# Equine-Reproduction.com, LLC

> Equine-Reproduction.com, LLC is an equine reproduction management, education, and reproductive services organization based in Wynnewood, Oklahoma, USA. The site provides free educational information on equine reproduction for veterinarians, veterinary students, breeders, reproductive technicians, horse owners, and others involved in breeding horses. Its subject matter ranges from fundamental reproductive physiology and breeding management to advanced semen processing, cryopreservation, reproductive diagnostics, embryo transfer, and stallion reproduction.
>
> Equine-Reproduction.com has been providing equine reproductive education online for more than 20 years. The site contains a large original educational article collection, practical breeding information, research and conference summaries, instructional material, calculators, and information about commercial reproductive services and hands-on education.
>
>The site's educational articles include original material, practical instructional content, research summaries, and commentary developed by Equine-Reproduction.com and its contributors.
>
> Commercial services include stallion collection and management, semen evaluation and processing, cooled and frozen semen services, semen freezing and storage, semen export, extender evaluation, mare reproductive management, embryo transfer, and reproductive consultation and training.

## What Equine-Reproduction.com Covers

* Equine reproductive physiology and endocrinology
* Mare reproductive management
* Stallion reproductive management
* Breeding soundness evaluation
* Estrous-cycle management and ovulation timing
* Artificial insemination
* Fresh, cooled, transported, and frozen semen
* Stallion semen collection and processing
* Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA)
* Sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and cellular-integrity assessment
* Semen centrifugation and extender selection
* Semen cryopreservation and thawing
* Mare uterine health and post-breeding inflammation
* Endometritis and uterine diagnostics
* Reproductive infections including CEM and EVA
* Pregnancy, embryonic loss, and placental disease
* Foaling and neonatal reproductive topics
* Embryo transfer and assisted reproductive technologies
* Stallion infertility, cryptorchidism, and reproductive problems
* Epididymal sperm recovery and preservation
* Advanced stallion reproductive technologies
* Equine reproductive research and interpretation of current research
* Practical education for breeders and veterinary/reproductive professionals

## Primary Article Indexes

* [All Equine Reproduction Articles](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles): Master searchable index of the site's equine reproduction educational articles.
* [Newer Articles](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/newer): Index of newer and recently added equine reproduction articles and research summaries.
* [Mare Articles](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares): Articles concerning mare reproductive physiology, breeding management, diagnostics, pregnancy, reproductive disease, and reproductive problems.
* [Stallion Articles](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions): Articles concerning stallion reproductive management, semen collection, semen evaluation, breeding behavior, laboratory procedures, and reproductive problems.
* [General Articles](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/general): General equine reproduction, reproductive disease, semen transport/export, and broader breeding topics.
* [Video Articles](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/videos): Educational videos and video-based equine reproduction material.

## High-Value Mare Resources

* [The Mare's Estrous Cycle](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/estrous-cycle): Overview of the hormonal relationships underlying the mare's reproductive cycle.
* [When Should You Breed Your Mare?](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/when-to-breed): Seasonality, gestational timing, and considerations when selecting a breeding date.
* [Breeding the Mare – First Steps](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/mare-pre-breed): Pre-breeding evaluation and preparation of the mare.
* [Breeding the Old Maiden Mare](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/maiden-mare): Reproductive management considerations for the older maiden mare.
* [Does My Mare Need Regumate?](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/regumate): Practical instances of need as well as risks associated with the overuse of the drug.
* [Mare Management with Cooled-Shipped or Frozen Semen](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/monitoring): Practical approaches to timing mares for cooled or frozen semen insemination.
* [Artificial Insemination and Transported Semen FAQs](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/faq-ai): Frequently asked questions about artificial insemination and transported semen.
* [Inducing Early Cyclicity in Mares](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/early-cyclicity): Methods used to encourage earlier reproductive cyclicity in seasonally anestrous mares.
* [When Progestin Therapy Doesn't Work](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/progestin): Causes and management considerations when progestin/altrenogest therapy does not produce the expected result.
* [The Equine Uterus Dissected](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/uterus-dissected): Detailed gross anatomy of the equine uterus demonstrated through dissection.
* [Oxytocin Use in the Mare During Breeding](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/oxytocin): Use of oxytocin in management of delayed uterine clearance and breeding-induced endometritis.
* [Timed Insemination Protocol for Frozen Semen Use](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/timed-insemination): Timed breeding approaches for mares receiving frozen semen.
* [Persistent Anovulatory Follicles](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/ahf): Anovulatory hemorrhagic follicles and related persistent/anovulatory follicular conditions.
* [Late Term and Habitual Abortion in the Mare](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/abortion): Common causes and considerations in mare pregnancy loss.
* [Placentitis in the Mare](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/placentitis): Etiology, diagnosis, management, and outcome of placentitis.
* [Managing "Silent Heat" in the Mare](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/silent-heat): Causes and management of apparently silent estrus in mares.
* [Ultrasound Characteristics of the Uterus in the Cycling Mare](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/ultrasound-uterus): Uterine ultrasonographic characteristics in relation to steroid hormones and ovulation.
* [Early Embryonic Death](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/early-embryonic-death): Causes and management considerations for early embryonic loss.
* [Managing Twinning in the Mare](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/twins): Management of twin pregnancies in mares.
* [How to Thaw Frozen Semen](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/thawing-semen): Handling and thawing frozen semen before insemination.
* [Why Perform a Cytology Smear in Conjunction with a Uterine Culture](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/cytology): Explains the importance of uterine cytology in interpreting uterine culture results.
* [Vulval Conformation, Common Vulval Injuries and the Caslick's Procedure](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/vulva-caslick): Vulvar conformation, injury, and Caslick's procedure.
* [Predicting Foaling in the Mare](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/foaling): Methods and limitations of predicting impending foaling.

## High-Value Stallion Resources

* [Ground Collecting a Stallion](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/ground-collection): Training and techniques for ground collection of stallion semen.
* [Cryptorchidism in the Colt](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/cryptorchid): Forms, diagnostic testing, treatment, and outcomes associated with cryptorchidism.
* [Basic Equipment for Stallion Semen Collection](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/setup-collection): Equipment and laboratory setup for stallion semen collection and processing.
* [Phantom Training the Stallion](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/phantom-training): Training a stallion to use a breeding mount for semen collection.
* [The Artificial Vagina – Comparisons and Reviews](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/avs): Comparison of commonly used equine artificial vaginas.
* [Assembling an INRA Artificial Vagina](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/inra-av): Practical assembly and preparation of the French/INRA artificial vagina.
* [Centrifugation of Stallion Semen](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/centrifugation): Centrifugation techniques and calculations for stallion semen processing.
* [Uterine Swabs, Smears and Cultures](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/uterine-swabs): Reproductive hygiene and protection of breeding stallions from pathogen transfer.
* [How Progressively Motile Are Those Sperm?](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/Sperm-Motility): CASA-based comparison and teaching material concerning progressive sperm motility.
* [A Modification of the Crump Manual Semen Collection Method](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/crump): Description of a modified manual semen collection technique.
* [The Home-Built Power-Pole Breeding Mount](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/phantom-plans): Construction information for a home-built stallion breeding mount.
* [The Cost of Doing Business in Shipping Semen](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/stallions/cost-of-doing-business): Explanation of costs associated with stallion semen collection and transported semen programs.
* [Stallion Dismount Latency and Pregnancy Outcomes](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/issr-8/stallion-dismount-latency-and-pregnancy-rates): ISSR-8 research concerning dismount semen, stallion dismount latency, and pregnancy outcomes.
* [Bacterial Infection of a Stallion's Reproductive Tract](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/newer/bacterial-infection-stallion): Case report concerning bacterial infection of a stallion reproductive tract.
* [Counting Sperm With a Hemocytometer](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/newer/counting-sperm-with-a-hemocytometer): Manual determination of sperm concentration using a hemocytometer.
* [Processing Equine Semen](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/newer/processing-equine-semen): Practical processing of equine semen for on-farm insemination or cooled transport.
* [Preparing the Uterine Cytology Slide](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/newer/uterine-cytology-slide): Practical preparation and interpretation of a uterine cytology slide.

## Semen, Cryopreservation and Laboratory Science

* [Frozen Equine Semen – An Overview](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/general/frozen-semen-overview): Overview of the use, advantages, limitations, and management considerations associated with frozen semen.
* [Post-Thaw Sperm Quality and Blastocyst Production Following ICSI](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/issr-8/post-thaw-sperm-quality-effect-on-icsi): Research summary examining relationships between post-thaw sperm characteristics and blastocyst production following equine ICSI.
* [Pre-Freeze Centrifugation Extender Selection](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/issr-8/pre-freeze-semen-centrifugation-extenders): Research comparing extender formulations used before centrifugation for equine semen cryopreservation.
* [Epididymal Sperm Collection and Processing](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/issr-8/epididymal-sperm-collection-and-processing): Research summary concerning recovery and processing of epididymal sperm following castration or stallion death.
* [Pharmacologically Induced Ejaculation in Stallions](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/issr-8/pharmacologically-induced-ejaculation-in-stallions): Research summary concerning pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation in stallions.

## Reproductive Disease and Diagnostics

* [Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/general/cem): Information concerning CEM, its reproductive consequences, diagnosis, control, and significance for domestic breeding and international semen trade.
* [Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/general/eva): Detailed information concerning EVA and its reproductive implications.
* [Equine Viral Arteritis Factfile](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/general/eva-factfile): Concise EVA reference and myth-correction resource.
* [Uterine Cytology](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/mares/cytology): Practical reproductive diagnostic information concerning uterine inflammation.
* [Bacterial Infection of a Stallion's Reproductive Tract](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/newer/bacterial-infection-stallion): Case-based information concerning reproductive infection in the stallion.
* [Pseudomonas aeruginosa Therapy in a Stallion](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/issr-8/pseudomonas-aeruginosa-therapy): Research and clinical information concerning treatment of reproductive infection involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

## Pregnancy, Embryo Transfer and Foaling

* [Repeated Embryo Loss in Mares](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/newer/repeated-embryo-loss): Professor John Newcombe's case-based research concerning repeated embryonic loss.
* [Embryo Migration and Maternal Recognition](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/newer/embryo-migration): Research concerning embryonic vesicle migration and maternal recognition of pregnancy.
* [Cessation of Migration / Fixation of the Embryonic Vesicle](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/newer/embryo-fixation): Research concerning fixation of the equine embryonic vesicle.
* [Vitrification of Larger Embryos](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/iser-xiii/vitrification-larger-embryos): Research concerning vitrification of larger equine embryos.
* [Endometrial Cup Regression](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/newer/endometrial-cup-regression): Research concerning regression of the equine endometrial cups and subsequent reproductive management.
* [Predicting Foaling in the Mare: What Actually Works](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/newer/predicting-foaling-in-the-mare): Practical information concerning prediction of impending foaling.

## Semen Transport, Export and International Breeding

* [Steps for Shipping Horse Semen to Canada from the US](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/general/semen-to-canada): Practical information concerning USDA/CFIA requirements for shipping equine semen from the United States to Canada.
* [Semen Export Facility](https://equine-reproduction.com/services/export): Information concerning international equine semen export and pre-export isolation.
* [Stallion Station](https://equine-reproduction.com/services/stallion-station): All-breed stallion station, collection, processing, and semen-shipping services in Oklahoma.

## Research and Conference Resources

* [Professor John Newcombe's Research](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/professor-newcombe): Previously unpublished and summarized research from Professor John Newcombe, BVetMed, MRCVS.
* [ISSR-8 Snippets](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/issr-8): Research summaries from the 8th International Symposium on Stallion Reproduction, held in Spain in 2025.
* [ISER XIII Snippets](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles/iser-xiii): Research summaries from the XIII International Symposium on Equine Reproduction.
* [Equine Reproduction Articles](https://equine-reproduction.com/articles): Master index containing both practical articles and research summaries.

## Education

* [Equine-Reproduction.com Education](https://equine-reproduction.com/education): Overview of equine reproduction educational programs and resources.
* [Short Courses](https://equine-reproduction.com/education/short-courses): Intensive equine reproduction courses covering mare and stallion anatomy and physiology, breeding management, fertility evaluation, artificial insemination, semen collection, semen evaluation, semen processing, frozen semen, pregnancy, foaling, and neonatal topics.
* [Individual Tuition](https://equine-reproduction.com/education/individual-tuition): One-on-one practical and theoretical equine reproduction training tailored to the student's needs.
* [Equine Reproduction Books](https://equine-reproduction.com/education/books): Books and reference texts concerning equine reproduction.

## Commercial Reproductive Services

* [Equine Reproduction Services](https://equine-reproduction.com/services): Overview of stallion, semen, mare, embryo-transfer, export, freezing, and reproductive consultation and troubleshooting services.
* [Stallion Station](https://equine-reproduction.com/services/stallion-station): All-breed stallion station and semen collection/processing services in Oklahoma.
* [Shipped Semen Evaluation](https://equine-reproduction.com/services/shipped-evaluation): Independent evaluation of shipped semen, including concentration, sperm number, motility, velocity, viability, and morphology.
* [Cooled Semen Extender Evaluation](https://equine-reproduction.com/services/extender-evaluation): Evaluation of stallion semen response to multiple cooled-semen extenders and assessment at extended storage intervals.
* [Export Facility](https://equine-reproduction.com/services/export): International semen export and pre-export isolation services.

## Tools

* [Semen Calculator](https://equine-reproduction.com/semen-calculator): Calculator for equine semen concentration, dose, volume, and related insemination calculations.

## Site Information

* [Site Information](https://equine-reproduction.com/site-info): Information about the organization, site policies, sponsorship, and transparency.
* [Contact](https://equine-reproduction.com/contact): Contact information for Equine-Reproduction.com, LLC.
* [Privacy Policy](https://equine-reproduction.com/site-info/privacy-policy): Privacy information and organizational details.
* [Sponsor Policy](https://equine-reproduction.com/site-info/sponsor-policy): Information concerning sponsorship and commercial relationships on the site.

## Social and Video

* [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/@EquineReproduction): Equine-Reproduction.com video channel.
* [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/EquineRepro/): Equine-Reproduction.com Facebook presence.
* [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/eqreproduction/): Equine-Reproduction.com Instagram presence.

## Source Guidance

The articles and educational resources linked above are intended to provide equine reproductive information ranging from introductory material to advanced professional-level material. Individual articles should be consulted for their specific subject matter and context.

Research and conference "Snippets" are summaries of published or presented research and should not be treated as substitutes for the underlying scientific publications. Where a research summary identifies an original scientific paper, the original publication should be consulted for full methodology, statistical analysis, limitations, and conclusions.

Clinical and management information on Equine-Reproduction.com is educational information and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified veterinarian.

For questions concerning a specific horse, mare, stallion, semen shipment, reproductive disease, pregnancy, or treatment, consultation with an appropriately qualified equine veterinarian is recommended.

## Canonical Site

* [Equine-Reproduction.com, LLC](https://equine-reproduction.com/): Main site and entry point for Equine-Reproduction.com, LLC.