than constitutional grounds. The landmark judgment of S. R. Bommai v. Union of India sought to curb this misuse by making such proclamations subject to judicial review and thus limiting president’s discretion. - [A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE WAQF ACT, 1995 AND THE UMEED ACT, 1995 (WAQF AMENDMENT ACT, 2025)](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/a-comparative-study-of-the-waqf-act-1995-and-the-umeed-act-1995-waqf-amendment-act-2025/): A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE WAQF ACT, 1995 AND THE UMEED ACT, 1995 (WAQF AMENDMENT ACT, 2025) Diffia J P, Assistant Professor, Mugil College of Law, Kanniyakumari, Tamil Nadu (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.204 Waqf institutions in India have historically served as socio-religious pillars Waqf institutions in India have historically served as socio-religious pillars that support education, health care, and welfare services within the Muslim community. However, persistent governance failures under the Waqf Act, 1995 including inaccurate property documentation, encroachment, political interference, and weak accountability mechanisms have significantly undermined the developmental potential of waqf properties. - [RIGHT TO PRIVACY, A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT: A CASE STUDY ON JUSTICE K. S. PUTTASWAMY (RETD.) & ANR. V. UNION OF INDIA & ORS., 2017](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/right-to-privacy-a-fundamental-right-a-case-study-on-justice-k-s-puttaswamy-retd-anr-v-union-of-india-ors-2017/): #post_excerptRight to privacy is a complicated concept that has evolved over time and was affected by various factors. It is a multifaceted aspect which differs from person to person that seems to be easy but difficult to define. Right to privacy, in layman’s words, can be defined as the impalpable as well as physical right of any person to live freely from others’ interference or intrusion. The idea of privacy is a vague one having an intricate value. - [CLIMATE CHANGE AND NON-HUMAN VICTIMS – THE LEGAL VOID IN PROTECTING ANIMALS DURING ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/climate-change-and-non-human-victims-the-legal-void-in-protecting-animals-during-environmental-disasters/): CLIMATE CHANGE AND NON-HUMAN VICTIMS – THE LEGAL VOID IN PROTECTING ANIMALS DURING ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS Vikrant Madhurjya, Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Laws (B.Com LLB) Student at Department of Law, NEF Law College, Guwahati, Assam (India) Smriti Parashar, Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Laws (B.Com LLB) Student at Department of Law, NEF Law In the theatre of climate change, the loudest cries often belong to humans, while faint echoes of non-human suffering fade unheard into the background. Climate change, though universal in nature, often remains selectively compassionate in its remedies. Each environmental catastrophe, from flood to drought, or wildfire to cyclone, leaves behind the traces of non-human invisible victims: animals are left behind to starve, die, migrate, or perish without a single legal remedy or recognition provided to them. - [DIGITAL DEMOCRACY OR DIGITAL CENSORSHIP? AN ANALYSIS OF KARNATAKA’S DRAFT FAKE NEWS LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/digital-democracy-or-digital-censorship-an-analysis-of-karnatakas-draft-fake-news-law/): DIGITAL DEMOCRACY OR DIGITAL CENSORSHIP? AN ANALYSIS OF KARNATAKA’S DRAFT FAKE NEWS LAW Anushka Anand, B.A.LL. B (Hons), 9th Semester, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, India Yash Vardhan Singh, B.A.LL. B (Hons), 9th Semester, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, India Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.201 “Freedom of “Freedom of speech is the bulwark of democracy; it is the first condition of liberty.” — Justice Pralhad Balacharya Gajendragadkar, Former Chief Justice of India. The emergence of digital platforms has changed our relationship to communication, there is little to no distinction among the spaces of political propaganda, citizen expression, and journalism. - [CYBER LAW IN INDIA: LOOPHOLES, LEGISLATIVE BACKWARDNESS AND THE NEED FOR COMPREHENSIVE REFORM](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/cyber-law-in-india-loopholes-legislative-backwardness-and-the-need-for-comprehensive-reform/): CYBER LAW IN INDIA: LOOPHOLES, LEGISLATIVE BACKWARDNESS AND THE NEED FOR COMPREHENSIVE REFORM Subhash Kumar, LLB 2nd Year, Dayanand College of Law, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.200 India’s rapid digitalization, driven by initiatives like Digital India, Aadhaar-linked services, fintech expansion, and India’s rapid digitalization, driven by initiatives like Digital India, Aadhaar-linked services, fintech expansion, and pervasive social media use, has led to an exponential increase in cyber-dependent and cyber-enabled crimes. The National Crime Records Bureau reported 428,278 cybercrime cases in 2022, marking a 24.4% increase from 2021. - [THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING INTEGRATED CIRCUIT LAYOUT DESIGNS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/the-legal-framework-governing-integrated-circuit-layout-designs-in-india/): THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING INTEGRATED CIRCUIT LAYOUT DESIGNS IN INDIA Sulekha, National Law University Delhi (LL.M IPR) (India) Arya Verma, National Law University Delhi (LL.M IPR) (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.199 The​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌ SICLD Act 2000 has been a model of a specialized legal framework The​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌ SICLD Act 2000 has been a model of a specialized legal framework that India has established to meet its TRIPS obligations for the protection of the intellectual effort involved in the creation of chip topography. The Indian layout-design scheme is different from the US model which directs the protection towards products of marketed chips. The Indian scheme regards the layout-design as a separate entity. - [REIMAGING JUSTICE BEYOND THE COURTROOM: STRENGTHENING THE LANDSCAPE OF RURAL MEDIATION THROUGH TRANSFORMATIVE MODEL OF JSS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/reimaging-justice-beyond-the-courtroom-strengthening-the-landscape-of-rural-mediation-through-transformative-model-of-jss/): REIMAGING JUSTICE BEYOND THE COURTROOM: STRENGTHENING THE LANDSCAPE OF RURAL MEDIATION THROUGH TRANSFORMATIVE MODEL OF JSS Jaiverdhan Singh, 2nd Year, LLB(H), Student at Amity University, Noida (India) Astha Anupy, 2nd Year, LLB(H), Student at Amity University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.198 ADR which ADR which is relatively a new concept to our country’s legal diaspora, has always been existing in cultural nuances of India. The current Indian justice delivery system is in dire need of restitution, because India failed in providing easy access to courts and ensure speedy justice. The problems in its obvious manifestation have impacted the marginalized community the most. - [JUVENILE JUSTICE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: EXAMINING CONSENT, CAPACITY, AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY UNDER BNS‑2023 AND OTHER LAWS](https://lijdlr.com/2026/01/04/juvenile-justice-in-the-digital-age-examining-consent-capacity-and-criminal-responsibility-under-bns-2023-and-other-laws/): JUVENILE JUSTICE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: EXAMINING CONSENT, CAPACITY, AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY UNDER BNS‑2023 AND OTHER LAWS Rudra Pratap Singh, student, 3rd semester pursuing BALLB hons. at IILM university, Greater Noida (India) Adv. Paras Yadav, Advocate at Civil Court RDC Ghaziabad, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy The digital age has changed how young people interact, communicate, and get involved in possibly illegal activities. With the rise of social media, online gaming, and digital platforms, issues of consent, capacity, and criminal responsibility have become more complex. - [RIGHT TO SERVICE AND THE ROLE OF CONTROLLING AUTHORITIES EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEGAL MECHANISMS UNDER THE PAYMENT OF GRATUITY ACT, 1972](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/right-to-service-and-the-role-of-controlling-authorities-evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-legal-mechanisms-under-the-payment-of-gratuity-act-1972/): RIGHT TO SERVICE AND THE ROLE OF CONTROLLING AUTHORITIES EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEGAL MECHANISMS UNDER THE PAYMENT OF GRATUITY ACT, 1972 Bineesh P Chacko, M.Tech, MBA, LLM, Research Scholar, School of Indian legal Thought, M.G University Kottayam (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.196 The The Payment of Gratuity Act 1972 was legislated to safeguard the welfare and social security of employees across India. Its primary objective is to ensure the timely payment of gratuity to workers employed in various sectors such as factories, mines, oilfields, plantations, ports, Railway companies, shops, and other establishments. This Act establishes a framework for the obligatory provision of gratuity as a form of social security to employees upon retirement, reaching superannuation, experiencing physical incapacity, or enduring impairment of body parts. - [PERSONALITY RIGHTS: AN EMERGING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT OR A SHIELD AGAINST DEEPFAKES?](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/personality-rights-an-emerging-intellectual-property-right-or-a-shield-against-deepfakes/): PERSONALITY RIGHTS: AN EMERGING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT OR A SHIELD AGAINST DEEPFAKES? Manik Tindwani, Advocate, Rajasthan High Court (India) Vidhi Jangid, Student, University Five Year Law College, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India) Navya Paniyar, Student, University Five Year Law College, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Personality rights now sit at a very fragile intersection of privacy, dignity, and commercial value in digital India. Rapid growth of generative AI and deepfake tools makes identity itself a manipulable asset which travels across borders in seconds. Celebrities, influencers, and ordinary users all face the risk that their face, voice, or mannerisms may be cloned for endorsement, humour, or even fraud without consent. - [CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/challenges-and-solutions-for-copyright-infringement-in-the-digital-age/): CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE Dhananjaya C, 9th semester student pursuing B.B.A LL.B at KLE Law College, Bengaluru, Karnataka (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.194 This paper examines the adequacy of India’s copyright and intermediary liability framework in responding to This paper examines the adequacy of India’s copyright and intermediary liability framework in responding to the challenges posed by algorithmically driven digital platforms and the use of copyrighted material in artificial intelligence training datasets. The research problem arises from the growing disjunction between the reactive, notice-based regime under the Copyright Act, 1957 and the Information Technology Act, 2000, and the systemic realities of content curation, recommendation and large-scale machine learning. - [ECONOMIC OFFENCE ENFORCEMENT AND JUDICIAL OVERSIGHT IN INDIA: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF THE ENFORCEMENT DIRECTORATE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/economic-offence-enforcement-and-judicial-oversight-in-india-examining-the-role-of-the-enforcement-directorate/): ECONOMIC OFFENCE ENFORCEMENT AND JUDICIAL OVERSIGHT IN INDIA: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF THE ENFORCEMENT DIRECTORATE Dr. Sakshi, PhD from Central University of Haryana (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.193 The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has emerged as one of India’s most powerful financial crime investigation agencies, The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has emerged as one of India’s most powerful financial crime investigation agencies, especially under the framework of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA). While the ED’s mandate includes tackling sophisticated economic offences, its aggressive rise since 2014 has triggered serious debate regarding its operational transparency, constitutional legitimacy, and political neutrality. This paper examines whether the ED is fulfilling its intended role as a financial watchdog or functioning increasingly as a political weapon. - [THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY: NAVIGATING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS THROUGH THE LENS OF COPYRIGHT LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-fashion-industry-navigating-intellectual-property-rights-through-the-lens-of-copyright-law/): THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY: NAVIGATING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS THROUGH THE LENS OF COPYRIGHT LAW Trupti Agarkar, BA LLB (Symbiosis Law School), LLM in IPTL (Jindal Global Law School) (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.192 Every sector breathes and expands with Every sector breathes and expands with technology every day, including fashion. The fashion industry is constantly evolving and adopting new technologies, one of the most striking technologies is the Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI has multiple applications in fashion including assist in creating designs and patterns, predicting future trends, computing consumer data and improving service delivery. - [CASE ANALYSIS OF VIJAY A. MITTAL V. KULWANT RAI, CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5177 OF 2009](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/30/case-analysis-of-vijay-a-mittal-v-kulwant-rai-civil-appeal-no-5177-of-2009/): CASE ANALYSIS OF VIJAY A. MITTAL V. KULWANT RAI, CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5177 OF 2009 Tharun. R, Advocate (Criminal Law Practitioner), LL.M. (Criminal Law), 2024–2025, CMR University School of Legal Studies (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.191 The case of Vijay A. Mittal v. Kulwant The case of Vijay A. Mittal v. Kulwant Rai stands as a landmark precedent in Indian civil procedural and Hindu personal law. It centres on a dispute concerning the specific performance of a sale agreement dated June 12, 1979, involving joint Hindu family (JHF) property. The primary legal issues addressed by the Supreme Court were the binding nature of a sale agreement executed by the karta of a JHF, the procedural validity of a suit where not all legal heirs of a deceased party were formally impleaded under Order XXII Rule 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC), and the legal consequences of a subsequent collusive transfer made with knowledge of a prior agreement. - [DATA PROTECTION IN CYBERSPACE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF INDIA’S DPDP ACT, 2023 AND THE DPDP RULES, 2025 WITH THE EU GDPR](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/27/data-protection-in-cyberspace-a-comparative-legal-study-of-indias-dpdp-act-2023-and-the-dpdp-rules-2025-with-the-eu-gdpr/): DATA PROTECTION IN CYBERSPACE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF INDIA’S DPDP ACT, 2023 AND THE DPDP RULES, 2025 WITH THE EU GDPR Aaditya Gautam Balaji, LL.M. (Cyber Law and Cyber Security) student at SRM School of Law, SRMIST (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.190 The The rapid expansion of digital technologies has intensified concerns surrounding the collection, processing and cross-border movement of personal data, prompting jurisdictions to adopt comprehensive data protection frameworks. This paper undertakes a comparative cyber law analysis of India’s Digital Personal Data Protection regime, as operationalised through the DPDP Act, 2023 and DPDP Rules, 2025, with the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). - [FINANCIAL INVESTIGATIONS AND LEGAL STANDARDS FOR FREEZING AND DEFREEZING BANK ACCOUNTS IN INDIAN CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/23/financial-investigations-and-legal-standards-for-freezing-and-defreezing-bank-accounts-in-indian-criminal-jurisprudence/): FINANCIAL INVESTIGATIONS AND LEGAL STANDARDS FOR FREEZING AND DEFREEZING BANK ACCOUNTS IN INDIAN CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE Harsh Mahipal, Advocate, Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur (India) Manik Tindwani, Advocate, Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur (India). Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.189 Financial investigations now sit at core of criminal policing Financial investigations now sit at core of criminal policing in India. Police follow money trails because digital banking leave strong evidence traces. This approach helps detect fraud, laundering, and organised financial misconduct. It also shift focus from physical seizure to data based seizure. Section 102 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 supports this shift. Courts treat bank account as “property” under Section 102 CrPC. Police therefore can freeze account when facts create suspicion of offence. - [A REVIEW ON JUDICIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF UNIFORM CIVIL CODE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/23/a-review-on-judicial-and-legal-aspects-of-uniform-civil-code/): A REVIEW ON JUDICIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF UNIFORM CIVIL CODE Nandini Joshi, PHD Scholar, Maharaj Vinayak Global University Jaipur (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.188 Policy Directives are delineated in Part IV of the Constitution of India. Although these principles lack legal enforceability, they Policy Directives are delineated in Part IV of the Constitution of India. Although these principles lack legal enforceability, they are vital for the governance of the country. Article 44 of the Constitution mandates the state to implement a Uniform Civil Code as a guiding principle. The Supreme Court has issued several orders for its execution; nonetheless, the highly political environment of our nation has rendered it seemingly unattainable. - [STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN INNOVATION AND ACCESS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE FAIR DEALING PROVISIONS UNDER INDIAN COPYRIGHT LAW](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/striking-a-balance-between-innovation-and-access-an-analysis-of-the-fair-dealing-provisions-under-indian-copyright-law/): STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN INNOVATION AND ACCESS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE FAIR DEALING PROVISIONS UNDER INDIAN COPYRIGHT LAW Sohini Seal, BBA-LLB(H) 5th Year Student at Techno India University (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.187 Fair dealing operates as a statutory limitation on the exclusive rights Fair dealing operates as a statutory limitation on the exclusive rights of copyright holders, seeking to reconcile the protection of creative expression with the public’s right to access knowledge. In India, this balance is embodied in Section 52 of the Copyright Act, 1957, which adopts a closed-list approach by enumerating specific permissible purposes such as private use, research, education, criticism, review, and reporting of current events. - [A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF JOINDER OF NON-SIGNATORIES IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/a-critical-analysis-of-joinder-of-non-signatories-in-international-arbitration/): A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF JOINDER OF NON-SIGNATORIES IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION Apeksha Devaraju, Advocate at Cads Legal, Bengaluru (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.186 Arbitration has always been viewed as a preferable method of dispute resolution in cross-border trade, due to its effectiveness, privacy and enforceability. Arbitration has always been viewed as a preferable method of dispute resolution in cross-border trade, due to its effectiveness, privacy and enforceability. Yet, one issue that persists in arbitration law is the treatment of parties who are directly involved in the ‐underlying transaction, even if they are not signatories to the arbitration agreement. This paper is driven by the important question of whether it is legally legitimate and practically useful to permit such non-signatories to join in the arbitral process. - [ALGORITHMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT (AIA) AND THE FUTURE OF AI REGULATION IN BANGLADESH: CHALLENGES, GLOBAL MODELS, AND LEGAL REFORMS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/algorithmic-impact-assessment-aia-and-the-future-of-ai-regulation-in-bangladesh-challenges-global-models-and-legal-reforms/): ALGORITHMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT (AIA) AND THE FUTURE OF AI REGULATION IN BANGLADESH: CHALLENGES, GLOBAL MODELS, AND LEGAL REFORMS Nabiur Rahman zisan, Green university of Bangladesh, department of law 3rd year Student, (Bangladesh) Mobashir Akbar Khan, Student Department of Law Green University 3rd years ongoing, (Bangladesh) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA The application of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionised the healthcare sector, finances, and even the police, yet it also leads to numerous risks, including discrimination, breach of privacy, and biased judgment. Algorithmic Impact Assessment (AIA) is one of the tools that is used to manage these risks. AIA is an approach that contributes to assessing and reducing the possible damages of AI systems in advance and after their activation as well. This research paper delves into the issue of AIA in the regulatory setup of Bangladesh. - [MEDIA TRIAL & JUSTICE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/media-trial-justice-a-critical-analysis/): MEDIA TRIAL & JUSTICE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Sholanki Bhowmik, Assistant Professor of Law, Saroj International University, Lucknow (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.184 This study explores the growing phenomenon of media trials in India and its complex relationship with the justice system. Although the media This study explores the growing phenomenon of media trials in India and its complex relationship with the justice system. Although the media is often celebrated as the “fourth pillar of democracy,” its conduct in high-profile criminal cases has raised difficult questions about fairness, ethics, and the limits of press freedom. Over the years, news reporting has moved beyond its traditional role of informing the public and has, at times, taken the shape of parallel investigations that frame narratives long before courts begin their work. - [GAUTAM NAVLAKHA VS. NATIONAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY, CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 510 OF 2021](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/gautam-navlakha-vs-national-investigation-agency-criminal-appeal-no-510-of-2021/): GAUTAM NAVLAKHA VS. NATIONAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY, CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 510 OF 2021 Tharun R, Advocate (Criminal Law Practitioner) (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.183 A prominent case that has drawn a lot of attention and stirred a lot of controversy in India is Gautam Navlakha A prominent case that has drawn a lot of attention and stirred a lot of controversy in India is Gautam Navlakha v. NIA. It centres on the National Investigation Agency’s (NIA) detention of journalist and human rights activist Gautam Navlakha on suspicion of taking part in the Bhima Koregaon violence case. Questions about human rights, free expression, and the ability of the state to muzzle dissident voices have all been raised by this case. Concerns have also been expressed concerning the growing practise of designating activists as "urban naxals" and putting them at risk of prosecution under harsh laws like the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). The matter made it to the Supreme Court, which had to determine whether the petitioner’s 34 days of house arrest could be added to the 90 days needed to request default bail under Section 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). The ruling established multiple precedents, including a new level of police and court custody, and offered instructions for making Section 167 home arrest orders. - [PERSONAL LAWS VS. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS: THE ROLE OF JUDICIAL PROCESS IN ADVANCING GENDER JUSTICE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/22/personal-laws-vs-constitutional-rights-the-role-of-judicial-process-in-advancing-gender-justice/): PERSONAL LAWS VS. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS: THE ROLE OF JUDICIAL PROCESS IN ADVANCING GENDER JUSTICE Dhriti Kochhar, LL.M. (Criminology), IILM University, Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.182 Indian courts face a difficult challenge: how to balance religious personal laws with the Constitution’s promise of equality Indian courts face a difficult challenge: how to balance religious personal laws with the Constitution's promise of equality and justice for all citizens. This conflict is most visible in women's rights cases, where religious traditions often deny women equal treatment. Important cases like Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum (1985), Danial Latifi v. Union of India (2001), Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017), and ongoing cases like Sameena Begum v. Union of India on polygamy and nikah halala show how courts are trying to protect women's rights while respecting religious freedom. - [A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE SEBI ACT, 1992: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, CHALLENGES, AND EMERGING REFORMS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/19/a-comprehensive-study-of-the-sebi-act-1992-regulatory-framework-challenges-and-emerging-reforms/): A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE SEBI ACT, 1992: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, CHALLENGES, AND EMERGING REFORMS Radhika Kapoor, LLM Student at Amity Law School, Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.179 The Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 represents a pivotal moment in the evolution The Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 represents a pivotal moment in the evolution of India’s capital market regulation. Enacted in response to organized market failures, insider trading scandals, and investor exploitation, the Act established SEBI as a statutory regulatory authority assigned with legislative, executive, and quasi-judicial force. Over the past three decades, SEBI has transformed the securities market by introducing reforms focused on transparency, investor protection, efficient market operations, and corporate governance. - [ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM AND PILS IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/19/environmental-activism-and-pils-in-india/): ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM AND PILS IN INDIA T. JEBA VASANTH, BA.LLB(HONS) Student Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.181 In India’s ecological defines landscape, Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has become a game-changing legal tool that has radically changed the way environmental justice is sought and attained. PIL has In India's ecological defines landscape, Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has become a game-changing legal tool that has radically changed the way environmental justice is sought and attained. PIL has enabled individuals, groups, and environmental activists to directly petition the court on behalf of public issues since the 1980s, eschewing the conventional legal standing criteria that hitherto impeded environmental campaigning. Through historic cases like Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India, T.N. Goda Varman Thirumulpad v. Union of India, and M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case), the Indian judiciary especially the Supreme Court and High Courts has used PIL to broaden environmental jurisprudence. - [THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN PROMOTING GREEN TECHNOLOGIES](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/19/the-role-of-intellectual-property-rights-in-promoting-green-technologies/): THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN PROMOTING GREEN TECHNOLOGIES M. David Ziegan Paul, BA.,LLB., (Hons) Student at Bharath Institute of Law, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.180 Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges, requiring immediate Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges, requiring immediate and innovative solutions. In this context, green technologies those designed to reduce environmental harm and promote sustainability play a crucial role. The protection and promotion of these technologies largely depend on the legal framework of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). IPR not only safeguards the interests of inventors but also encourages innovation by granting exclusive rights, thereby stimulating research and development in eco-friendly technologies. This paper examines the vital relationship between IPR and environmental sustainability from a legal perspective. - [DIGITAL GOVERNANCE AND LEGAL RIGHTS: A STUDY UNDER CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/digital-governance-and-legal-rights-a-study-under-constitutional-jurisprudence/): DIGITAL GOVERNANCE AND LEGAL RIGHTS: A STUDY UNDER CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE Sairee Ghosh, 5 YR B.A. LL.B. (Calcutta University), LL.M. (Pursuing) (Vidyasagar University) (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.178 Waves of technical innovation in recent decades have greatly enhanced people’s quality of life. In the meantime, Waves of technical innovation in recent decades have greatly enhanced people's quality of life. In the meantime, complaints about technological inequities have grown, including unequal economic distribution and racial discrimination. Experts have warned that emerging technology, such as Artificial Intelligence, might have disastrous consequences, predicting that it could spark World War III. - [FROM PLEDGES TO PROSECUTION: THE ROLE OF CLIMATE LITIGATION IN ENFORCING NET-ZERO COMMITMENTS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/from-pledges-to-prosecution-the-role-of-climate-litigation-in-enforcing-net-zero-commitments/): FROM PLEDGES TO PROSECUTION: THE ROLE OF CLIMATE LITIGATION IN ENFORCING NET-ZERO COMMITMENTS Nitesh Kumar, Prof. at Vijaybhoomi University (School of Law), (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.177 Net-zero pledges have become the most important part of modern climate policy. This is because countries and Net-zero pledges have become the most important part of modern climate policy. This is because countries and businesses have agreed to cut or balance their greenhouse gas emissions by the middle of the century to meet the Paris Agreement's temperature objectives. But the lack of instruments that can be used to enforce the rules has created a big gap in accountability between goals and actions. In response, climate litigation has developed worldwide as an effective means of transforming political climate promises into binding legal obligations. - [OPACITY, EQUALITY, AND POLITICAL FINANCE: EVALUATING THE SUPREME COURT'S 2024 VERDICT ON ELECTORAL BONDS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/opacity-equality-and-political-finance-evaluating-the-supreme-courts-2024-verdict-on-electoral-bonds/): OPACITY, EQUALITY, AND POLITICAL FINANCE: EVALUATING THE SUPREME COURT'S 2024 VERDICT ON ELECTORAL BONDS Advocate Arundhati Thakur, LL.M (Corporate Law), IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Dr. Bhavana Dhoundiyal, Assistant Professor, IILM University, Greater Noida (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.176 This research critically explores the This research critically explores the Supreme Court of India’s landmark 2024 judgment that struck down the Electoral Bonds Scheme (EBS) along with the related amendments to the Representation of the People Act, the Companies Act, and the Income Tax Act. Adopting both doctrinal and comparative perspectives, the study engages with questions of transparency in political funding, constitutional rights, and the wider implications for safeguarding free and fair elections in India. - [CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND REHABILITATION METHODS IN GANDHIAN VIEWS ON THE PRISON SYSTEM](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/capital-punishment-and-rehabilitation-methods-in-gandhian-views-on-the-prison-system/): CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND REHABILITATION METHODS IN GANDHIAN VIEWS ON THE PRISON SYSTEM Dilsha.S, Research Scholar Department of Gandhian Thought and Peace Science, Gandhigram Rural Institute (DU), Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, (India) Dr.R.Mani, Professor and HoD Department of Gandhian Thought and Peace Science, Gandhigram Rural Institute (DU), Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × The relationship between the death penalty and rehabilitation in the Indian criminal justice system is examined in this study, with a particular emphasis on Gandhian ideas. Despite ongoing discussions on its morality and legality, India has maintained the death sentence for the "rarest of rare" cases over time. According to Amnesty International (2021), there is insufficient proof to conclude that the death penalty deters significant crimes, despite its intended deterrent effect. Meanwhile, rehabilitation has become a more constructive and humane option. - [TRAUMA-INFORMED POLICING IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASES: IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/trauma-informed-policing-in-child-sexual-abuse-cases-implementation-challenges-in-the-indian-context/): TRAUMA-INFORMED POLICING IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASES: IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT Aditya Gupta, Research Scholar, Department of Law, Research Center - Govt. State Level Law PG College, Bhopal (India) Prof. Dr. Roma Mukherjee, Professor, Department of Law, Research Center - Govt. State Level Law PG College, Bhopal (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper Child sexual abuse remains one of the most heinous crimes against vulnerable populations, with far-reaching psychological, social, and legal implications. In India, despite progressive legislative frameworks such as the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012, the investigation and prosecution of child sexual abuse cases face significant challenges rooted in traditional policing methods that often re-traumatize victims. - [IMPACT OF THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT ON LAW-ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/18/impact-of-the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-on-law-enforcement-investigations/): IMPACT OF THE DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT ON LAW-ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS Jyoti, LL. M. Student at School of Law, Bennett University, Greater Noida, U.P., (India) Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.173 India’s data privacy paradigm has been revitalised through the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 India’s data privacy paradigm has been revitalised through the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act), which demands vigorous protection of personal data and, at the same time, extends some important exemptions to the law enforcement agencies. One of the major reasons for this Act getting into place was the expected increase in cybercrimes in 2025, their types including ransomware attacks, encrypted terror communications, etc. - [TOWARDS A BALANCED MALPRACTICE SYSTEM: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF KEY NEGLIGENCE DOCTRINES IN MODERN MEDICAL LITIGATION](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/17/towards-a-balanced-malpractice-system-assessing-the-role-of-key-negligence-doctrines-in-modern-medical-litigation/): TOWARDS A BALANCED MALPRACTICE SYSTEM: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF KEY NEGLIGENCE DOCTRINES IN MODERN MEDICAL LITIGATION Nirmala K, The Tamil Nadu Dr Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law, Chennai (India). Download Manuscript Cite this Paper × Style: Harvard APA MLA Chicago OSCOLA Copy citation doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2025.v03.172 Medical malpractice litigation has undergone a significant transformation - [CYBERCRIME POLICING VS. CITIZEN RIGHTS: A STUDY ON BANK ACCOUNT FREEZING IN INDIA](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/16/cybercrime-policing-vs-citizen-rights-a-study-on-bank-account-freezing-in-india/): #post_excerptCybercrime has rapidly emerged as one of India’s most complex law enforcement challenges, fuelled by the explosive growth of digital payments and the increasing sophistication of online fraud. To prevent dissipation of suspected proceeds of crime, Cyber Cells frequently resort to freezing bank accounts under Section 102 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. However, my study reveals that such freezes are often imposed without adequate scrutiny, notice, or judicial oversight, resulting in significant procedural and constitutional concerns. - [PROPERTY MANAGEMENT VS. RELIGIOUS PRACTICE: ANALYSE CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES OF WAQF REGULATIONS](https://lijdlr.com/2025/12/16/property-management-vs-religious-practice-analyse-contemporary-challenges-of-waqf-regulations/): PROPERTY MANAGEMENT VS. 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