# Eco3min — Comprendre les marchés, lire les cycles

> Publication analytique macro-financière bilingue (français et anglais) : jeux de données reproductibles issus de sources primaires, études chiffrées, simulateurs interactifs et pages de référence sur les régimes macroéconomiques. Eco3min est un éditeur d'information financière non réglementé : les contenus sont descriptifs et analytiques, sans conseil en investissement ni recommandation personnalisée.

Eco3min publie 2890 pages indexables, réparties en deux versions linguistiques symétriques : le français à la racine du domaine (1352 pages), l'anglais sous le préfixe `/en/` (1538 pages). Chaque page dispose en général de son équivalent dans l'autre langue.

L'architecture éditoriale est hiérarchique et explicite :

- **Piliers** — pages de synthèse couvrant un domaine entier : politique monétaire, immobilier, matières premières, marchés actions, crypto-actifs, éducation financière.
- **Sous-piliers** — subdivisions thématiques rattachées à un pilier.
- **Jeux de données** — 225 séries temporelles téléchargeables en CSV, Excel et JSON, accompagnées de leur méthodologie, de leur code d'exemple en Python et R, et de leur découpage en régimes historiques. Les sources primaires sont FRED, la Banque centrale européenne, l'INSEE, la Banque de France, la Banque mondiale, la BRI, la Banco Central do Brasil, SEC EDGAR et les séries Shiller. Certaines séries sont des composites construits par Eco3min à partir de ces sources ; leur mode de construction est documenté sur la page correspondante.
- **Outils** — 43 simulateurs et explorateurs interactifs.
- **Études et articles majeurs** — analyses de fond, chacune tête d'un cluster thématique, regroupées ci-dessous par domaine.
- **Questions-réponses** — réponses courtes et sourcées à des questions précises.

Les chiffres publiés proviennent des sources primaires citées sur chaque page. Textes et analyses d'Eco3min : CC BY 4.0. Les données, fichiers et graphiques restent soumis aux conditions de leur producteur, indiquées sur chaque page ; Eco3min n'accorde aucune licence sur des données de tiers.

Snapshot du 2026-08-25.

## Sitemaps

- [Index des sitemaps XML](https://eco3min.fr/sitemap_index.xml): toutes les pages crawlables et indexables.
- [llms-full.txt](https://eco3min.fr/llms-full.txt): inventaire exhaustif de l'ensemble des pages, descriptions comprises.

## Français — Piliers

- [Actions et ETF : cycles, risques et mécanismes macroéconomiques](https://eco3min.fr/actions-et-etf/): Analyse macroéconomique des actions et des ETF : cycles de marché, risques structurels, flux, régimes monétaires et conditions de performance.
- [Comparatifs marchés, actifs et macro](https://eco3min.fr/comparatif/): Des comparatifs data-driven sur les marchés et la macro — actions ou obligations, value ou growth, Bitcoin ou or, taux fixe ou variable — et comment chacun se comporte selon les régimes.
- [Crypto-actifs : mécanismes, cycles et intégration macroéconomique](https://eco3min.fr/crypto-actifs-comprendre-enjeux-economiques-financiers-monetaires/): Analyse macroéconomique des crypto-actifs : mécanismes monétaires, cycles de liquidité, risques structurels et conditions de leur intégration au système financier.
- [Données économiques & datasets macro-financiers — Analyses Eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/donnees-analyses-macro-financieres/): Datasets macroéconomiques, graphiques et analyses : courbe des taux, dollar, crises financières et indicateurs globaux. Données prêtes à télécharger.
- [Idées reçues en économie et finance](https://eco3min.fr/idees-recues/): Un guide data-driven des idées reçues les plus fréquentes sur l'inflation, la Fed, les récessions, les obligations, la bourse, l'immobilier et la crypto.
- [Immobilier : cycles, taux et mécanismes macroéconomiques](https://eco3min.fr/immobilier-cycles-taux-economie/): Analyse macroéconomique de l’immobilier : cycles de crédit, taux réels, risques et conditions dans lesquelles il protège — ou fragilise — l’équilibre patrimonial.
- [Investir débutant : guide complet pour commencer (ETF, PEA, erreurs)](https://eco3min.fr/apprendre-investir/): Comment investir quand on débute ? ETF, PEA, erreurs à éviter, inflation : un guide clair pour commencer simplement et éviter les pièges.
- [Lectures Eco3min : cadres et erreurs de lecture macro-financière](https://eco3min.fr/lectures-eco3min/): Pages de référence Eco3min pour comprendre les cadres d’analyse macro-financière, les erreurs de lecture fréquentes et les mécanismes économiques structurants.
- [Macroéconomie & géopolitique : cycle, risques et régimes de marché](https://eco3min.fr/macroeconomie-geopolitique/): Où en sommes-nous dans le cycle ? Quelles forces structurelles pèsent sur les marchés ? Analyse indépendante de la conjoncture, de la géopolitique et des régimes macroéconomiques. Mis à jour mensuellement.
- [Marchés financiers : mécanismes, cycles et dynamiques macroéconomiques](https://eco3min.fr/marches-financiers/): Analyse macroéconomique des marchés financiers : mécanismes de prix, cycles économiques, flux de capitaux et conditions qui structurent les régimes de marché.
- [Matières premières : cycles, inflation et mécanismes macroéconomiques](https://eco3min.fr/matieres-premieres-economie-mondiale/): Analyse macroéconomique des matières premières : cycles réels, inflation, contraintes d’offre, géopolitique et conditions dans lesquelles elles structurent l’économie mondiale.
- [Outils d’analyse macroéconomique — cadres de lecture eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/outils-analyse-macroeconomique/): Trois outils d’analyse macroéconomique pour lire les cycles, diagnostiquer les régimes et éviter les indicateurs trompeurs. Cadres eco3min, sans prévision ni recommandation.
- [Politique monétaire & taux : mécanismes et cycles macroéconomiques](https://eco3min.fr/politique-monetaire-taux/): Analyse macroéconomique de la politique monétaire et des taux d’intérêt : mécanismes de transmission, cycles monétaires, effets sur l’économie et les marchés financiers.
- [Questions macroéconomiques — Réponses fondées sur les données](https://eco3min.fr/qr/): Des réponses claires et basées sur les données aux grandes questions macroéconomiques : inflation, taux d’intérêt, liquidité et cycles de marché.
- [Stratégies d’investissement : cycles, allocation et gestion du risque](https://eco3min.fr/strategies-dinvestissement/): Analyse macroéconomique des stratégies d’investissement : allocation d’actifs, gestion du risque, cycles économiques et conditions de robustesse des portefeuilles.
- [Éducation financière : comprendre et décider](https://eco3min.fr/page-education-financiere/): Argent, épargne, crédit, risques : les fondamentaux de l'éducation financière expliqués avec rigueur. Méthode, outils interactifs et arbitrages concrets.

## Français — Sous-piliers

- [Anatomie des placements financiers | Éducation financière](https://eco3min.fr/anatomie-des-placements/): Frais, performance passée, intérêts composés, structure des fonds : comprendre la mécanique interne des placements avant tout arbitrage. Analyse Eco3min.
- [Anticipations de marché : comment lire le VIX et le sentiment](https://eco3min.fr/dynamiques-marche-anticipations/): Comment lire les anticipations des marchés : VIX, indicateurs de sentiment, positionnement spéculatif. Identifier les phases sans signal exploitable et éviter les pièges.
- [Arbitrages Financiers du Quotidien : Budget, Crédit, Épargne et Cycle des Taux](https://eco3min.fr/arbitrages-quotidien/): Budget sous inflation, logement et cycle des taux, épargne vs liquidité, sécurité vs rendement : comment les dynamiques macro contraignent les arbitrages financiers du quotidien.
- [Banques centrales : décisions, communication et erreurs de cycle](https://eco3min.fr/banques-centrales-actions/): Comment les banques centrales prennent leurs décisions. Mandats, indépendance, communication monétaire et biais récurrents qui façonnent les cycles économiques.
- [Biais comportementaux : FOMO, aversion à la perte, excès de confiance](https://eco3min.fr/pieges-esprit-biais-comportementaux/): Biais de confirmation, FOMO, aversion à la perte, excès de confiance : identifier les erreurs psychologiques et construire une discipline d'investissement durable.
- [Bitcoin et cycles de liquidité : comprendre sa dynamique macroéconomique](https://eco3min.fr/bitcoin-actif-monetaire-cycles-liquidite/): Bitcoin se comporte moins comme une monnaie que comme un actif monétaire sensible aux cycles de liquidité, aux taux réels et aux décisions des banques centrales.
- [Choisir ses placements selon le cycle macro](https://eco3min.fr/choisir-placements-selon-cycle-macro/): Pourquoi le « meilleur » placement dépend du régime macro : la grille Eco3min pour comparer ETF, fonds et supports selon taux, inflation et liquidité.
- [Corrélations entre actifs | Actions, obligations, or | eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/dynamiques-marche-correlations/): Analyse des relations entre classes d'actifs : actions/obligations, or/taux réels, dollar/risque. Comprendre les ruptures de corrélation qui précèdent les crises.
- [Crisis Hub : les bascules de régime macro](https://eco3min.fr/bascules-de-regime/): Onze crises, de 1929 à 2022, lues comme des bascules de régime à travers les indicateurs Eco3min : ce que les séries montraient pendant la transition.
- [Cycle du crédit immobilier : comprendre les phases du marché | eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/cycle-credit/): Le crédit gouverne les prix immobiliers, pas la démographie. Expansion, euphorie, retournement, ajustement : décryptage des quatre phases du cycle immobilier.
- [Cycle Économique : Indicateurs Avancés et Phases du Cycle | eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/cycle-economique/): Expansion, ralentissement, récession, reprise : comment identifier la phase du cycle économique grâce aux indicateurs avancés (ISM, PMI, LEI) et anticiper les retournements de marché.
- [Cycles et anticipations des marchés actions](https://eco3min.fr/cycles-anticipations-marche/): Les marchés actions anticipent les cycles économiques bien avant les données visibles. Comprendre ce décalage structurel pour lire les marchés sans confusion.
- [Cycles et volatilité crypto : lire les phases de marché sans se tromper](https://eco3min.fr/cycles-volatilite-crypto-comprendre/): Les crypto-actifs suivent des cycles marqués par la liquidité, la psychologie et la volatilité. Comprendre ces phases évite les erreurs de lecture fréquentes.
- [Cycles économiques et allocation : rotation sectorielle, momentum](https://eco3min.fr/lire-cycle-ajuster-exposition/): Rotation sectorielle, allocation tactique, momentum, indicateurs cycliques : ajuster son exposition selon la phase du cycle sans prétendre chronométrer les marchés.
- [Dette mondiale : fragilités systémiques et risques invisibles](https://eco3min.fr/dette-fragilites-systemiques/): Dette publique, dette privée, shadow banking et crises monétaires : où se forment les fragilités systémiques du système financier.
- [Devises & Forex : mécanismes macroéconomiques et cycles de change](https://eco3min.fr/devises-forex-comprendre-les-marches-monetaires/): Analyse macroéconomique des devises et du Forex : mécanismes de formation des taux de change, cycles monétaires, risques structurels et dynamiques de long terme.
- [Dollar américain : monnaie de réserve et équilibre financier mondial](https://eco3min.fr/dollar-systeme-mondial/): Rôle du dollar dans les crises financières, les flux de capitaux et la politique monétaire mondiale. Pourquoi le billet vert reste central.
- [Démondialisation : Rivalité Sino-Américaine, Friendshoring et Commerce Mondial | eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/demondialisation/): Relocalisation, friendshoring, fragmentation en blocs : analyse des forces qui reconfigurent le commerce mondial et leurs impacts sur l'inflation, les chaînes de valeur et l'investissement.
- [Entreprises et secteurs : mécanismes, cycles et impacts macroéconomiques](https://eco3min.fr/entreprises-et-secteurs-dynamiques-economiques/): Analyse macroéconomique des entreprises et secteurs : cycles, marges, régulation et conditions dans lesquelles ils créent — ou détruisent — de la valeur réelle.
- [ETF et gestion indicielle : comprendre la révolution passive](https://eco3min.fr/revolution-passive-gestion-indicielle/): Comment les ETF et la gestion passive ont transformé les marchés actions. Flux indiciels, concentration, liquidité et risques structurels décryptés.
- [Ethereum et stablecoins : l’infrastructure financière de la crypto-finance](https://eco3min.fr/ethereum-stablecoins-infrastructure-decentralisee/): Ethereum fournit l’infrastructure programmable de la crypto-finance, tandis que les stablecoins assurent la liquidité et le lien avec le système monétaire mondial.
- [Flux de capitaux | ETF, rotations, rachats d'actions | eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/dynamiques-marche-flux-capitaux/): Les flux de capitaux déterminent les prix. Analyse des flux ETF, rachats d'actions, rotations sectorielles et liquidités en attente pour anticiper les mouvements de marché.
- [Fondements de l'allocation d'actifs : 60/40, All-Weather, Risk Parity](https://eco3min.fr/fondements-allocation-actifs/): Portefeuille 60/40, All-Weather, Risk Parity, allocation factorielle : comprendre les approches classiques, leurs hypothèses et leurs limites face aux changements de régime.
- [Gestion du risque de portefeuille : volatilité, corrélations, tail risk](https://eco3min.fr/gerer-risque-portefeuille/): Volatilité, corrélations, tail risk, levier, dimensionnement des positions : les dimensions essentielles de la gestion du risque pour préserver le capital en crise.
- [Géopolitique structurelle : cadre d’analyse macro](https://eco3min.fr/geopolitique-structurelle/): Comprendre comment la géopolitique devient une contrainte structurelle des cycles macroéconomiques, des marchés et des décisions économiques.
- [Géopolitique économique et fragmentation mondiale : comprendre la fin de la mondialisation](https://eco3min.fr/geopolitique-economique-fragmentation-mondiale/): Tensions géopolitiques, relocalisations, blocs économiques : comment la fragmentation mondiale transforme croissance, inflation et marchés.
- [Immobilier et inflation : protection réelle ou illusion ? | eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/inflation-protection/): L'immobilier protège-t-il vraiment de l'inflation ? Taux réels, indexation des loyers, resserrement monétaire : les conditions d'une protection effective.
- [Inflation : comprendre les vrais moteurs au-delà de l’IPC](https://eco3min.fr/inflation-au-dela-des-chiffres-mensuels/): L’inflation ne se résume pas à un chiffre mensuel. Régimes inflationnistes, salaires, énergie et politique monétaire décryptés.
- [Innovation financière : mécanismes, cycles et impacts macroéconomiques](https://eco3min.fr/innovation-financiere/): Analyse macroéconomique de l’innovation financière : mécanismes, risques, cycles et conditions dans lesquelles elle transforme durablement le système financier.
- [Liquidité financière : QE, QT et conditions financières des marchés](https://eco3min.fr/liquidite-conditions-financieres/): Pourquoi la liquidité explique souvent les mouvements de marché mieux que les fondamentaux. QE, QT, réserves bancaires et conditions financières globales.
- [Marchés des matières premières : cadre d'analyse, mécanismes et familles](https://eco3min.fr/formation-prix-mecanismes/): Vue d'ensemble du silo matières premières d'Eco3min : tension offre physique / demande financière, ancrage par le coût marginal, rôle des stocks, et spécificités des familles énergie, métaux et agricoles.
- [Marchés physiques des matières premières](https://eco3min.fr/geoeconomie-ressources/): Analyses de terrain des marchés physiques des matières premières : pétrole, gaz, cuivre, minerais critiques et signaux structurels d’offre.
- [Matières premières agricoles : cycles, climat, prix](https://eco3min.fr/matieres-premieres-agricoles/): Café, cacao, sucre, blé, maïs… Comment l'offre biologique, le climat et la concentration des producteurs façonnent les prix agricoles. Analyse Eco3min.
- [Matières premières et régime macroéconomique](https://eco3min.fr/cycles-transmission-macro/): Comment les matières premières signalent les changements de régime macroéconomique : cycles, transmission à l’inflation, croissance et géopolitique.
- [Microstructure des marchés | HFT, 0DTE, liquidité | eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/dynamiques-marche-microstructure/): Comment fonctionnent vraiment les marchés : carnets d'ordres, teneurs de marché, trading haute fréquence, flash crashes et options 0DTE. La plomberie invisible des prix.
- [Outils macro : lire le régime et le cycle économique](https://eco3min.fr/outils-macro/): Des outils interactifs pour situer le régime macro du moment, comparer des périodes et lire le cycle — descriptifs, sourcés, non prescriptifs.
- [Politique monétaire et résultats d'entreprises : les délais](https://eco3min.fr/transmission-monetaire-entreprises/): Comment un resserrement monétaire se transmet aux marges et aux résultats des entreprises. Délais, asymétries et grille de lecture. Analyse Eco3min.
- [Pourquoi les marchés montent et baissent — liquidité, taux, valorisations et cycles](https://eco3min.fr/pourquoi-marches-montent-baissent/): Explication claire des principaux moteurs des hausses et baisses de marchés : liquidité, bénéfices, taux, inflation, levier et événements externes. Guide pratique pour relier ces forces à vos décisions d'investissement.
- [Principes Financiers Structurants : Inflation, Taux, Risque et Marges de Sécurité](https://eco3min.fr/methode-principes-financiers/): Inflation réelle vs perçue, asymétrie des risques, robustesse vs performance, marges de sécurité : les principes financiers structurants pour raisonner en contexte macroéconomique réel.
- [Rendement locatif réel : calcul, fiscalité, frictions | eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/rendement-locatif/): Le rendement locatif brut masque 50 % d'érosion. Charges, vacance, fiscalité, financement : mesurer ce qui reste vraiment en poche.
- [Retour aux actionnaires : canaux, enjeux macro et controverses sur l'allocation du capital](https://eco3min.fr/retour-actionnaires/): Vue d'ensemble du sous-silo retour aux actionnaires : dividendes vs rachats comme canaux de restitution, rôle dans la demande nette du marché actions, controverses sur l'allocation du capital et différences culturelles…
- [Rotation sectorielle et thématiques : naviguer les cycles du marché](https://eco3min.fr/secteurs-thematiques/): Rotation sectorielle, arbitrage value/growth et thématiques d'investissement. Comment les cycles favorisent certains secteurs et les pièges à éviter.
- [Régulation crypto et risques structurels : ce que le marché sous-estime](https://eco3min.fr/regulation-risques-structurels-crypto/): Derrière l’innovation crypto se cachent des risques structurels : régulation, stabilité financière, centralisation invisible et fragilités systémiques.
- [Simulateurs financiers gratuits : épargne, budget, crédit, retraite](https://eco3min.fr/outils-financiers/): Intérêts composés, retraite, rendement réel, résilience financière, capacité d'endettement, arbitrage crédit/épargne. Simulateurs indépendants, analytiques. Aucun conseil, aucune inscription.
- [Taux hypothécaires et capacité d'achat immobilier | eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/taux-capacite-achat/): Comment les taux d'intérêt déterminent la capacité d'emprunt et les prix immobiliers. Taux d'usure, ratio d'effort, délai de transmission : analyse complète.
- [Tensions financières | Spreads, stress, liquidité | eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/dynamiques-marche-tensions-cachees/): Indicateurs de stress systémique : spreads de crédit, TED spread, tensions dollar, marché repo. Identifier les fragilités avant qu'elles ne deviennent des crises.
- [Valorisations actions et bénéfices : comprendre les moteurs du marché](https://eco3min.fr/valorisations-dynamique-profits/): P/E, taux réels, marges et révisions de bénéfices : les mécanismes qui déterminent la valorisation des actions et anticipent les retournements.
- [Énergie & matières premières : contraintes physiques et géopolitiques](https://eco3min.fr/energie-matieres-premieres/): Comment l’énergie et les matières premières imposent des limites physiques à la croissance, à l’inflation et aux équilibres géopolitiques.

## Français — Jeux de données

- [Régime macroéconomique américain en cours, tableau de bord](https://eco3min.fr/regime-aujourdhui/): Régime macro des États-Unis recalculé chaque jour par le classificateur Eco3min à seuils publiés : croissance (CFNAI-MA3), inflation sous-jacente (Trimmed Mean PCE sur 12 mois), conditions financières (NFCI), valeur et date de chaque intrant, changements depuis le mois précédent, frise mensuelle depuis 1978.
- [regime_current.json : régime macro américain en cours, format JSON](https://eco3min.fr/wp-content/uploads/eco3min-data/regime_current.json): Fichier lu par le tableau de bord : régime, états des trois axes, valeurs et dates des intrants, horodatage du calcul (computed_at). Libellés et états Eco3min en CC BY 4.0 ; valeurs des intrants soumises aux conditions de leurs producteurs (FRED « citation required » pour le CFNAI, le NFCI et la Trimmed Mean PCE).
- [regime_lookup.json : historique mensuel du régime macro américain depuis 1978, format JSON](https://eco3min.fr/wp-content/uploads/eco3min-data/regime_lookup.json): Fichier de l'outil « régime macro à une date » et de la frise historique : régime, états et valeurs des trois axes pour chaque mois depuis janvier 1978 (données révisées), avec un contexte de marché daté : inflation, taux directeur et taux à 10 ans aux États-Unis et en France, rendement total du marché actions américain sur 12 mois et jusqu'au dernier mois publié, tiré du facteur marché Fama/French (Kenneth R. French Data Library, aucun niveau d'indice), indice OCDE des cours des actions françaises. Libellés et états Eco3min en CC BY 4.0 ; valeurs des intrants soumises aux conditions de leurs producteurs (FRED « citation required » pour les séries de la Fed de Chicago, de la Fed de Dallas et de l'OCDE ; Kenneth R. French Data Library : attribution, aucune licence accordée).
- [Méthodologie de la classification du régime macro](https://eco3min.fr/methodologie-classification-regime-macro/): Seuils, axes et couches du classificateur Eco3min ; ce qui est calculé en direct et ce qui ne l'est pas.
- [Courbe de Friggit (1965–2025) – Dataset Prix Immobilier / Revenu France](https://eco3min.fr/courbe-de-friggit-prix-immobilier-revenu-menages-dataset/): Téléchargez le dataset de la courbe de Friggit (1965–2025). Ratio prix immobilier/revenu des ménages en France, CSV et Excel, mis à jour avec les données INSEE
- [Données BCE — Datasets Macro Zone Euro (CSV)](https://eco3min.fr/donnees-macro-bce/): Téléchargez les datasets macro de la zone euro (BCE, Eurostat). CSV propres, sans API, mis à jour automatiquement : taux, inflation, liquidité, crédit.
- [Free cash flow des Big Tech : données trimestrielles](https://eco3min.fr/free-cash-flow-big-tech-donnees-trimestrielles/): Free cash flow des Big Tech : flux de trésorerie opérationnel moins capex pour AAPL, MSFT, GOOGL, AMZN, META, NVDA. Composite Eco3min, source SEC. CSV téléchargeable.
- [Greedflation : ce que disent les données sur les marges](https://eco3min.fr/greedflation-donnees-marges-entreprises/): Thèse greedflation testée : décomposition FMI zone euro, analyse Fed Kansas City, concentration sectorielle et pourquoi 2021-2023 est plus nuancé que le débat politique.
- [Indicateurs macro-financiers : apprendre à lire les données de marché](https://eco3min.fr/indicateurs-macro-financiers-apprendre-a-lire-les-donnees/): Taux réels, courbe des taux, spreads de crédit, VIX, liquidité nette : guide pratique pour interpréter les indicateurs qui précèdent les mouvements de marché.
- [Indice de référence des loyers (IRL) depuis 2002](https://eco3min.fr/indice-reference-loyers-irl-dataset/): Indice de référence des loyers IRL trimestriel depuis 2002 : l'indice INSEE qui encadre la révision des loyers, historique complet. CSV, Excel et JSON.
- [Indice des prix à la consommation France depuis 1990](https://eco3min.fr/indice-prix-consommation-france-dataset/): Indice des prix à la consommation INSEE, mensuel depuis 1990 : série nationale chaînée entre les bases en une série continue. CSV, Excel, JSON, Python et R.
- [Indice prix logements anciens : données depuis 1996](https://eco3min.fr/indice-prix-logements-anciens-france-dataset/): Indice des prix des logements anciens Notaires-INSEE, trimestriel depuis 1996 : série chaînée et rebasée. Téléchargement CSV, Excel, JSON, Python et R.
- [Indice réel de référence des loyers depuis 2002](https://eco3min.fr/indice-reel-reference-loyers-dataset/): Indice réel de référence des loyers trimestriel depuis 2002 : l'IRL légal déflaté par l'IPC INSEE. Composite Eco3min. CSV, Excel, Python et R.
- [Indice réel des prix des logements anciens depuis 1996](https://eco3min.fr/indice-reel-prix-logements-anciens-dataset/): Indice réel des prix des logements anciens, trimestriel depuis 1996 : prix Notaires-INSEE déflatés par l'IPC. Composite Eco3min. CSV, Excel et JSON.
- [Inflation et actions : 100 ans de rendements réels](https://eco3min.fr/inflation-actions-100-ans-donnees/): Ce que 100 ans de données disent des rendements actions sous inflation : évidence empirique Fama-Schwert, illusion Modigliani-Cohn, expérience des années 1970.
- [Patrimoine américain par génération (1989–2026, Fed)](https://eco3min.fr/part-du-patrimoine-americain-par-generation/): Les baby-boomers détiennent 51,6 % du patrimoine des ménages US et les Millennials 11 % (2026, données Fed). Les moins de 40 ans : 6,6 %, contre 12 % en 1989.
- [PIB France en volume : données trimestrielles depuis 1949](https://eco3min.fr/pib-france-volume-dataset/): PIB France en volume trimestriel depuis 1949 : volumes chaînés INSEE, corrigés des variations saisonnières, 310 observations. CSV, Excel et JSON.
- [Prime de taux des PME françaises depuis 2003](https://eco3min.fr/prime-taux-pme-france-dataset/): Prime de taux des PME : taux des petits crédits aux entreprises moins celui des grands. Composite Eco3min mensuel depuis 2003, négatif 32 mois. CSV et Excel.
- [SMIC horaire brut : historique mensuel depuis 1951](https://eco3min.fr/smic-horaire-brut-historique-dataset/): SMIC horaire brut mensuel depuis 1951 : la série INSEE complète, 908 observations couvrant le SMIG et le SMIC. CSV, Excel, JSON, Python et R.
- [SMIC réel : données mensuelles déflatées depuis 1990](https://eco3min.fr/smic-reel-dataset/): SMIC réel mensuel depuis 1990 : le SMIC horaire déflaté par l'indice des prix INSEE. Composite Eco3min. CSV, Excel, JSON, Python et R.
- [Spread bancaire français : données mensuelles depuis 2014](https://eco3min.fr/spread-bancaire-francais-dataset/): Spread bancaire français : taux des crédits immobiliers nouveaux moins OAT 10 ans. Composite Eco3min mensuel depuis 2014. CSV, Excel, Python et R.
- [Taux d'inflation France : données mensuelles depuis 1991](https://eco3min.fr/taux-inflation-france-dataset/): Taux d'inflation France mensuel depuis 1991 : glissement annuel de l'IPC INSEE, dérivé d'une série de niveau chaînée. CSV, Excel, JSON, Python et R.
- [Taux de chômage France : données trimestrielles depuis 1975](https://eco3min.fr/taux-chomage-france-dataset/): Taux de chômage France trimestriel depuis 1975 : la série INSEE au sens du BIT, corrigée des variations saisonnières, 205 observations. CSV et Excel.
- [Taux des crédits aux entreprises France depuis 2003](https://eco3min.fr/taux-credit-entreprises-france-dataset/): Taux des crédits aux entreprises France mensuel depuis 2003 : taux MIR Banque de France des crédits nouveaux aux sociétés non financières. CSV et Excel.
- [Taux des crédits immobiliers France depuis 2014](https://eco3min.fr/taux-credit-immobilier-france-dataset/): Taux des crédits immobiliers France mensuel depuis 2014 : taux MIR Banque de France des crédits nouveaux à taux fixe, effectivement contracté. CSV et Excel.
- [Trading algorithmique : données abondantes, marchés instables](https://eco3min.fr/trading-algorithmique-donnees-volatilite/): Malgré plus de données, le trading algorithmique peut renforcer la volatilité par des boucles de réaction synchronisées.
- [Âge au premier mariage aux États-Unis depuis 1890 (Census)](https://eco3min.fr/age-au-premier-mariage-etats-unis-1890-2025/): L'âge médian au premier mariage aux États-Unis depuis 1890, données du Census : hommes à un record de 30,8 ans, femmes à 28,4, alors que le plancher

## Français — Outils interactifs

- [Calcul intérêt composé : formule + simulateur gratuit](https://eco3min.fr/calculateur-interets-compose/): Découvrez la formule des intérêts composés, un exemple détaillé et un simulateur pour estimer l'évolution de votre capital dans le temps.
- [Calculateur d'épargne mensuelle : simulez votre effort par mois](https://eco3min.fr/calculateur-depargne-mensuelle-objectif/): Combien épargner chaque mois pour atteindre votre objectif ? Formule, exemples chiffrés et simulateur gratuit avec intérêts composés.
- [Calendrier BCE : réunions et prochaine décision de taux](https://eco3min.fr/calendrier-bce/): Les huit réunions de politique monétaire de la BCE, heure de Paris, avec les réunions à projections signalées et le décompte des jours jusqu'à la
- [Calendrier Fed 2026 : dates du FOMC et prochaine réunion](https://eco3min.fr/calendrier-fed/): Les huit réunions du FOMC en 2026 : dates, heure de Paris (20h00), prochaine décision de taux et compte à rebours.
- [Calendrier macro : Fed, BCE, inflation et emploi américains](https://eco3min.fr/calendrier-macro/): Réunions de la Fed et de la BCE, publications d'inflation et rapports sur l'emploi américains, heures converties en heure de Paris, avec le compte à
- [Capacité d’endettement : évaluer la soutenabilité d’un crédit](https://eco3min.fr/capacite-endettement-reste-a-vivre-simulateur/): Simulateur de capacité d’endettement basé sur le reste à vivre et la structure budgétaire. Évaluez la soutenabilité d’un crédit sans recommandation ni projection optimiste.
- [Chronologie des crises macro-financières (1929-2022)](https://eco3min.fr/chronologie-crises-financieres/): Onze crises financières majeures (1929-2022) classées par leur régime macro de destination. Frise interactive ; chaque épisode renvoie à son analyse.
- [Comment citer Eco3min — BibTeX, APA, Chicago, Markdown](https://eco3min.fr/comment-citer-eco3min/): Guide de citation pour les datasets, études et analyses Eco3min : formats BibTeX, APA, Chicago et Markdown. Textes sous CC BY 4.0, données selon leur source.
- [Comparateur de régimes macro : deux moments côte à côte](https://eco3min.fr/comparateur-de-regimes-macro/): Comparez deux mois historiques : indicateurs macro… et régime classifié de chacun, côte à côte.
- [Diagnostic du cycle macroéconomique | Cadre eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/diagnostic-du-cycle-macro-cadre-danalyse-eco3min/): Cadre d’analyse eco3min pour situer un régime macroéconomique sans prédiction ni timing. Lecture qualitative des transitions et fragilités structurelles.
- [Gestion de budget personnel : structurer ses finances](https://eco3min.fr/gestion-budget-personnel/): Un outil pédagogique pour structurer revenus et dépenses, visualiser les marges de sécurité et comprendre son budget sans conseil ni automatisme.
- [Glossaire macro-financier Eco3min : définitions de référence](https://eco3min.fr/glossaire/): Les définitions de référence des indicateurs, ratios et concepts macro-financiers utilisés sur Eco3min. Chaque terme renvoie à sa page de données
- [Heatmap : performance des actifs par régime macro](https://eco3min.fr/performance-actifs-par-regime-macro/): Performance mensuelle médiane des actions, obligations, or et énergie par régime macroéconomique. Heatmap interactive et descriptive.
- [Indicateurs économiques trompeurs : cadre d’analyse | eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/indicateur-economique-trompeur/): Certains indicateurs économiques rassurants peuvent masquer des déséquilibres structurels. Cadre d’analyse eco3min pour éviter les erreurs de lecture.
- [La courbe des taux du Trésor US se déforme dans le temps](https://eco3min.fr/courbe-des-taux-tresor-us-dans-le-temps/): Faites défiler quatre décennies de courbe des taux du Trésor américain et regardez sa forme se déformer année après année, des inversions aux
- [Lecture du cycle de taux d’intérêt | Cadre d’analyse eco3min](https://eco3min.fr/lecture-cycle-taux/): Comprendre le cycle de taux d’intérêt au-delà du niveau des taux. Une grille de lecture structurelle basée sur la variation, la durée et les délais.
- [Rembourser un crédit ou épargner ? Simulateur d’arbitrage](https://eco3min.fr/arbitrage-credit-ou-epargne-simulateur/): Simulateur comparant remboursement de crédit et épargne selon taux, inflation et horizon. Un cadre analytique pour éclairer l’arbitrage, pas une réponse universelle.
- [Rendement réel : calcul après inflation + simulateur gratuit](https://eco3min.fr/simulateur-rendement-reel-apres-inflation/): Calculez le vrai rendement de vos placements après inflation grâce à la formule de Fisher. Exemples, tableau comparatif et simulateur.
- [Risque de taux : mesurer la sensibilité de son patrimoine](https://eco3min.fr/sensibilite-risque-taux-simulateur/): Simulateur de sensibilité au risque de taux. Analysez l’impact d’une variation des taux sur crédit, épargne et patrimoine, sans hypothèse de marché implicite.
- [Simulateur charge carburant : quelle part de votre revenu ?](https://eco3min.fr/simulateur-charge-carburant-budget/): Calculez la part de votre budget carburant dans votre revenu selon votre kilométrage et le prix à la pompe, et sa sensibilité à un choc de prix. Outil gratuit.
- [Simulateur de résilience financière | Mesurer sa marge de manœuvre](https://eco3min.fr/simulateur-resilience-financiere/): Évaluez la solidité de votre structure financière face à l’inflation, aux taux élevés et aux chocs de revenus. Un outil pédagogique pour mesurer votre marge de manœuvre.
- [Simulateur pour vivre de ses rentes – Capital nécessaire](https://eco3min.fr/capital-vivre-de-ses-rentes-simulateur/): Simulateur pour vivre de ses rentes gratuit pour estimer le capital nécessaire selon vos dépenses, un rendement prudent et une marge de sécurité. Outil pédagogique.

## Français — Articles de fondation

- [Crack jet : la marge de raffinage oubliée du 3-2-1](https://eco3min.fr/kerosene-crack-jet-marge-oubliee/): Le crack jet, absent du 3-2-1, est la seule marge de raffinage adossée au transport aérien : norme sous 20 $/baril, record de 57 $ attendu en 2026 (IATA).
- [Diesel vs essence : des marges qui divergent](https://eco3min.fr/diesel-essence-marges-raffinage-divergentes/): Diesel et essence partagent le brut mais pas la saison ni la clientele. Corr 0,79, mais en 2022 le crack distillat a atteint 109 $ contre 34,5 pour l'essence.
- [Le crack 3-2-1 expliqué : la formule](https://eco3min.fr/crack-3-2-1-raffinage-explication/): Le crack spread 3-2-1, c'est la marge brute de raffinage en une formule : (2 essence + distillat) x 14 moins le WTI. Convention, calcul et limites, expliques.
- [Raffineurs purs vs majors intégrées : exposition au crack](https://eco3min.fr/raffineurs-purs-vs-majors-integrees-exposition/): Le raffineur pur est exposé en direct à la marge de raffinage ; la major intégrée l'amortit par son amont. Mécanisme et observation 2020–2024 à l'appui.
- [Taux d'utilisation des raffineries : comment lire la série](https://eco3min.fr/taux-utilisation-raffineries-comment-lire/): Utilisation des raffineries américaines : 89,7 % de moyenne depuis 1990. Pourquoi 90 % vaut plein, comment la maintenance rythme la série, lire les extrêmes.

## Français — Parcours débutant

- [Combien investir par mois ?](https://eco3min.fr/combien-investir-par-mois/): La question que tout le monde pose — et la variable qui compte vraiment. Ce n'est pas le montant qui détermine votre résultat, c'est la durée, le régime et les coûts.
- [Comment investir débutant : méthode simple + erreurs à éviter](https://eco3min.fr/comment-investir-debutant/): Débuter en investissement sans se tromper : épargne, DCA, diversification. La méthode simple pour faire ses premiers pas en Bourse.
- [ETF débutant : investir en Bourse facilement (guide simple + exemples)](https://eco3min.fr/etf-debutant/): Qu’est-ce qu’un ETF et comment investir avec ? Guide simple pour débutant : diversification, frais, fonctionnement et exemples concrets.
- [Inflation et investissement : ce que l'inaction coûte vraiment](https://eco3min.fr/inflation-et-investissement/): L'inflation est la force la plus puissante et la plus mal comprise de la finance personnelle. Elle détermine si votre épargne vous enrichit ou vous appauvrit — sans que le chiffre sur votre compte change.
- [Les erreurs d'investissement qui coûtent le plus cher aux débutants](https://eco3min.fr/erreurs-investisseur-debutant/): Pas « vendre trop tôt » ou « ne pas diversifier ». Les erreurs structurelles — celles qui viennent d'une mauvaise lecture du contexte économique. Guide Eco3min.
- [PEA ou CTO : comparatif complet + fiscalité (quelle choisir ?)](https://eco3min.fr/pea-vs-cto/): PEA ou CTO : quelle différence ? Fiscalité, avantages, limites. Le guide clair pour choisir la meilleure enveloppe selon votre profil.
- [Rendement réel vs rendement nominal : la distinction essentielle — Eco3mime](https://eco3min.fr/rendement-reel-vs-nominal/): Un rendement de 2 % peut être une perte. Un rendement de 8 % peut être médiocre. Tout dépend de l'inflation. La distinction la plus importante en finance personnelle, expliquée par Eco3min.

## Français — Études de cas

- [Golden age du raffinage 2022–2023 : anatomie chiffrée](https://eco3min.fr/golden-age-raffinage-2022-2023-anatomie/): En 2022, le crack 3-2-1 américain a atteint 41 $/bbl, 3,4 fois sa norme depuis 1986. Anatomie du golden age du raffinage et de la décrue restée haute.
- [IMO 2020 : le choc reglementaire des spreads produits](https://eco3min.fr/imo-2020-choc-reglementaire-spreads-produits/): Le plafond soufre IMO 2020 (0,5 % vs 3,5 %) a propulse le spread VLSFO-HSFO a un record le 3 janvier 2020, avant que le COVID ne brouille l'effet mesurable.

## Français — Études et articles majeurs

### Actions et ETF

- [CAPE Shiller : référence valorisation actions long terme](https://eco3min.fr/cape-shiller-pe-cyclically-adjusted-valorisation-actions-long-terme/)
- [Comment choisir son courtier en bourse : grille 2026](https://eco3min.fr/comment-choisir-son-courtier-bourse/)
- [Comment choisir son ETF en 2026 : la grille complète](https://eco3min.fr/comment-choisir-son-etf/)
- [Dispersion des performances actions : le vrai signal de fin de cycle](https://eco3min.fr/dispersion-performances-actions-marche-selectif/)
- [Dividendes et rachats d’actions : le vrai rendement des actions](https://eco3min.fr/dividendes-rachats-actions-rendement-actionnarial/)
- [Indicateur Buffett : capitalisation boursière / PIB (dès 1947)](https://eco3min.fr/indicateur-buffett-capitalisation-boursiere-pib-dataset/)
- [Liquidité des ETF : comment le régime de taux élevés fragilise les marchés](https://eco3min.fr/regime-taux-eleves-fragilisation-liquidite-etf/)
- [Liquidité des ETF : le maillon fragile quand le marché se grippe](https://eco3min.fr/liquidite-des-etf-risque-cache-quand-les-marches-decrochent/)
- [Liquidité des ETF : pourquoi elle paraît continue même quand les marchés ne le sont pas](https://eco3min.fr/liquidite-etf-continuite-illusoire-marches-sous-jacents/)
- [Meilleur ETF 2026 : ce que les données permettent de dire](https://eco3min.fr/meilleur-etf/)
- [Part des États-Unis dans la bourse mondiale](https://eco3min.fr/part-des-etats-unis-bourse-mondiale-historique/)
- [Pourquoi la performance des indices dépend de moins en moins des entreprises](https://eco3min.fr/performance-indices-moins-dependante-entreprises/)
- [Pourquoi les marchés actions divergent de l’économie réelle](https://eco3min.fr/marches-actions-economie-reelle-divergence/)
- [Quand les ETF deviennent le principal lieu de formation des prix](https://eco3min.fr/etf-formation-des-prix-liquidite/)
- [Révisions de bénéfices : comprendre les réactions boursières](https://eco3min.fr/revisions-de-benefices-reactions-boursieres/)
- [Stabilité des indices : quand la performance globale masque le risque réel](https://eco3min.fr/revisions-benefices-faux-signal-stabilite-indices/)
- [Surprises de résultats : signal clé d’un changement de régime financier](https://eco3min.fr/surprises-resultats-changement-regime-financier/)
- [Surprises de résultats et dispersion des performances : le signal d’un marché sélectif](https://eco3min.fr/surprises-resultats-dispersion-performances-marche/)
- [Taux d’intérêt réels US vs ratio CAPE — Dataset historique (1963–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/taux-interet-reels-vs-cape-ratio-dataset/)

### Apprendre à investir

- [Comment investir en bourse en 2026 : le circuit](https://eco3min.fr/comment-investir-en-bourse/)
- [Investir maintenant ou attendre : ce que montre l’histoire](https://eco3min.fr/investir-maintenant-ou-attendre/)
- [Meilleur placement pour un enfant : le panorama 2026](https://eco3min.fr/meilleur-placement-pour-un-enfant/)

### Bases de données macro-financières & séries économiques historiques

- [(DGS30-ZC) — Téléchargement CSV quotidien (Rendement US 30 ans & indice zéro-coupon)](https://eco3min.fr/taux-30-ans-us-risque-duration/)

### Crypto-actifs

- [Bitcoin : pourquoi sa volatilité baisse (2011-2026)](https://eco3min.fr/regulation-stabilisation-implicite-crypto-actifs/)
- [Crypto-actifs : mécanismes macro-financiers et cycles de liquidité](https://eco3min.fr/crypto-actifs-cycles-liquidite-taux-integration-institutionnelle/)
- [Cycles crypto : l’amplitude expliquée par la mécanique](https://eco3min.fr/cycles-volatilite-crypto-mecanique-liquidite-levier/)
- [Stablecoins, T-bills et plomberie dollar invisible](https://eco3min.fr/stablecoins-acheteurs-bons-tresor-plomberie-dollar/)

### Immobilier

- [Capacité d’emprunt immobilière : la mécanique des taux](https://eco3min.fr/capacite-emprunt-immobiliere-france-mecanique-taux/)
- [Cycle du crédit immobilier : le vrai moteur des prix](https://eco3min.fr/cycle-du-credit-immobilier-moteur-prix-immobilier/)
- [Cycle du crédit immobilier : pourquoi les prix masquent le vrai cycle du marché](https://eco3min.fr/cycle-credit-immobilier-vrai-cycle-marche/)
- [Rendement locatif réel : du brut au net-net](https://eco3min.fr/rendement-locatif-rentabilite-reelle/)
- [Taux vs prix immobiliers : qu’est-ce qui pèse le plus sur l’accessibilité ?](https://eco3min.fr/taux-vs-prix-abordabilite-logement-etats-unis/)

### Macroéconomie et géopolitique

- [Capex IA Big Tech 2025–26 vs Apollo, Marshall, Manhattan](https://eco3min.fr/capex-ia-big-tech-vs-investissements-historiques/)
- [Chaque deuxième vague d'inflation américaine depuis 1948](https://eco3min.fr/deuxieme-vague-inflation-etats-unis/)
- [Choc Covid 2020 : la crise lue par les indicateurs](https://eco3min.fr/choc-covid-2020/)
- [Choc Volcker de 1979 : la désinflation forcée](https://eco3min.fr/choc-volcker-1979/)
- [Chocs WTI et inflation core US : 5 épisodes depuis 1986](https://eco3min.fr/chocs-wti-amplifient-inflation-existante/)
- [Cinq règles de détection de récession testées (1948–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/cinq-regles-detection-recession-testees/)
- [Courbe 5Y/10Y des breakevens d'inflation US (2003-2026)](https://eco3min.fr/structure-terme-breakeven-inflation-us/)
- [Crise asiatique 1997 : manque de dollars hors des États-Unis](https://eco3min.fr/crise-asiatique-1997/)
- [Crise de la zone euro (2010-2012) : la pénurie de dollar](https://eco3min.fr/crise-zone-euro-2010/)
- [Crise des gilts 2022 : régime inflationniste, fracture LDI](https://eco3min.fr/crise-gilts-2022/)
- [Crise russe et LTCM (1998), lue par les indicateurs](https://eco3min.fr/crise-russe-ltcm-1998/)
- [Dollar US S1 2025 : 4ᵉ pire premier semestre depuis 1973](https://eco3min.fr/pires-premiers-semestres-dollar-us-1973-2025/)
- [Décennies perdues du Japon (1989) : récession de bilan](https://eco3min.fr/decennies-perdues-japon-1989/)
- [Déficits américains au-dessus de 5% du PIB en plein emploi](https://eco3min.fr/deficit-americain-plein-emploi/)
- [Désinflation US : le rebond 2024-26 face à 5 cycles depuis 1948 · focus : cycles de désinflation](https://eco3min.fr/episodes-reacceleration-inflation-us-1948-2026/)
- [Fragmentation géopolitique et marchés financiers : le risque structurel](https://eco3min.fr/fragmentation-geopolitique-et-marches-financiers-risque-structurel/)
- [Inflation : le guide analytique complet](https://eco3min.fr/inflation-guide-complet/)
- [Intérêts de la dette américaine contre défense depuis 1947](https://eco3min.fr/interets-dette-vs-depenses-defense-etats-unis/)
- [Krach de 1929 et Grande Dépression : la bascule de régime](https://eco3min.fr/krach-1929-grande-depression/)
- [Krach Internet 2000 : la bascule de régime macro](https://eco3min.fr/krach-internet-2000/)
- [Le choc pétrolier de 2026 ne déclenchera probablement pas de récession américaine](https://eco3min.fr/lindice-du-fardeau-petrolier-1970-2026/)
- [Le cycle économique réel : comprendre au-delà des indicateurs](https://eco3min.fr/cycle-economique-reel/)
- [M2 vs CPI 1960-2026 : test du lag monétariste par régime](https://eco3min.fr/m2-inflation-us-test-regime-monetariste/)
- [NFP Revisions Dataset — Why Jobs Data Misleads at Turning Points (1980–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/nfp-revisions-biais-emploi-recessions/)
- [Où 113 ans d’inflation ont réellement détruit le pouvoir d’achat : 72 % concentrés en 4 épisodes](https://eco3min.fr/histoire-inflation-etats-unis/)
- [Récessions américaines depuis 1948 : durée et profondeur](https://eco3min.fr/histoire-recessions-americaines-depuis-1948/)
- [Signal de récession des inscriptions chômage US (1967–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/inscriptions-chomage-us-signal-recession/)
- [Signaux financiers et économie réelle : comprendre la divergence durable](https://eco3min.fr/signaux-financiers-economie-reelle-divergence-durable/)
- [T10YIE : breakeven inflation 10 ans et anticipations](https://eco3min.fr/t10yie-breakeven-inflation-10-ans-anticipations-marche/)

### Marchés financiers

- [Acheter la peur surperforme 2 contre 1 — VIX Dataset (1990–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/almanach-contrarian-vix-dataset/)
- [Dollar fort : comment il redéfinit la hiérarchie des performances financières](https://eco3min.fr/dollar-fort-hierarchie-performances-financieres/)
- [Dollar fort : comprendre les déséquilibres silencieux de l’économie mondiale](https://eco3min.fr/dollar-fort-desequilibres-silencieux-economie-mondiale/)
- [Dollar fort : impacts clés pour investisseurs et entreprises](https://eco3min.fr/dollar-fort-impacts-marches-financiers/)
- [Dollar fort : un mécanisme d’ajustement sans crise financière immédiate](https://eco3min.fr/dollar-fort-duree-sans-crise-financiere/)
- [Dollar shortage : pénurie de financement mondial](https://eco3min.fr/atlas-regime-dollar-shortage/)
- [ETF intelligence artificielle : comprendre les risques réels](https://eco3min.fr/risques-etf-intelligence-artificielle/)
- [Hausse des taux et baisse des marchés : pourquoi la relation n'est ni automatique ni universelle](https://eco3min.fr/hausse-taux-impact-marches-financiers/)
- [HY OAS : signal avancé récession et actions](https://eco3min.fr/hy-oas-spread-credit-signal-recession-marches-actions/)
- [IA et finance : pourquoi l’efficacité n’élimine pas le risque](https://eco3min.fr/ia-transformation-finance-risque-structurel/)
- [Phases sans signal exploitable : mécanismes et régimes de marché](https://eco3min.fr/phases-sans-signal-exploitable-marches/)
- [Pourquoi l'euro bouge : lire l'EUR/USD (BCE-Fed)](https://eco3min.fr/pourquoi-euro-bouge-eur-usd-differentiel/)
- [Quand les taux deviennent dangereux pour les marchés](https://eco3min.fr/taux-interet-moment-dangereux-marches-financiers/)
- [Spreads High Yield US & S&P 500 — Indicateur avancé (Dataset + Graphiques)](https://eco3min.fr/spreads-credit-high-yield-indicateur-avance-sp500-dataset/)
- [Taux d’intérêt : ce que les marchés financiers anticipent vraiment](https://eco3min.fr/impact-taux-interet-marches-financiers/)
- [Tensions en mer Rouge : un risque sous-estimé pour le commerce mondial](https://eco3min.fr/tensions-mer-rouge-commerce-mondial/)
- [USD/JPY 1985-2026 — le yen perd le contrôle sans crise](https://eco3min.fr/banque-centrale-perte-controle-devise-sans-crise-visible/)
- [VIX : la boussole du stress actions enfin décryptée](https://eco3min.fr/vix-indice-peur-marche-actions-volatilite-implicite-sp500/)
- [Volmageddon 2018 : quand l'innovation amplifie la volatilité](https://eco3min.fr/innovation-financiere-rigidification-comportements-marche/)

### Matières premières

- [Cacao : aller-retour 2024-2026 et offre concentrée](https://eco3min.fr/cacao-krach-2024-2026-aller-retour-fragilite-offre-concentree/)
- [Ce que les matières premières annoncent : l'écart d'inflation](https://eco3min.fr/matieres-premieres-ecart-inflation-sous-jacente/)
- [Chaque choc pétrolier depuis 1973 : ampleur et inflation](https://eco3min.fr/histoire-chocs-petroliers-inflation-depuis-1973/)
- [Gaz : la fracture du marché mondial et son coût](https://eco3min.fr/gaz-naturel-fracture-marche-mondial-cout-competitivite-europe/)
- [Les matières premières ont cessé de diversifier après 2008](https://eco3min.fr/matieres-premieres-ont-cesse-de-diversifier/)
- [Marge de raffinage : profits pétroliers et prix à la pompe](https://eco3min.fr/marges-de-raffinage-barometre-profits-petroliers/)
- [Matières premières : mécanismes et politique économique indirecte](https://eco3min.fr/matieres-premieres-politique-economique-indirecte/)
- [Matières premières : mécanismes macro et cycles réels sous contrainte](https://eco3min.fr/matieres-premieres-cycles-reels-transmission-macro/)
- [Minerai de fer : signal de la construction chinoise](https://eco3min.fr/minerai-fer-signal-construction-chine-pic-acier/)
- [Offre physique et demande financière : mécanismes des prix des matières premières](https://eco3min.fr/offre-physique-demande-financiere-prix-matieres-premieres/)
- [Or : signal monétaire, safe haven et dédollarisation](https://eco3min.fr/gold-or-prix-signal-safe-haven-reserves-anti-dollar/)
- [Or en prix réels 1971–2026 : pic 1980 dépassé](https://eco3min.fr/or-prix-reels-pic-1980-depasse-1971-2026/)
- [Prix alimentaires et troubles : la vitesse, pas le niveau](https://eco3min.fr/prix-alimentaires-vitesse-pas-niveau/)
- [Prix du blé : baromètre de l'instabilité géopolitique](https://eco3min.fr/prix-du-ble-securite-alimentaire-instabilite-mondiale/)
- [Prix réels des matières premières depuis 1960](https://eco3min.fr/prix-reels-matieres-premieres-1960-2025/)
- [Quand les matières premières diversifient-elles les actions ?](https://eco3min.fr/matieres-premieres-diversifient-actions-inflation/)
- [Ratio cuivre/or : signal des rendements encore fiable ?](https://eco3min.fr/ratio-cuivre-or-rendements-obligataires-signal-macro/)
- [Ratio or/argent : un signal de valorisation encore fiable ?](https://eco3min.fr/ratio-or-argent-signal-valorisation-metaux-precieux/)
- [Régime désinflationniste : mécanismes et indicateurs](https://eco3min.fr/atlas-regime-desinflationniste/)
- [Squeeze nickel LME 2022 : un marché fragile](https://eco3min.fr/nickel-marche-fragile-squeeze-lme-2022/)
- [Uranium : le supercycle du calcul, pas de l'industrie](https://eco3min.fr/uranium-supercycle-demande-ia-nucleaire-offre-concentree/)
- [WTI : prix du pétrole brut, signal macro des cycles](https://eco3min.fr/wti-petrole-brut-prix-signal-macro-cycles-economiques/)
- [Écart arabica-robusta : lire la tension sur l'offre](https://eco3min.fr/ecart-arabica-robusta-signal-tension-offre-climat/)

### Politique monétaire & taux

- [ACMTP10 : la prime de terme du Treasury 10 ans expliquée](https://eco3min.fr/acmtp10-prime-de-terme-treasury-decomposition-rendement-10-ans/)
- [Bilan Fed 2002–2026 : trois interventions opérationnelles](https://eco3min.fr/bilan-fed-historique-operationnel-2002-2026/)
- [Chaque pause de la Fed depuis 1971 : ce qui a suivi](https://eco3min.fr/histoire-pauses-fed-depuis-1971/)
- [Courbe des taux et récession : comprendre le signal avant les marchés](https://eco3min.fr/courbe-des-taux-recession/)
- [Courbe des taux inversée : comprendre un signal de récession lent](https://eco3min.fr/courbe-des-taux-inversee-signal-lent-regime/)
- [DGS10 : rendement Treasury 10 ans, signal macro de réf.](https://eco3min.fr/dgs10-rendement-treasury-10-ans-signal-macro-conditions-financement/)
- [Dollar américain et crises mondiales (1973–2023) | Dataset historique](https://eco3min.fr/dollar-americain-crises-mondiales-dataset-1973-2023/)
- [Drainage ON RRP et Quantitative Tightening | 2,55T$ ont compensé le QT](https://eco3min.fr/drainage-on-rrp-compensation-quantitative-tightening/)
- [DTWEXBGS : indice broad du dollar, lecture du signal](https://eco3min.fr/dtwexbgs-dollar-broad-index-signal-force-dollar-systemique/)
- [FEDFUNDS : taux directeur Fed et lecture du cycle 2024-26](https://eco3min.fr/fedfunds-taux-directeur-fed-signal-politique-monetaire-cycle/)
- [Indicateurs rassurants, marchés fragiles : l'absence de crise](https://eco3min.fr/indicateurs-macro-rassurants-fragilisation-marches/)
- [Inversion courbe des taux : historique complet 2Y–10Y et récessions](https://eco3min.fr/inversion-courbe-des-taux-historique/)
- [Le revenu net d'investissement américain tombe à près de zéro](https://eco3min.fr/privilege-exorbitant-revenus-investissement-etats-unis/)
- [Le Treasury 2 ans anticipe les pivots de la Fed 1976–2026](https://eco3min.fr/treasury-2-ans-anticipe-fed-1976-2026/)
- [Liquidité nette US (Fed – TGA – RRP) : dataset 2003–2026](https://eco3min.fr/liquidite-nette-us-indice-fed-tga-rrp/)
- [Modèle de probabilité de récession NY Fed : réplication 1990–2024](https://eco3min.fr/modele-probabilite-recession-ny-fed/)
- [NFCI : méta-indicateur des conditions financières USA](https://eco3min.fr/nfci-conditions-financieres-signal-stress-meta-indicateur-chicago-fed/)
- [Plafond de la dette et liquidité du TGA | Données 2002–2026](https://eco3min.fr/drainage-tga-plafond-dette-liquidite/)
- [Politique monétaire : cadre d’incitations et limites structurelles](https://eco3min.fr/politique-monetaire-cadre-limites/)
- [Politique monétaire : comment elle agit réellement sur l’économie](https://eco3min.fr/politique-monetaire-action-economie-reelle/)
- [Politique monétaire restrictive : mécanismes et effets différés](https://eco3min.fr/politique-monetaire-restrictive-mecanismes-effets-differes/)
- [Pourquoi les marchés montent malgré une courbe des taux inversée](https://eco3min.fr/marches-hausse-courbe-des-taux-inversee/)
- [Prime de terme du Trésor 10 ans : décomposition](https://eco3min.fr/prime-de-terme-tresor-10-ans-1961-2026/)
- [Quand la Fed baisse dans un marché au plus haut, depuis 1984](https://eco3min.fr/histoire-baisses-taux-fed-marche-haut/)
- [Rendement réel des T-Bills US depuis 1948 (dataset)](https://eco3min.fr/rendement-reel-bons-tresor-us-3-mois/)
- [Régime inflationniste : mécanismes et indicateurs](https://eco3min.fr/atlas-regime-inflationniste/)
- [T10Y3M : signal de récession US, comprendre le spread 10y/3m](https://eco3min.fr/t10y3m-signal-recession-spread-10-ans-3-mois/)
- [Taux d’intérêt réels US (1962–2026) — Dataset historique & analyse macro](https://eco3min.fr/taux-interet-reels-us-histoire/)
- [Taux Fed Funds vs règle de Taylor — 70 ans de politique monétaire (1954–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/bilan-fed-funds-rate-decisions-dataset/)
- [Tous les cycles du dollar américain depuis 1973](https://eco3min.fr/histoire-cycles-dollar-americain-depuis-1973/)
- [WALCL : bilan Fed et signal monétaire (FRED)](https://eco3min.fr/walcl-bilan-fed-signal-monetaire-indicateur-liquidite-systemique/)

### Stratégies d’investissement

- [Biais comportementaux de l'investisseur](https://eco3min.fr/idees-recues-biais-investisseur/)
- [Comment acheter du bitcoin : plateformes, ETF, fiscalité](https://eco3min.fr/comment-acheter-du-bitcoin/)
- [Comment choisir son assurance-vie : la grille 2026](https://eco3min.fr/comment-choisir-son-assurance-vie/)
- [Comment choisir son PER : la grille d'évaluation (2026)](https://eco3min.fr/comment-choisir-son-per/)
- [Comment choisir une SCPI : critères et pièges (2026)](https://eco3min.fr/comment-choisir-une-scpi/)
- [Comment investir dans l'immobilier : les voies d'accès](https://eco3min.fr/comment-investir-dans-limmobilier/)
- [Comment investir dans l’intelligence artificielle : accès](https://eco3min.fr/comment-investir-dans-lintelligence-artificielle/)
- [Comment investir dans l’or : accès, coûts, fiscalité](https://eco3min.fr/comment-investir-dans-lor/)
- [Comment investir en obligations : titres, fonds, ETF](https://eco3min.fr/comment-investir-en-obligations/)
- [Comment préparer sa retraite : déficit, véhicules, repères](https://eco3min.fr/comment-preparer-sa-retraite/)
- [Discipline d’investissement : créer de la performance sans surperformer](https://eco3min.fr/discipline-investissement-performance-sans-surperformance/)
- [ETF obligataire : quel choix selon le régime de taux](https://eco3min.fr/etf-obligataire-regime-taux/)
- [Fonds euros ou UC : lecture par le régime de taux](https://eco3min.fr/fonds-euros-unites-de-compte-regime-taux/)
- [Idées reçues sur l'allocation d'actifs](https://eco3min.fr/idees-recues-allocation-actifs/)
- [Investir dans les matières premières en 2026 : les voies](https://eco3min.fr/comment-investir-dans-les-matieres-premieres/)
- [Meilleur ETF dividende : la grille, pas le classement](https://eco3min.fr/meilleur-etf-dividende/)
- [Meilleur ETF World : les critères qui comptent (2026)](https://eco3min.fr/meilleur-etf-world/)
- [Meilleur placement 2026 : le panorama lu par le régime](https://eco3min.fr/meilleur-placement/)
- [Meilleur placement court terme 2026 : grille par horizon](https://eco3min.fr/meilleur-placement-court-terme/)
- [Or : quel rôle en portefeuille selon les taux réels](https://eco3min.fr/or-placement-role-regime-taux-reels/)
- [Où investir 10 000 euros en 2026 : ce que la somme change](https://eco3min.fr/ou-investir-10000-euros/)
- [Payer moins d'impôts en 2026 : les mécanismes clés](https://eco3min.fr/comment-payer-moins-dimpots/)
- [PEA, assurance-vie, CTO : la mécanique, pas le classement](https://eco3min.fr/enveloppes-investissement-mecanique-horizon-regime/)
- [PER : la mécanique fiscale d'une enveloppe à double détente](https://eco3min.fr/per-plan-epargne-retraite-mecanique-fiscale/)
- [Protéger son épargne de l'inflation, par régime](https://eco3min.fr/proteger-epargne-inflation-regime/)
- [SCPI et cycle de taux : revaloriser les parts](https://eco3min.fr/scpi-immobilier-papier-cycle-taux/)

### Éducation financière

- [Résidence principale, épargne, investissement : trois logiques](https://eco3min.fr/residence-principale-epargne-investissement-logiques-differentes/)
- [Taux du Livret A : un taux politique, pas de marché](https://eco3min.fr/taux-livret-a-inflation-repression-financiere/)
- [Éducation financière : les angles morts du risque réel](https://eco3min.fr/education-financiere-angles-morts-risque/)
- [Éducation financière : structurer les décisions dans le temps](https://eco3min.fr/education-financiere-structurer-decisions-dans-le-temps/)
- [Épargne, placement, investissement : quelle différence ?](https://eco3min.fr/epargne-placement-investissement-difference/)

## Français — Questions-réponses

- [Accessibilité Immobilière : Déterminants au-delà des Prix](https://eco3min.fr/accessibilite-immobiliere-determinants/)
- [Acquéreurs Stratégiques vs Financiers en M&A](https://eco3min.fr/acquereurs-strategiques-vs-financiers/)
- [Actions remontent avant la fin des récessions](https://eco3min.fr/actions-remontent-avant-fin-recession/)
- [Agences de notation : fonctionnement et importance](https://eco3min.fr/agences-notation-role/)
- [All-Weather : Les Quatre Saisons de Dalio](https://eco3min.fr/portefeuille-all-weather-philosophie/)
- [Allocation Stratégique vs Tactique : Différences](https://eco3min.fr/allocation-strategique-vs-tactique/)
- [Anticipations d'Inflation Auto-Réalisatrices](https://eco3min.fr/anticipations-inflation-auto-realisatrices/)
- [Assouplissement vs Resserrement Quantitatif : Différences](https://eco3min.fr/assouplissement-vs-resserrement-quantitatif/)
- [Assurance dépendance : fonctionnement et couverture](https://eco3min.fr/assurance-dependance-fonctionnement/)
- [Assurance FDIC : fonctionnement et limites](https://eco3min.fr/assurance-fdic-fonctionnement/)
- [Assurance invalidité : pourquoi elle est négligée](https://eco3min.fr/assurance-invalidite-negligee/)
- [Assurance responsabilité ombrelle : fonctionnement](https://eco3min.fr/assurance-responsabilite-ombrelle/)
- [Assurance temporaire vs permanente : écart de coût structurel](https://eco3min.fr/assurance-temporaire-vs-permanente/)
- [Assurance-vie : place dans la planification financière](https://eco3min.fr/assurance-vie-planification-financiere/)
- [Atterrissage en douceur : définition et historique](https://eco3min.fr/atterrissage-douceur-economie/)
- [Automatisation : impact sur salaires et emploi](https://eco3min.fr/automatisation-salaires-emploi/)
- [Aversion aux pertes : pourquoi les pertes font 2× plus mal](https://eco3min.fr/aversion-pertes-investissement/)
- [Backwardation et investissement commodities](https://eco3min.fr/backwardation-investissement-commodities/)
- [Baisse de la fécondité et systèmes de retraite](https://eco3min.fr/baisse-fecondite-retraites/)
- [Baltic Dry Index : demande ou offre ?](https://eco3min.fr/baltic-dry-index-signification/)
- [Banques too-big-to-fail et aléa moral](https://eco3min.fr/too-big-to-fail-alea-moral/)
- [Basculement démographique et prix des actifs](https://eco3min.fr/basculement-demographique-prix-actifs/)
- [Biais de confirmation : pourquoi l'expertise l'aggrave](https://eco3min.fr/biais-confirmation-analyse/)
- [Biais de récence : comment les fonds momentum l'exploitent](https://eco3min.fr/biais-recence-portefeuille/)
- [Biais domestique : le coût caché et son non-monotonie](https://eco3min.fr/biais-domestique-cout-investissement/)
- [Bilan de la Fed et cours boursiers — Quel lien ?](https://eco3min.fr/bilan-fed-cours-boursiers/)
- [Bitcoin actif de liquidité, pas or numérique](https://eco3min.fr/bitcoin-liquidite-pas-or-numerique/)
- [BoJ abandonne le YCC en mars 2024 : analyse](https://eco3min.fr/boj-abandon-ycc-2024/)
- [Boule de neige vs avalanche : laquelle gagne](https://eco3min.fr/boule-neige-vs-avalanche-dette/)
- [Bourse et économie réelle : le grand décalage](https://eco3min.fr/pourquoi-bourse-economie-bougent-pas-ensemble/)
- [BRICS+ et finance mondiale : impact réel](https://eco3min.fr/expansion-brics-plus-finance/)
- [Bulle financière vs marché haussier : quelle diffé](https://eco3min.fr/bulle-financiere-vs-marche-haussier/)
- [Bulle tech 2000 vs enthousiasme IA actuel : quelle](https://eco3min.fr/bulle-tech-2000-vs-ia-actuelle/)
- [Bureaux Vacants et Économie : Trois Canaux de Transmission](https://eco3min.fr/bureaux-vacants-impact-economie/)
- [Calcul du refinancement immobilier : la réalité](https://eco3min.fr/calcul-refinancement-immobilier/)
- [Capital immatériel et valorisations : rupture des cadres macro](https://eco3min.fr/capital-immateriel-valorisations/)
- [Capital-Risque : Mécanique, Loi de Puissance, Rendements](https://eco3min.fr/capital-risque-mecanique/)
- [Carry Trade — Pourquoi cette stratégie est dangereuse](https://eco3min.fr/carry-trade-explique-dangers/)
- [CDS expliqué : fonctionnement et mesure du risque crédit](https://eco3min.fr/cds-credit-default-swap-explique/)
- [Changement de régime macroéconomique : explication](https://eco3min.fr/changement-regime-macro/)
- [CLO expliqués : ce qu'ils sont et leur évolution post-2008](https://eco3min.fr/clo-evolution-apres-2008/)
- [Combien de cash faut-il détenir ? (Liquidité vs inflation)](https://eco3min.fr/combien-de-cash-detenir/)
- [Combien épargner réalistement pour la retraite](https://eco3min.fr/combien-epargner-retraite/)
- [Comment Financer la Croissance d'une PME ?](https://eco3min.fr/petites-entreprises-financer-croissance/)
- [Comment fonctionne l'indice dollar DXY — et ses limites](https://eco3min.fr/indice-dollar-dxy-fonctionnement/)
- [Comment fonctionnent les programmes du FMI](https://eco3min.fr/programmes-fmi-pratique/)
- [Comment identifier une bulle en temps réel ?](https://eco3min.fr/identifier-bulle-temps-reel/)
- [Comment la Fed contrôle les taux courts opérationnellement](https://eco3min.fr/fed-controle-taux-courts/)
- [Comment la Fed crée-t-elle réellement de la monnaie ?](https://eco3min.fr/comment-fed-cree-monnaie/)
- [Comment le carry trade affecte les devises émergentes](https://eco3min.fr/carry-trade-devises-emergentes/)
- [Comment le CPI est-il calculé ? Méthode et limites](https://eco3min.fr/comment-cpi-est-calcule/)
- [Comment le Private Equity Crée de la Valeur : Bain '12 = Nouveau 5'](https://eco3min.fr/private-equity-creation-valeur/)
- [Comment le stress de financement dollar se manifeste](https://eco3min.fr/stress-financement-dollar-manifestation/)
- [Comment les guerres affectent les marchés financiers](https://eco3min.fr/guerres-marches-financiers-histoire/)
- [Comportement grégaire : cascades informationnelles et mimétisme rationnel](https://eco3min.fr/comportement-gregaire-marches/)
- [Compte Général du Trésor (TGA) — Impact sur les marchés](https://eco3min.fr/compte-general-tresor-impact-marches/)
- [Concentration de l'industrie crypto en hubs](https://eco3min.fr/industrie-crypto-concentration-hubs/)
- [Concentrations monopolistiques et statistiques macro : biais](https://eco3min.fr/concentrations-monopolistiques-stats-macro/)
- [Contagion dans les crises financières : 3 canaux](https://eco3min.fr/contagion-crises-financieres/)
- [Contango et érosion des ETF commodities](https://eco3min.fr/contango-erode-etf-commodities/)
- [Contrôle de la courbe des taux : Fed, BoJ, RBA](https://eco3min.fr/controle-courbe-taux-explique/)
- [Convexité obligataire : au-delà de la duration](https://eco3min.fr/convexite-obligataire-expliquee/)
- [Corrélation Bitcoin actifs à risque](https://eco3min.fr/bitcoin-correlation-actifs-risque/)
- [Coût du Capital : WACC et Seuils de Rendement](https://eco3min.fr/cout-capital-importance/)
- [Coût réel crédit auto : le piège de l'allongement](https://eco3min.fr/cout-reel-credit-auto/)
- [CPI Médian et Tronqué : Pourquoi la Fed les Suit](https://eco3min.fr/cpi-median-tronque-fed/)
- [Crise bancaire 2023 vs 2008 : différences clés](https://eco3min.fr/crise-banques-regionales-2023-vs-2008/)
- [Crise repo septembre 2019 : SOFR à 5,25 % expliqué](https://eco3min.fr/crise-repo-septembre-2019/)
- [Croissance indienne vs chinoise : modèles comparés](https://eco3min.fr/croissance-indienne-vs-chinoise/)
- [Crédit Immobilier 30 Ans Fixe : Pourquoi le Marché US en Dépend](https://eco3min.fr/credit-30-ans-fixe-marche-us/)
- [Cuivre : indicateur économique avancé](https://eco3min.fr/cuivre-indicateur-economique/)
- [Cycle du crédit vs cycle économique : différences clés](https://eco3min.fr/cycle-credit-vs-cycle-economique/)
- [Cycles matières premières agricoles : théorème du cobweb](https://eco3min.fr/matieres-premieres-agricoles-cycles/)
- [DCA vs Lump Sum : Ce que Disent Vraiment les Données](https://eco3min.fr/dca-dollar-cost-averaging-efficacite/)
- [DeFi : avantages et risques systémiques](https://eco3min.fr/defi-avantages-systemiques/)
- [Dette des entreprises à des niveaux records](https://eco3min.fr/dette-entreprises-records-investisseurs/)
- [Discipline de Rééquilibrage et Rendements Long Terme](https://eco3min.fr/discipline-reequilibrage-rendements/)
- [Diversification Temporelle : La Controverse Bodie 1995](https://eco3min.fr/diversification-temporelle-controverse/)
- [Dividende démographique : quels pays en bénéficient ?](https://eco3min.fr/dividende-demographique-pays/)
- [Dividendes vs plus-values : pourquoi des règles fiscales différentes](https://eco3min.fr/dividendes-plus-values-fiscalite/)
- [Dollar fort et crises financières mondiales — Analyse](https://eco3min.fr/dollar-fort-crises-financieres-mondiales/)
- [Dot plot Fed : anticipations de marché](https://eco3min.fr/dot-plot-anticipations-marche/)
- [Dr Copper vs Dr Oil : le découplage](https://eco3min.fr/dr-copper-vs-dr-oil/)
- [Droits de succession familles aisées : US 15M$, France 100K€](https://eco3min.fr/droits-succession-familles-aisees/)
- [Duration obligataire : sensibilité prix-taux](https://eco3min.fr/duration-obligataire-expliquee/)
- [Déclin séculaire des taux réels : r-star expliqué](https://eco3min.fr/declin-seculaire-taux-reels/)
- [Découplage US-Chine : ce que cela signifie pour les marchés](https://eco3min.fr/decouplage-us-chine-marches/)
- [Déficit de revenus de retraite expliqué](https://eco3min.fr/deficit-revenus-retraite/)
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- [Tarifs Douaniers et Inflation : Effets sur les Chaînes](https://eco3min.fr/tarifs-douaniers-inflation-chaines/)
- [Taux d'inflation implicite — Comment les interpréter ?](https://eco3min.fr/taux-inflation-implicite-expliques/)
- [Taux d'intérêt et prix de l'immobilier : le lien caché](https://eco3min.fr/pourquoi-prix-immobiliers-suivent-taux/)
- [Taux de change et balance commerciale : la fin de la courbe en J](https://eco3min.fr/taux-change-balance-commerciale/)
- [Taux de dépendance, une variable macro critique](https://eco3min.fr/taux-dependance-variable-macro/)
- [Taux de retrait sûr et valorisations initiales](https://eco3min.fr/taux-retrait-valorisations-initiales/)
- [Taux négatifs : ont-ils fonctionné ?](https://eco3min.fr/taux-negatifs-efficacite/)
- [Taux réels négatifs prolongés — Quelles conséquences ?](https://eco3min.fr/taux-reels-negatifs-consequences/)
- [Taux réels vs nominaux — Pourquoi les taux réels comptent plus](https://eco3min.fr/taux-interet-reels-vs-nominaux/)
- [Tax-loss harvesting expliqué : mécanique et limites](https://eco3min.fr/recolte-pertes-fiscales/)
- [Tensions géopolitiques et marchés énergétiques](https://eco3min.fr/tensions-geopolitiques-energie/)
- [TIPS expliqués : obligations indexées sur l'inflation](https://eco3min.fr/tips-obligations-indexees-inflation/)
- [Trajectoire démographique du Japon : leçons](https://eco3min.fr/trajectoire-demographique-japon/)
- [Treasury General Account et réserves bancaires : pourquoi ce drain](https://eco3min.fr/treasury-general-account-reserves-bancaires/)
- [Trust : quand il est approprié et pourquoi la France n'en a pas](https://eco3min.fr/trust-quand-approprie/)
- [Un rendement de 4 % est-il suffisant ?](https://eco3min.fr/rendement-4-pourcent-bien-ou-pas/)
- [Vendre les gagnants, garder les perdants : le coût mesuré](https://eco3min.fr/vendre-gagnants-garder-perdants/)
- [Vieillissement démographique et croissance économique](https://eco3min.fr/vieillissement-ralentit-croissance/)
- [Volatilité argent vs or : un actif hybride](https://eco3min.fr/volatilite-argent-vs-or/)
- [Volatilité des prix du lithium expliquée](https://eco3min.fr/prix-lithium-volatilite/)
- [Z-score d'Altman : mesurer la détresse d'entreprise](https://eco3min.fr/z-score-altman-detresse-entreprise/)
- [Âge de liquidation Sécu US : décision critique](https://eco3min.fr/age-liquidation-secu-us/)
- [Économie du proof-of-stake d'Ethereum](https://eco3min.fr/ethereum-proof-of-stake-economie/)
- [Économie narrative : pourquoi les récits battent les données](https://eco3min.fr/recits-battent-donnees-psychologie/)

## English — Pillars

- [Asset Allocation & Portfolio Strategy | Risk, Cycles, Market Regimes](https://eco3min.fr/en/asset-allocation-strategies-resilient-portfolios-market-regimes/): How to build resilient portfolios across monetary and macro regimes: asset allocation, risk management, cycle signals and structural diversification.
- [Commodity Regimes & Physical Constraints | Energy, Metals & Global Cycles](https://eco3min.fr/en/commodity-regimes-physical-constraints-energy-transition/): Physical supply constraints, energy markets, metals demand and geopolitics: how commodity regimes drive inflation, industrial cycles and global competitiveness.
- [Common Money & Market Misconceptions](https://eco3min.fr/en/mistakes/): A data-driven guide to the most common misconceptions about inflation, the Fed, recessions, bonds, stocks, real estate and crypto — each corrected with evidence.
- [Compare Markets, Assets & Macro](https://eco3min.fr/en/compare/): Side-by-side, data-driven comparisons across markets and macro — stocks vs bonds, value vs growth, Bitcoin vs gold, fixed vs adjustable rates — and how each behaves across regimes.
- [Crypto-Assets: Liquidity Cycles, Real Rates & Systemic Integration](https://eco3min.fr/en/crypto-assets-liquidity-cycles-real-rates/): How global liquidity, real interest rates and financial integration drive crypto-asset markets. Bitcoin, Ethereum, stablecoins, regulation and structural risks explained.
- [Equity Markets & ETFs: Structure, Valuations, Cycles](https://eco3min.fr/en/equity-markets-etfs-structure-valuations-cycles/): How monetary regimes, real rates, earnings cycles and capital flows shape equity markets and ETFs. Valuations, index concentration, passive investing and structural risks explained.
- [Financial Education & Macroeconomic Regimes | Inflation, Rates, Decisions](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-education-macroeconomic-regimes/): Understand how inflation, interest rates and economic cycles shape your savings, investments and credit decisions. Avoid costly financial mistakes.
- [Investing for Beginners](https://eco3min.fr/en/investing-for-beginners-hub/): The fundamentals of investing — and what most guides leave out. Why the same rules produce opposite results in different economic regimes.
- [Macro Questions Answered With Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/qa/): Data-driven answers to key questions on inflation, interest rates, recessions, liquidity, and investing. Explained through macro regimes and historical evidence.
- [Macro-Financial Regimes (1990–2026) | Inflation, Geopolitics & Market Shifts](https://eco3min.fr/en/macro-financial-regimes/): How the global economy shifted from the Great Moderation to a new regime shaped by structural inflation, geopolitical fragmentation and energy constraints — and what it means for markets, rates and risk.
- [Macroeconomic Analysis Tools | Eco3min Analytical Framework](https://eco3min.fr/en/macroeconomic-analysis-tools/): Discover Eco3min macroeconomic analysis tools: interest rate cycle framework, macro cycle mapping, and misleading indicators analysis.
- [Macroeconomic Data & Financial Datasets — Eco3min Research](https://eco3min.fr/en/research-data/): Macroeconomic datasets, charts and financial research on the yield curve, US dollar, global crises and key indicators, with CSV and Excel downloads.
- [Market Regimes & Financial Dynamics | Liquidity, Rates, Correlations](https://eco3min.fr/en/market-regimes-liquidity-real-rates-financial-dynamics/): How liquidity cycles, real interest rates and monetary regimes shape market behavior, correlations, volatility, risk premia and capital allocation.
- [Monetary Regimes & Real Rates (1990–2026) | Liquidity, Policy & Market Cycles](https://eco3min.fr/en/monetary-regimes-interest-rates-liquidity-market-cycles/): How monetary regimes shape markets: real rates, central bank liquidity, debt dynamics and asset valuations from 1990 to today.
- [Real Estate Cycles: Credit, Rates & Property Market Dynamics](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-estate-credit-rate-cycles/): Credit cycles, interest rate regimes and price dynamics: understand how financing conditions drive real estate markets, property values and investment risks.

## English — Sub-pillars

- [Agricultural Commodities: Climate, Cycles, Food Inflation](https://eco3min.fr/en/agricultural-commodities-softs-grains-climate-cycles-food-inflation/): Coffee, cocoa, sugar, wheat, corn… How biological supply, weather and producer concentration shape agricultural prices. Eco3min market analysis.
- [Asset Correlations, Regime Shifts & Portfolio Risk](https://eco3min.fr/en/asset-class-correlations-regime-shifts/): How asset class correlations shift across macro regimes. A structural framework for portfolio construction, risk diversification, and regime-aware allocation.
- [Behavioral Investing: Cognitive Biases, Discipline & Costly Mistakes](https://eco3min.fr/en/behavioral-investing-cognitive-biases-discipline-risk/): The biggest investing risk isn’t being wrong — it’s abandoning discipline under stress. Recency bias, FOMO, panic selling, overconfidence, and structural safeguards.
- [Biggest Investing Mistakes Beginners Make (And How to Avoid Them)](https://eco3min.fr/en/biggest-investing-mistakes-beginners/): Most beginner mistakes aren’t technical — they’re contextual. Learn the 6 critical investing errors that destroy real returns (fees, inflation, behavior, regime shifts) and how to avoid them.
- [Bitcoin & Liquidity Cycles | Real Rates, ETFs and Macro Regime Signals](https://eco3min.fr/en/bitcoin-liquidity-cycles-real-rates-macro-regimes/): How global liquidity, real interest rates, and macro regimes drive Bitcoin cycles. ETFs, halving mechanics, and on-chain signals in macro context.
- [Capital Flows, Market Structure & Price Dynamics](https://eco3min.fr/en/capital-flows-price-formation-markets/): Capital flows—not narratives—drive market prices. Structural analysis of institutional, retail, ETF, buyback, and algorithmic flows shaping price dynamics.
- [Central Banks & Monetary Policy: Rate Cycles, Institutions, Market Impact](https://eco3min.fr/en/central-banks-monetary-policy-rate-cycles-market-transmission/): How central banks shape monetary regimes through mandates, rate cycles, forward guidance, and transmission channels affecting markets and the economy.
- [Choosing Investments by Market Regime](https://eco3min.fr/en/choosing-investments-market-regimes-rate-cycles/): Why the 'best' investment depends on the macro regime: the Eco3min framework for comparing ETFs, funds and vehicles through rates, inflation and liquidity.
- [Commodities as Regime Signals: Cycles, Inflation, and Geopolitics](https://eco3min.fr/en/commodities-macroeconomic-regime-signals-cycles-inflation-strategic-power/): How commodities signal macroeconomic regime shifts through structural cycles, inflation transmission channels, growth dynamics, and geopolitical leverage.
- [Commodity Price Formation: Physical vs Financial Drivers Explained](https://eco3min.fr/en/commodity-price-formation-physical-constraints-financial-flows-structural-drivers/): How commodity prices form through physical supply constraints, financial flows, marginal production costs, inventories, and forward curve dynamics.
- [Companies & Economic Sectors: Structural Analysis of Value Creation](https://eco3min.fr/en/companies-economic-sectors-structural-drivers-competitiveness-value-creation/): How economic cycles, cost structures, innovation, regulation and capital costs shape sector competitiveness, margins and long-term corporate value creation.
- [Crisis Hub: macro regime shifts read through indicators](https://eco3min.fr/en/crisis-hub/): Eleven crises, from 1929 to 2022, read as macro regime shifts through the Eco3min indicators: what the series showed during each transition.
- [Crypto Regulation Explained | MiCA, SEC Frameworks and Structural Risks](https://eco3min.fr/en/crypto-regulation-effects-limits-structural-risks/): How regulation reshapes crypto markets without eliminating structural risks. MiCA, SEC frameworks, liquidity fragility, concentration, and investor protections.
- [Crypto Volatility Explained | Liquidity Cycles, Leverage and Structural Risks](https://eco3min.fr/en/crypto-volatility-structural-drivers-liquidity-regimes/): Why crypto cycles are more extreme than equities. Structural volatility drivers, leverage cascades, liquidity regimes, and on-chain signals in context.
- [Deglobalization Explained: Fragmentation, Supply Chains, and Geopolitical Trade Shifts](https://eco3min.fr/en/deglobalization-fragmentation-geopolitics-supply-chains-trade/): Understand deglobalization through fragmented trade blocs, supply chain reshoring, and geopolitical tensions reshaping inflation, capital flows, and markets.
- [Dividends & Buybacks: Total Shareholder Yield, Sustainability and Cycles](https://eco3min.fr/en/dividends-share-buybacks-total-shareholder-yield-distribution-cycles/): How dividends and share buybacks drive long-term equity returns. Total shareholder yield, payout sustainability, debt risks and distribution cycles explained.
- [Economic Cycle Analysis: Regime Signals & Portfolio Positioning](https://eco3min.fr/en/economic-cycle-analysis-portfolio-regime-positioning/): Cycle analysis is not market timing. Identify regime signals, demand vs supply shocks, and align portfolio exposure with macro and financial conditions.
- [Economic Cycle Explained: Phases, Leading Indicators, and Market Strategy](https://eco3min.fr/en/economic-cycle-phases-signals-market-implications/): Learn how the economic cycle works through its phases, leading indicators, and structural drivers. Anticipate turning points and understand market implications.
- [Equity Market Valuation Framework: Real Rates, Multiples & Earnings](https://eco3min.fr/en/equity-market-valuation-real-rates-multiples-earnings/): How equity markets are valued: performance decomposition, real rates and multiples, earnings cycles, and the equity risk premium across market regimes.
- [Equity Markets vs Real Economy: Structural Drivers & Regime Analysis](https://eco3min.fr/en/equity-markets-real-economy-earnings-cycles-monetary-regimes/): Why equity markets diverge from the real economy: earnings cycles, index composition, monetary regimes, discount rates and structural performance drivers.
- [Ethereum & Stablecoins | Digital Dollarization, DeFi Infrastructure, Systemic Risks](https://eco3min.fr/en/ethereum-stablecoins-digital-dollarization-architecture-risks/): How Ethereum infrastructure and dollar stablecoins reshape global finance. Digital dollarization, DeFi liquidity, systemic risks, and monetary power.
- [Everyday Financial Trade-Offs | Debt, Savings & Investment Decisions by Economic Regime](https://eco3min.fr/en/everyday-financial-tradeoffs-economic-regimes/): How inflation, interest rates, and economic cycles change everyday financial decisions. Debt vs savings, real estate timing, liquidity, and investment trade-offs explained.
- [Financial Education Framework | Real Returns, Risk & Robust Portfolio Principles](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-education-framework-principles-economic-regimes/): Understand the core principles of financial education: real vs nominal returns, interest-rate regimes, risk asymmetry, robustness, and margin of safety for resilient long-term decisions.
- [Financial Innovation, Infrastructure & Systemic Risk](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-innovation-market-infrastructure-systemic-risk/): How financial innovation reshapes market infrastructure, capital flows, and risk transmission—efficiency gains, hidden fragilities, and systemic effects.
- [Financial Simulators & Tools | Budget, Returns, Risk & Scenario Testing](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-tools-simulators-test-assumptions-decisions/): Interactive financial tools to test assumptions behind savings, debt, returns, and risk. Compare scenarios, stress projections, and understand economic context.
- [FX Markets, Exchange Rates & Monetary Regimes](https://eco3min.fr/en/fx-markets-exchange-rates-monetary-regimes/): Exchange rates reflect real rate differentials, capital flows, and monetary credibility. A structural macro framework for FX markets and global regimes.
- [Geopolitics and Macroeconomics: Structural Risks Shaping Markets and Regimes](https://eco3min.fr/en/geopolitics-macroeconomics-structural-transmission-markets-regimes/): How geopolitical constraints transmit through energy, trade, capital flows, and risk premia to reshape macroeconomic regimes and financial markets.
- [How Inflation Impacts Your Savings and Investments](https://eco3min.fr/en/inflation-impact-on-savings-investments/): Inflation changes the real value of your money. Understand the difference between nominal and real yield, and learn how to protect your purchasing power.
- [How Passive Management and ETFs Are Reshaping Market Structure](https://eco3min.fr/en/passive-management-etf-market-structure/): Passive investing now dominates equity flows. ETFs reshape price formation, concentration, liquidity, and systemic risk across modern financial markets.
- [Inflation Regimes Explained: Structural Drivers, Real Rates, and Market Impact](https://eco3min.fr/en/inflation-regimes-structural-drivers-macro-financial-implications/): Understand inflation as a macroeconomic regime shaped by wages, energy, liquidity, and policy. Identify structural drivers and macro-financial consequences.
- [Interest Rates and Real Estate Purchasing Power: The Mortgage Capacity Mechanism](https://eco3min.fr/en/interest-rates-real-estate-purchasing-power-mortgage-capacity-mechanism/): How interest rates mechanically determine real estate purchasing power. The rate–capacity formula, transmission lags, fixed vs variable mortgages, and structural impacts on prices and volumes.
- [Investment Vehicles Explained | Real Returns, Fees, Taxes & Market Regimes](https://eco3min.fr/en/investment-vehicles-real-returns-costs-regime-impact/): Understand what investments truly deliver after inflation, fees, taxes, and behavior. Compare savings, ETFs, funds, and real estate across economic regimes.
- [IRA vs 401(k) vs Taxable Account: Which Is Best for Investing?](https://eco3min.fr/en/ira-401k-vs-taxable-brokerage/): Roth IRA, 401(k), or taxable account? Compare tax impact, real returns, and long-term outcomes. See how taxes can cost you $20K+ and choose the right strategy.
- [Liquidity & Financial Conditions: QT, Monetary Plumbing, and Market Dynamics](https://eco3min.fr/en/liquidity-financial-conditions-monetary-plumbing-qt-market-impact/): How global liquidity shapes financial conditions beyond policy rates through QE/QT cycles, repo markets, bank reserves, and risk-asset valuation.
- [Macro Tools: Read the Regime and the Economic Cycle](https://eco3min.fr/en/macro-tools/): Interactive tools to place the current macro regime, compare periods and read the cycle — descriptive, sourced, non-prescriptive.
- [Market Expectations, Sentiment & Price Formation](https://eco3min.fr/en/market-expectations-sentiment-price-formation/): How markets price expectations, sentiment, and risk. A structural framework linking volatility, positioning, and macro regimes.
- [Market Microstructure, Liquidity & Price Formation](https://eco3min.fr/en/market-microstructure-price-formation-mechanics/): Order books, market makers, HFT, and 0DTE options shape modern price formation. How liquidity regimes drive volatility and execution risk.
- [Monetary Transmission to Earnings: Time Lags, Margins, and Rate Cycles](https://eco3min.fr/en/monetary-transmission-corporate-earnings-time-lags-margins-rate-cycles/): How monetary policy affects corporate earnings with 12–24 month lags through capital costs, margin pressure, refinancing cycles, and sector asymmetries.
- [Physical Commodity Markets: Oil, Gas, Copper, and Critical Minerals](https://eco3min.fr/en/physical-commodity-markets-oil-gas-copper-critical-minerals-structural-signals/): Field analysis of physical commodity markets highlighting supply constraints, demand imbalances, investment gaps, and forward macroeconomic signals.
- [Physical Constraints on Growth: Energy, Resources, and Inflation](https://eco3min.fr/en/physical-constraints-economy-energy-resources-structural-growth-limits/): How energy systems, resource scarcity, and logistics corridors impose structural limits on growth, drive inflation regimes, and reshape geopolitical power.
- [Portfolio Allocation Architectures: 60/40, Risk Parity, Factors & Regime Risks](https://eco3min.fr/en/portfolio-allocation-architectures-regime-assumptions/): Understand the implicit regime assumptions behind major portfolio allocation models — 60/40, All-Weather, Risk Parity, factor investing, rebalancing, and backtests — and when they fail.
- [Portfolio Risk Management: Survival, Regime Risk & Capital Protection](https://eco3min.fr/en/portfolio-risk-management-survival-before-performance/): Why survival comes before performance. Understand permanent loss risk, regime shifts, leverage, correlations, tail risks, and position sizing in portfolio management.
- [Real Estate and Inflation: When Property Protects — and When It Doesn’t](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-estate-inflation-credit-real-rates-protection-paradox/): Does real estate hedge inflation? Credit conditions, real rates, rent indexation and financing regimes determine whether property preserves wealth or amplifies losses.
- [Real Estate Credit Cycle: How Credit Drives Prices and Market Phases](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-estate-credit-cycle-price-dynamics/): How the real estate credit cycle drives prices: expansion, euphoria, reversal and adjustment. Bank amplification, leading indicators and structural risks explained.
- [Rental Property Returns: From Gross Yield to Net-Net Profitability](https://eco3min.fr/en/rental-property-profitability-gross-net-yield-cost-of-capital/): How rental property returns erode from gross to net-net. Charges, vacancy, maintenance, taxes, financing costs and opportunity cost across interest-rate regimes.
- [Sector Rotation & Style Regimes: Reading Market Cycles Through Flows](https://eco3min.fr/en/sector-rotation-style-regimes-value-growth-market-cycles/): How sector rotation reveals market regimes: value vs growth, inflation winners, geographic composition, factor ETFs and structural allocation signals.
- [Systemic Fragilities Explained: Debt, Shadow Banking, and Financial Stability](https://eco3min.fr/en/systemic-fragilities-debt-shadow-banking-financial-stability-risks/): Understand systemic financial risks through debt sustainability, nonbank finance, liquidity stress, and monetary interventions shaping financial stability.
- [Systemic Risk Indicators and Financial Market Stress Signals](https://eco3min.fr/en/systemic-risk-indicators-market-stress-signals/): Systemic crises are preceded by credit spreads, funding stress, repo dysfunctions, and liquidity signals. A framework to assess financial system fragility.
- [U.S. Dollar Systemic Role | Global Monetary & Financial Conditions](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-dollar-systemic-global-monetary-system/): How the U.S. dollar shapes global liquidity, capital flows and financial stability. Monetary policy transmission, crises, eurodollar system and de-dollarization dynamics.

## English — Datasets

- [Current US macro regime, live dashboard](https://eco3min.fr/en/current-regime/): US macro regime recomputed daily by the Eco3min rule-based classifier with published thresholds: growth (CFNAI-MA3), underlying inflation (12-month trimmed mean PCE), financial conditions (NFCI), value and date of each input, changes since last month, monthly timeline since 1978.
- [regime_current.json: current US macro regime, machine-readable](https://eco3min.fr/wp-content/uploads/eco3min-data/regime_current.json): The file behind the dashboard: regime, state of the three axes, input values and dates, calculation timestamp (computed_at). Eco3min labels and states under CC BY 4.0; input values remain under their producers' terms (FRED "citation required" for CFNAI, NFCI and trimmed mean PCE).
- [regime_lookup.json: monthly US macro regime history since 1978, machine-readable](https://eco3min.fr/wp-content/uploads/eco3min-data/regime_lookup.json): The file behind the regime-by-date tool and the historical timeline: regime, axis states and values for every month since January 1978 (revised data), with dated market context: inflation, policy rate and 10-year yield for the United States and France, US stock market total return over 12 months and to the latest month published, from the Fama/French market factor (Kenneth R. French Data Library, no index level), OECD share price index for France. Eco3min labels and states under CC BY 4.0; input values remain under their producers' terms (FRED "citation required" for Chicago Fed, Dallas Fed and OECD series; Kenneth R. French Data Library: attribution, no licence granted).
- [Macro regime classification methodology](https://eco3min.fr/en/macro-regime-classification-methodology/): Thresholds, axes and layers of the Eco3min regime classifier; what is computed live and what is not.
- [10Y Treasury Minus Fed Funds Spread: Monthly Since 1954](https://eco3min.fr/en/yield-curve-slope-10y-fed-funds-dataset/): 10Y Treasury minus Fed Funds spread monthly: GS10 yield minus effective Federal Funds rate. Eco3min composite since 1954. CSV, Python/R.
- [A191RL1Q225SBEA: Real US GDP Growth Rate Since 1947](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-gdp-growth-rate-dataset/): A191RL1Q225SBEA: real US GDP quarterly growth rate from BEA via FRED. Annualized QoQ percent change since 1947. CSV, Excel, Python/R examples.
- [ACMTP10: NY Fed 10-Year Term Premium Monthly Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-term-premium-dataset/): ACMTP10 monthly 10-year US Treasury term premium estimates from the NY Fed Adrian-Crump-Moench model since 1962. CSV download, Python/R.
- [Age at First Marriage in the U.S., 1890 to 2025 (Census)](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-age-at-first-marriage-1890-2025/): U.S. median age at first marriage hit 30.8 (men) and 28.4 (women) in 2025, with the mid-1950s, not today, the historical low. Census data, 1890 to 2025.
- [Algorithmic Trading: Abundant Data, Unstable Markets](https://eco3min.fr/en/algorithmic-trading-data-volatility/): Despite abundant data, algorithmic trading can reinforce volatility through synchronized feedback loops where similar models react to common signals.
- [Aluminum Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/aluminum-price-history-dataset/): Aluminum price history, monthly since 1992, in USD per metric ton (LME): World Bank Pink Sheet. Covers the 2022 spike and the 2026 record. CSV, Python/R.
- [AUD/USD Exchange Rate History Since 1971](https://eco3min.fr/en/aud-usd-exchange-rate-history-dataset/): AUD/USD exchange rate history, daily, US dollars per Australian dollar. Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED since 1971. Commodity-linked. CSV, Python/R.
- [BAMLC0A4CBBB: US BBB Corporate Bond Spread Daily Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-investment-grade-credit-spread-dataset/): BAMLC0A4CBBB daily ICE BofA US Corporate BBB option-adjusted spread from FRED since 1996. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [BAMLH0A0HYM2: US High Yield OAS Daily Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/credit-spreads-recession-risk-dataset/): BAMLH0A0HYM2 daily option-adjusted spread on US High Yield bonds (ICE BofA via FRED). . CSV download, Python/R.
- [BCNSDODNS: US Corporate Debt-to-GDP Quarterly Data from FRED](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-corporate-debt-gdp-dataset/): BCNSDODNS quarterly nonfinancial corporate debt as share of US GDP from FRED Z.1 since 1950. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [Beveridge Curve: US Job Openings per Unemployed, Monthly V/U](https://eco3min.fr/en/beveridge-curve-dataset/): Eco3min monthly composite of JOLTS openings divided by unemployed persons since 2000. Above 1.0 means more vacancies than jobseekers.
- [Big Tech CapEx-to-Revenue Ratio: Quarterly Data Since 2015](https://eco3min.fr/en/big-tech-capex-revenue-ratio-quarterly-dataset/): Big Tech CapEx-to-Revenue Ratio: quarterly capex intensity for AAPL, MSFT, GOOGL, AMZN, META, NVDA since 2015. Eco3min composite from SEC EDGAR. CSV.
- [Big Tech Free Cash Flow: Quarterly Data Since 2017](https://eco3min.fr/en/big-tech-free-cash-flow-quarterly-dataset/): Big Tech free cash flow: quarterly operating cash flow minus capex for AAPL, MSFT, GOOGL, AMZN, META, NVDA. Eco3min composite from SEC XBRL. CSV.
- [Bitcoin Price History (BTC-USD): Daily Spot Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/bitcoin-price-history-dataset/): Bitcoin price history: what the Coinbase BTC-USD series (FRED CBBTCUSD) measures since 2014, its pitfalls and macro regimes. The series is not reproduced here.
- [Brazil Selic Rate: Monthly Data Since 1996 (CSV, Python, R)](https://eco3min.fr/en/brazil-selic-rate-dataset/): Brazil Selic rate, monthly since October 1996: the effective Selic Over from Banco Central do Brasil SGS series 11, annualized on 252 business days. CSV, Python, R.
- [CAPE Ratio (Shiller PE10): S&P 500 Valuation Since 1881](https://eco3min.fr/en/sp500-cape-ratio-dataset/): CAPE Ratio (Shiller PE10) monthly data from Robert Shiller's Yale dataset — cyclically adjusted S&P 500 valuation since 1881. CSV, Python/R examples.
- [CCSA: US Continued Jobless Claims, Weekly Since 1967](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-continued-claims-dataset/): Insured unemployment, people still collecting state benefits, weekly since 1967 from the Department of Labor: the stock that stays jobless, not the flow.
- [CFNAI: Chicago Fed National Activity Index Data Since 1967](https://eco3min.fr/en/cfnai-national-activity-index-dataset/): Chicago Fed National Activity Index (CFNAI) and CFNAI-MA3, monthly since 1967. Broad US activity gauge from 85 indicators. CSV, Excel, Python/R.
- [CIVPART: US Labor Force Participation Rate, Monthly Since 1948](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-labor-force-participation-rate-dataset/): The share of adults working or looking for work, monthly since 1948 from the BLS: the longest structural labor series, from 58% in the 1950s to 67.3% in
- [Coal Price History: Australian Thermal Coal Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/coal-price-history-dataset/): Coal price history, monthly, USD/tonne (Australian thermal, FOB Newcastle), World Bank Pink Sheet since 1992. Covers the record 2022 spike. CSV.
- [Cocoa Price History: Monthly Data in USD/kg Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/cocoa-price-history-dataset/): Cocoa price history, monthly, in USD per kg: World Bank Pink Sheet (ICCO daily price) since 1992, incl. the record 2024-2025 surge. CSV, Python/R.
- [Coffee Arabica Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/coffee-arabica-price-history-dataset/): Coffee arabica price history, monthly, in USD/kg: World Bank Pink Sheet (ICO other milds) since 1992, incl. the record 2025 peak. CSV, Python/R.
- [Coffee Robusta Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/coffee-robusta-price-history-dataset/): Coffee robusta price history, monthly, in USD/kg: World Bank Pink Sheet (ICO robustas) since 1992, incl. the 2024-2025 Vietnam shortage. CSV, Python/R.
- [Commodity Prices: Historical Data 1992–2026](https://eco3min.fr/en/commodity-prices/): Historical commodity price datasets: coffee, cocoa, metals, energy and grains. Monthly data from 1992, CSV and XLSX downloads.
- [Copper-Gold Ratio: Industrial Metal vs Safe Haven Monthly Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/copper-gold-ratio-dataset/): Copper-Gold Ratio, monthly since 1992: World Bank Pink Sheet copper (USD/t) divided by gold (USD/oz), x1000. Eco3min composite, CSV, Excel, Python and R.
- [Corn Price History: Monthly Maize Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/corn-price-history-dataset/): Corn (maize) price history, monthly, USD per metric ton: World Bank Pink Sheet, US Gulf, since 1992. Covers the 2012 drought and the 2022 record. CSV, Python/R.
- [Cotton Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/cotton-price-history-dataset/): Cotton price history, monthly, USD/kg: Cotlook A Index from the World Bank Pink Sheet since 1992. Covers the 2011 record and the 2020 Covid low. CSV, Python/R.
- [CPIAUCSL: US CPI All Urban Consumers — Monthly Since 1947](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-inflation-history-dataset/): CPIAUCSL monthly US headline CPI from FRED — BLS Consumer Price Index All Urban Consumers since 1947. CSV download, Python/R.
- [CPILFESL: Core US CPI Excluding Food & Energy (Monthly)](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-core-cpi-inflation-dataset/): CPILFESL monthly US Core CPI from FRED — ex food and energy, since 1957. CSV and Excel download, Python/R examples.
- [Credit Spread vs VIX — Daily CSV Download (Risk Divergence Indicator)](https://eco3min.fr/en/credit-spread-vs-vix-dataset/): Direct daily updated download for the Credit Spread vs VIX dataset (Risk Divergence Indicator). Get historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [DCOILBRENTEU: Brent Crude Oil Daily Spot Price Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/brent-crude-oil-price-dataset/): DCOILBRENTEU daily Brent crude oil spot price from FRED via the US EIA. Daily data since 1987. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [DCOILWTICO: Daily WTI Crude Oil Price Since 1986](https://eco3min.fr/en/wti-crude-oil-price-dataset/): DCOILWTICO daily WTI crude oil spot price from FRED since 1986. Cushing Oklahoma benchmark, CSV download, Python/R examples.
- [Developed Markets ex-US: FX & Bond Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/developed-markets-ex-us/): Datasets for developed markets outside the US: yen, pound, franc, Canadian and Australian dollar rates, plus Japan, UK and Germany 10-year yields.
- [DGS10: 10-Year US Treasury Yield Daily Data Since 1962](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-10y-treasury-yield-dataset/): DGS10 daily 10-year US Treasury yield from FRED. 16,000+ observations since 1962. Constant maturity rate, CSV and Excel downloads.
- [DGS2: 2-Year US Treasury Yield Daily Data Since 1976](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-2-year-treasury-yield-dataset/): DGS2 daily 2-year US Treasury constant maturity yield from FRED. Over 12,500 observations since June 1976. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [DGS30: 30-Year US Treasury Yield Daily Data (1977–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-30-year-treasury-yield-dataset/): DGS30 daily 30-year US Treasury yield from FRED. Over 12,000 observations since February 1977. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [DHHNGSP: Henry Hub Natural Gas Daily Spot Price USD](https://eco3min.fr/en/natural-gas-price-history-dataset/): DHHNGSP Henry Hub natural gas daily spot price from FRED — USD per MMBtu since 1997. CSV download, Python and R examples.
- [DRCCLACBS: US Credit Card Delinquency Rate, Since 1991](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-credit-card-delinquency-rate-dataset/): Share of bank credit-card balances 30+ days past due, quarterly since 1991 from the Federal Reserve: the fastest-reacting gauge of household credit
- [DRCLACBS: US Consumer Loan Delinquency Rate, Since 1987](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-consumer-loan-delinquency-rate-dataset/): All consumer lending at commercial banks 30+ days past due, quarterly since 1987 from the Federal Reserve: the broadest bank-side gauge of household
- [DRSFRMACBS: US Single-Family Mortgage Delinquency, Quarterly](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-mortgage-delinquency-rate-dataset/): Single-family residential mortgages 30+ days past due at commercial banks, quarterly since 1991 from the Federal Reserve. Peaked at 11.48% in 2010.
- [DRTSCILM: US Bank Lending Standards Quarterly Data (SLOOS)](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-bank-lending-standards-dataset/): DRTSCILM quarterly SLOOS data — net percentage of US banks tightening C&I loan standards since 1990. Federal Reserve survey, CSV download, Python/R.
- [DTB3: 3-Month US Treasury Bill Daily Rate Since 1954](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-3-month-treasury-bill-dataset/): DTB3 daily 3-month US Treasury bill secondary market rate from FRED. Over 18,000 observations since 1954. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [DTWEXBGS: Trade-Weighted US Dollar Index Daily Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-dollar-index-dataset-dtwexbgs/): DTWEXBGS daily trade-weighted US dollar index from FRED — 26 currencies, base Jan 2006=100. CSV download, Python/R examples.
- [ECB Balance Sheet — Total Assets Dataset (1999–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/ecb-eurosystem-total-assets-dataset/): Download ECB balance sheet data (Eurosystem total assets). Weekly series since 1999 tracking QE, QT, and liquidity conditions in the euro area.
- [ECB Deposit Facility Rate — Policy Rate Dataset (1999–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/ecb-deposit-facility-rate-dataset/): Download the ECB Deposit Facility Rate (DFR) dataset. The key euro area policy rate since 1999, defining the floor of interest rates and monetary policy stance.
- [ECB HICP Core Inflation — Euro Area Dataset (1997–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-hicp-core-inflation-dataset/): Download euro area HICP core inflation data from the ECB. Monthly underlying inflation excluding food and energy since 1997 — key for tracking persistent price pressures.
- [ECB Macro Data Hub — Euro Area Datasets (Rates, Inflation, Liquidity)](https://eco3min.fr/en/ecb-macro-data/): Access 25 ECB macroeconomic datasets: interest rates, inflation (HICP), liquidity, credit, and real economy data. Clean CSV, Python/R code, no API key required.
- [ECB Main Refinancing Rate — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/ecb-main-refinancing-rate-dataset/): Direct download for the ECB Main Refinancing Rate. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [ECB Marginal Lending Facility Rate — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/ecb-marginal-lending-facility-rate-dataset/): Direct download for the ECB Marginal Lending Facility Rate. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [ECIALLCIV: US Employment Cost Index YoY Growth, Quarterly](https://eco3min.fr/en/employment-cost-index-dataset/): The BLS reference measure of labor cost pressure, with occupation and industry mix held fixed. Quarterly since 2002, peaked at 5.1% in 2022.
- [EMRATIO: US Employment-Population Ratio, Monthly Since 1948](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-employment-population-ratio-dataset/): The simplest labor gauge, the share of adults with a job, monthly since 1948 from the BLS: no participation boundary, no unemployment definition.
- [Ethereum Price History: Daily ETH-USD Data Since 2016](https://eco3min.fr/en/ethereum-price-history-dataset/): Ethereum price history: what the Coinbase ETH-USD series (FRED CBETHUSD) measures since 2016, its pitfalls and macro regimes. The series is not reproduced here.
- [EUR/USD Exchange Rate History Since 1999](https://eco3min.fr/en/eur-usd-exchange-rate-history-dataset/): EUR/USD exchange rate history, daily, dollars per euro. Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED since 1999. Covers the 2008 high and 2022 parity. CSV, Python/R.
- [Euro Area 10Y Yield — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-10y-yield-all-issuers-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area 10Y Yield. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Euro Area Bank Loans Households — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-bank-loans-households-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area Bank Loans Households. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Euro Area Bank Loans NFC — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-bank-loans-nfc-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area Bank Loans NFC. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Euro Area CISS: Systemic Stress Indicator Data Since 1999](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-ciss-systemic-stress-dataset/): Euro area CISS (Composite Indicator of Systemic Stress), monthly since 1999. ECB measure of stress across five markets. CSV, Excel, Python/R.
- [Euro Area Deposit Facility Rate — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-real-deposit-facility-rate-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area Deposit Facility Rate. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Euro Area GDP — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-gdp-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area GDP. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Euro Area HICP Food Inflation — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-hicp-food-inflation-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area HICP Food Inflation. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Euro Area HICP Index Level — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-hicp-index-level-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area HICP Index Level. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Euro Area HICP Inflation — ECB Dataset (1997–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-hicp-inflation-dataset/): Download euro area HICP inflation data from the ECB. Monthly headline inflation since 1997 — the key metric driving ECB monetary policy and interest rate decisions.
- [Euro Area HICP Services Inflation — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-hicp-services-inflation-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area HICP Services Inflation. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Euro Area Industrial Production — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-industrial-production-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area Industrial Production. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Euro Area M3 Growth Rate — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-m3-growth-rate-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area M3 Growth Rate. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Euro Area M3 Money Supply — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-m3-money-supply-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area M3 Money Supply. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Euro Area Unemployment Rate — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-unemployment-rate-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area Unemployment Rate. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [European Natural Gas Price History Since 1992 (TTF From 2015)](https://eco3min.fr/en/ttf-gas-price-history-dataset/): European natural gas price history, monthly, USD/MMBtu, World Bank Pink Sheet since 1992 (Dutch TTF from April 2015). Covers the 2022 record. CSV.
- [Excess CAPE Yield: Inverse CAPE Minus Real 10Y Yield Since 1881](https://eco3min.fr/en/excess-cape-yield-dataset/): Excess CAPE Yield monthly: 1/CAPE minus real 10-year Treasury yield. Robert Shiller methodology, Eco3min composite since 1881. CSV download, Python/R.
- [Fed Balance Sheet to GDP Ratio: Assets as Share of GDP Since 2003](https://eco3min.fr/en/fed-balance-sheet-gdp-ratio-dataset/): Fed Balance Sheet to GDP Ratio quarterly: WALCL divided by US nominal GDP. Eco3min composite since 2003 capturing the QE era. CSV, Python/R.
- [FEDFUNDS: Effective Federal Funds Rate Monthly Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/federal-funds-rate-history-dataset/): FEDFUNDS monthly effective Federal Funds Rate from FRED since 1954 — NY Fed source data. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [France 10Y Government Bond Yield — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-10y-government-bond-yield-dataset/): Direct download for the France 10Y Government Bond Yield. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [France Bank Mortgage Spread: Monthly Data Since 2014](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-mortgage-spread-dataset/): France bank mortgage spread: new fixed-rate mortgage rate minus 10-year OAT yield. Eco3min composite, monthly from 2014. CSV, Excel, Python and R.
- [France Consumer Price Index: Monthly Data Since 1990](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-consumer-price-index-dataset/): France consumer price index monthly since 1990: INSEE national CPI, chained across bases into one continuous series. CSV, Excel, JSON, Python and R.
- [France Corporate Loan Rate: Monthly Data Since 2003](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-corporate-loan-rate-dataset/): France corporate loan interest rate monthly since 2003: Banque de France MIR rate on new loans to non-financial firms. CSV, Excel, JSON, Python and R.
- [France Germany 10Y Spread — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-germany-10y-sovereign-spread-dataset/): Direct download for the France Germany 10Y Spread. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [France Home Price-to-Income Ratio Dataset (1965–2025)](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-home-price-to-income-ratio-friggit-dataset/): Download the France Home Price-to-Income Ratio (Friggit Curve) dataset covering 1965–2025. CSV and Excel files with annual historical data.
- [France House Price Index: Quarterly Data Since 1996](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-house-price-index-dataset/): France house price index quarterly data since 1996: Notaires-INSEE existing dwelling prices, chained and rebased. CSV, Excel, JSON, Python and R.
- [France Inflation Rate: Monthly Data Since 1991](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-inflation-rate-dataset/): France inflation rate monthly since 1991: INSEE national CPI year-over-year, derived from a chained level series. CSV, Excel, JSON, Python and R.
- [France Minimum Wage: Hourly SMIC Data Since 1951](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-minimum-wage-dataset/): France minimum wage monthly since 1951: the INSEE gross hourly SMIC, 908 observations covering SMIG and SMIC. CSV, Excel, JSON, Python and R.
- [France Mortgage Rate: Monthly Data Since 2014](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-mortgage-rate-dataset/): France mortgage rate monthly since 2014: Banque de France MIR rate on new fixed-rate housing loans, the effective contracted rate. CSV, Excel and JSON.
- [France Real GDP: Quarterly Volume Data Since 1949](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-real-gdp-dataset/): France real GDP quarterly since 1949: INSEE chain-linked volumes, seasonally and working-day adjusted, 310 observations. CSV, Excel, JSON, Python and R.
- [France Real House Price Index: Data Since 1996](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-real-house-price-index-dataset/): France real house price index quarterly since 1996: Notaires-INSEE prices deflated by the national CPI. Eco3min composite. CSV, Excel, Python and R.
- [France Real Minimum Wage: Monthly Data Since 1990](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-real-minimum-wage-dataset/): France real minimum wage monthly since 1990: the hourly SMIC deflated by the INSEE consumer price index. Eco3min composite. CSV, Excel, Python and R.
- [France Real Rent Reference Index: Data Since 2002](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-real-rent-index-dataset/): France real rent index quarterly since 2002: the legal IRL deflated by the INSEE consumer price index. Eco3min composite. CSV, Excel, Python and R.
- [France Rent Reference Index (IRL): Data Since 2002](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-rent-reference-index-dataset/): France rent reference index IRL quarterly since 2002: the INSEE index used to revise residential rents, full history in one file. CSV, Excel and JSON.
- [France SME Borrowing Premium: Monthly Data Since 2003](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-sme-borrowing-premium-dataset/): France SME borrowing premium: rate on small corporate loans minus large ones. Eco3min composite, monthly from 2003, negative in 32 months. CSV and Excel.
- [France Unemployment Rate: Quarterly Data Since 1975](https://eco3min.fr/en/france-unemployment-rate-dataset/): France unemployment rate quarterly since 1975: the INSEE ILO-definition rate, seasonally adjusted, 205 observations. CSV, Excel, JSON, Python and R.
- [GBP/USD Exchange Rate History Since 1971](https://eco3min.fr/en/gbp-usd-exchange-rate-history-dataset/): GBP/USD exchange rate history, daily, dollars per pound. Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED since 1971. Covers Black Wednesday 1992 and Brexit. CSV, Python/R.
- [GDPC1: Real US GDP Quarterly Level Since 1947](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-real-gdp-level-dataset/): GDPC1 quarterly real US GDP from FRED — chained 2017 dollars since 1947, over 300 observations. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [Germany 10-Year Bund Yield History Since 1956](https://eco3min.fr/en/germany-10y-bund-yield-history-dataset/): Germany 10-year Bund yield history, monthly percent. OECD via FRED since 1956. Covers the euro-crisis safe haven and 2019-2022 negative yields. CSV, Python/R.
- [Germany 10Y Government Bond Yield — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/germany-10y-government-bond-yield-dataset/): Direct download for the Germany 10Y Government Bond Yield. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [GFDEBTN: US Total Public Debt, Quarterly Level Since 1966](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-total-public-debt-dataset/): Gross outstanding federal debt, quarterly since 1966 from the US Treasury via FRED, from $316bn to $39tn: the measure behind every debt-ceiling debate.
- [GFDEGDQ188S: US Federal Debt to GDP Quarterly Since 1966](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-federal-debt-to-gdp-dataset/): GFDEGDQ188S quarterly US federal debt to GDP ratio from FRED. Series since 1966. CSV and Excel download, Python/R examples.
- [GOLD-OIL-RATIO — Daily CSV Download (Gold/Oil Ratio)](https://eco3min.fr/en/gold-oil-ratio-dataset/): Direct download for the GOLD-OIL-RATIO (Gold/Oil Ratio). Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [GOLDPMGBD228NLBM: Gold Price USD Monthly Data Since 1960](https://eco3min.fr/en/gold-price-history-dataset/): GOLDPMGBD228NLBM is the FRED tag for the London Gold PM Fix. Eco3min provides the World Bank monthly gold price USD series since 1960, CSV.
- [HOUST: US Housing Starts, Monthly SAAR FRED Series Since 1959](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-housing-starts-dataset/): New privately-owned housing units started, monthly at an annual rate since 1959 from Census and HUD: the most rate-sensitive real activity series in US
- [HSN1F: US New Home Sales, Monthly SAAR FRED Series Since 1963](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-new-home-sales-dataset/): Sales of newly built single-family houses, monthly at an annual rate since 1963 from Census and HUD: a small but forward-looking slice of the housing
- [ICSA: US Initial Jobless Claims Weekly Data Since 1967](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-initial-jobless-claims-dataset/): ICSA weekly initial jobless claims from FRED. 3,000+ observations since 1967. CSV and Excel downloads, Python and R examples.
- [INDPRO: US Industrial Production Monthly Index 1919–2026](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-industrial-production-dataset/): INDPRO monthly US industrial production index from FRED (Federal Reserve G.17). Manufacturing, mining, utilities output since 1919. CSV, Python/R.
- [Iron Ore Price History: Monthly Data Since 2006](https://eco3min.fr/en/iron-ore-price-history-dataset/): Iron ore price history, monthly spot CFR China in USD per dry metric ton (62% Fe), World Bank Pink Sheet since 2006. Covers the 2021 record. CSV.
- [Italy 10Y Government Bond Yield — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/italy-10y-government-bond-yield-dataset/): Direct download for the Italy 10Y Government Bond Yield. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Italy Germany 10Y Spread — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/italy-germany-10y-sovereign-spread-dataset/): Direct download for the Italy Germany 10Y Spread. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Japan 10-Year Bond Yield History Since 1989](https://eco3min.fr/en/japan-10y-government-bond-yield-history-dataset/): Japan 10-year government bond (JGB) yield history, monthly percent. OECD via FRED since 1989. Covers ZIRP, YCC, and the 2023-2026 exit. CSV, Python/R.
- [JTSHIL: US Total Hires, Monthly JOLTS Level Since 2000 (FRED)](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-hires-jolts-dataset/): Total nonfarm hires completed each month from the BLS JOLTS survey since 2000: the realized side of labor demand, where openings measure intent.
- [JTSJOL: US Job Openings, Monthly JOLTS Level Since 2000 (FRED)](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-job-openings-dataset/): Total nonfarm job openings from the BLS JOLTS survey, monthly since 2000: labor demand in one number, from 12.3m at the peak to well below.
- [JTSLDL: US Layoffs and Discharges, JOLTS Level Since 2000](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-layoffs-jolts-dataset/): Involuntary separations each month from the BLS JOLTS survey since 2000: 1.7 to 2m in a normal month, 13.0m in March 2020. The record of forced job loss.
- [JTSQUR: US Quits Rate, Monthly JOLTS Data Since 2000 (FRED)](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-quits-rate-dataset/): Voluntary job separations as a share of employment, monthly since 2000 from the BLS JOLTS survey: the labor market's confidence gauge.
- [Lead Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/lead-price-history-dataset/): Lead price history, monthly since 1992, in USD per metric ton (LME): World Bank Pink Sheet. Covers the 2007 record and the 2008 crash. CSV, Python/R.
- [LNG Price History: Japan Import Price Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/lng-japan-price-history-dataset/): LNG price history, monthly Japan import price (CIF) in USD/MMBtu, World Bank Pink Sheet since 1992. Covers the 2022 record. CSV, Python/R.
- [M2 Growth Rate — Daily CSV Download (Money Supply YoY Change)](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-m2-growth-rate-dataset/): Direct daily updated download for the M2 Growth Rate dataset (Money Supply YoY Change). Get historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [M2 to GDP Ratio: US Money Supply as Share of GDP Since 1959](https://eco3min.fr/en/m2-gdp-ratio-dataset/): M2 to GDP Ratio quarterly: US broad money supply (M2SL) divided by nominal GDP. Eco3min composite since 1959 — the monetization indicator. CSV.
- [M2SL: US Money Supply M2 Monthly Data Since 1959](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-m2-money-supply-dataset/): M2SL monthly US M2 money supply from FRED. 60+ years of data since 1959 with pre-calculated YoY growth. CSV, Excel, Python and R examples.
- [Macro-Financial Indicators: How to Read Market Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/macro-financial-indicators-market-data/): Real rates, yield curve, credit spreads, VIX, and net liquidity: learn how to read the macro-financial indicators that drive market movements.
- [Mont Belvieu Propane Spot Price: Daily EIA Series Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/propane-spot-price-dataset/): Daily wholesale propane at the Texas hub that anchors US natural-gas-liquids trading, from the EIA since 1992: heating, crop drying and petrochemical
- [Mortgage Spread: 30Y Mortgage Minus 10Y Treasury Weekly](https://eco3min.fr/en/mortgage-spread-dataset/): Mortgage Spread weekly data: 30-year fixed mortgage rate minus 10-year Treasury yield. Eco3min composite from Freddie Mac and FRED since 1971. CSV, Python/R.
- [MORTGAGE30US: US 30-Year Mortgage Rate Weekly Data Since 1971](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-30-year-mortgage-rate-dataset/): MORTGAGE30US weekly 30-year US fixed mortgage rate from Freddie Mac PMMS via FRED. Since 1971. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [NASDAQCOM: Nasdaq Composite Index Daily Data Since 1971](https://eco3min.fr/en/nasdaq-composite-index-dataset/): NASDAQCOM daily Nasdaq Composite Index closing values from FRED. Over 13,000 observations since 1971. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [Net Liquidity Index — Daily CSV Download (WALCL – TGA – RRP)](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-net-liquidity-index-dataset/): Direct daily updated download for the Net Liquidity Index dataset (WALCL – TGA – RRP). Get historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [NFCI: Chicago Fed Financial Conditions Index Weekly Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-conditions-index-dataset/): NFCI weekly Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index since 1971. Composite of 105 indicators across money, debt, equity & banking. CSV, Python/R.
- [Nickel Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/nickel-price-history-dataset/): Nickel price history, monthly since 1992, in USD per metric ton (LME): World Bank Pink Sheet. Covers the 2007 record and the 2022 LME squeeze. CSV, Python/R.
- [NY Harbor Heating Oil Spot Price: Daily EIA Series Since 1986](https://eco3min.fr/en/heating-oil-spot-price-dataset/): Daily wholesale No. 2 heating oil at the US Northeast hub, from the EIA since 1986: one of the longest daily refined-product price histories available.
- [NY Harbor ULSD Spot Price: Daily EIA Diesel Series Since 2006](https://eco3min.fr/en/ulsd-spot-price-dataset/): Daily wholesale ultra-low-sulfur diesel at the US Northeast hub, from the EIA since 2006: the benchmark leading retail ULSD and NYMEX diesel futures.
- [ON RRP Drained $2.55T While the Fed Tightened $2.26T (2022–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/on-rrp-qt-offset-dataset/): Between 2022 and 2026, $2.55 trillion drained from the Fed's reverse repo facility — closely tracking the $2.26T in simultaneous QT (correlation: 0.96).
- [OPHNFB: US Labor Productivity YoY Growth, Quarterly](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-labor-productivity-dataset/): Year-over-year growth in nonfarm output per hour since 1948: the variable behind living standards and the inflation-safe speed limit for wages.
- [Palm Oil Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/palm-oil-price-history-dataset/): Palm oil price history, monthly, USD per metric ton: World Bank Pink Sheet (Malaysia) since 1992. Covers the 2008 boom and the record 2022 spike. CSV, Python/R.
- [PAYEMS: US Nonfarm Payrolls Monthly Data Since 1939](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-nonfarm-payrolls-dataset/): PAYEMS monthly nonfarm payrolls from FRED — 1,000+ observations since 1939. CSV and Excel downloads, Python and R examples.
- [PCEPI: US PCE Price Index Monthly Data Since 1959](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-pce-inflation-dataset/): PCEPI monthly US Personal Consumption Expenditures price index from FRED — the Fed's 2% inflation target measure since 1959. CSV, Excel, Python/R.
- [PCEPILFE: Core PCE — Fed's Preferred Inflation Gauge](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-core-pce-inflation-dataset/): PCEPILFE monthly Core PCE from FRED — BEA chain-weighted price index, the Fed's 2% target metric. CSV and Excel download, Python/R.
- [Copper Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/copper-price-history-dataset/): Copper price history, monthly since 1992 in US dollars per metric ton, from the World Bank Pink Sheet (LME settlement). CSV and Excel files, Python and R examples.
- [PERMIT: US Building Permits, Monthly SAAR Since 1960](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-building-permits-dataset/): New housing units authorized by permit, monthly at an annual rate since 1960 from Census: the front of the construction pipeline and a leading indicator.
- [PPIACO: US Producer Price Index Monthly Data Since 1913](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-producer-price-index-dataset/): PPIACO monthly US Producer Price Index All Commodities from FRED — BLS pipeline inflation gauge since 1913. CSV, Excel, Python/R download.
- [PSAVERT: US Personal Savings Rate Monthly Data Since 1959](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-personal-savings-rate-dataset/): PSAVERT monthly US personal savings rate from BEA via FRED. Share of disposable income saved by households since 1959. CSV, Python/R examples.
- [Real 2-Year Treasury Yield: 2Y Minus CPI Monthly Since 1976](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-2-year-treasury-yield-dataset/): Real 2-Year Treasury Yield monthly data: nominal 2Y Treasury yield minus CPI YoY inflation. Eco3min composite from FRED since 1976. CSV, Python/R.
- [Real Corporate Bond Yield: BAA Minus CPI Monthly Since 1953](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-corporate-bond-yield-dataset/): Real Corporate Bond Yield monthly data: Moody's BAA seasoned corporate yield minus CPI YoY inflation. Eco3min composite from FRED since 1953. CSV, Python/R.
- [Real Crude Oil Price — Daily CSV Download (WTI CPI-Adjusted Oil Price)](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-crude-oil-price-dataset/): Direct daily updated download for the Real Crude Oil Price dataset (WTI CPI-Adjusted Oil Price). Get historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Real Federal Funds Rate: Fed Funds Minus CPI Monthly Since 1954](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-federal-funds-rate-dataset/): Real Federal Funds Rate monthly: effective Fed Funds rate minus CPI year-over-year inflation. Eco3min composite since 1954. CSV, Python/R.
- [Real Gold Price — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-gold-price-cpi-adjusted-dataset/): Direct download for the Real Gold Price dataset. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [Real Interest Rates: 10Y Treasury Minus CPI Annual Since 1953](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-interest-rates-history-dataset/): Real Interest Rates: 10-year US Treasury yield minus CPI inflation. Annual Eco3min composite since 1953. CSV download, Python/R examples.
- [Real US Home Price Index: Case-Shiller Adjusted for CPI Since 1987](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-real-housing-price-index-dataset/): Real US Home Price Index monthly: Case-Shiller National (CSUSHPINSA) divided by CPI-U, rebased. Eco3min composite since 1987. CSV download, Python/R.
- [Real Wage Growth: US Nominal Earnings Minus CPI Inflation Monthly](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-real-wage-growth-dataset/): Real wage growth monthly data: US nominal average hourly earnings YoY minus CPI inflation. Eco3min composite since 1964. CSV, Python/R download.
- [Rice Price History: Monthly Data Since 2010](https://eco3min.fr/en/rice-price-history-dataset/): Rice price history, monthly, USD per metric ton (Thai 5% broken): World Bank Pink Sheet since May 2010. Covers the 2023 India export ban and the 2025 low. CSV.
- [RRPONTSYD: Overnight Reverse Repo Facility Daily Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/overnight-reverse-repo-facility-dataset/): RRPONTSYD daily Overnight Reverse Repo Facility take-up from FRED since 2003. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples, regime context.
- [Rubber Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/rubber-price-history-dataset/): Natural rubber price history, monthly, USD/kg: RSS3 from the World Bank Pink Sheet since 1992. Covers the 2011 peak and the 2024-2026 rally. CSV, Python/R.
- [S&P 500 Dividend Yield: Historical Data Since 1871](https://eco3min.fr/en/sp500-dividend-yield-dataset/): S&P 500 dividend yield monthly data from Robert Shiller's Yale dataset — over 150 years of continuous monthly series since 1871. CSV, Python/R examples.
- [S&P 500 Earnings Yield: TTM Earnings Over Price Monthly Since 1871](https://eco3min.fr/en/sp500-earnings-yield-dataset/): S&P 500 Earnings Yield: trailing 12-month earnings divided by index price. Monthly Eco3min composite from Shiller data since 1871. CSV download, Python/R.
- [S&P 500 Historical Data (1950–2026) — Returns, Crashes & Long-Term Trends](https://eco3min.fr/en/sp500-price-index-dataset/): 70+ years of S&P 500 history: crashes, bull markets, and long-term returns. Understand what drives equity performance.
- [S&P 500 Historical Returns — Daily CSV Download (Equity Returns)](https://eco3min.fr/en/sp500-historical-returns-dataset/): Direct daily updated download for the S&P 500 Historical Returns dataset (Equity Returns). Get historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [S&P 500 PE Ratio: Historical Data Since 1871](https://eco3min.fr/en/sp500-pe-ratio-dataset/): S&P 500 PE Ratio monthly data from Robert Shiller's Yale ie_data.xls — trailing 12-month P/E since 1871. CSV, Excel, Python and R examples.
- [SAHMREALTIME: Sahm Rule Real-Time Recession Indicator](https://eco3min.fr/en/sahm-rule-recession-indicator-dataset/): SAHMREALTIME monthly Sahm Rule real-time recession signal from FRED — unemployment-based indicator since 1959. CSV, Excel, Python/R download.
- [Share of U.S. Wealth by Generation (1989–2026 Fed Data)](https://eco3min.fr/en/share-of-us-wealth-by-generation/): Baby Boomers hold 51.6% of U.S. household wealth and Millennials 11% (2026, Fed data). Under-40 households hold 6.6%, down from 12% in 1989. Full dataset.
- [Silver Price History: Monthly Data in USD Since 1960](https://eco3min.fr/en/silver-price-history-dataset/): Silver price history monthly data in USD per troy ounce since 1960 from World Bank Pink Sheet. CSV download, Python/R examples.
- [Soybeans Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/soybeans-price-history-dataset/): Soybeans price history, monthly, USD per metric ton: World Bank Pink Sheet physical price since 1992. Covers the 2012 drought and the 2022 record. CSV, Python/R.
- [Sugar Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/sugar-price-history-dataset/): Sugar price history, monthly, in USD/kg: World Bank Pink Sheet (ISA raw sugar) since 1992. Covers the 2011 peak and 2023 El Nino spike. CSV, Python/R.
- [T10Y2Y: 10Y–2Y US Treasury Yield Spread Daily Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/yield-curve-inversion-history-dataset/): T10Y2Y daily 10-year minus 2-year US Treasury spread from FRED since 1976. Every yield curve inversion tracked. CSV download, Python/R.
- [T10Y3M: 10-Year Minus 3-Month Treasury Spread Daily Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/yield-curve-spread-10y-3m-dataset/): T10Y3M daily 10-year minus 3-month US Treasury yield spread from FRED. Since 1982, 11,000+ observations. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [T10YIE: 10-Year US Breakeven Inflation Daily Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-10-year-breakeven-inflation-dataset/): T10YIE daily 10-year US breakeven inflation rate from FRED. Since 2003, 5,000+ observations. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [T5YIE: 5-Year US Breakeven Inflation Daily Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-5-year-breakeven-inflation-dataset/): T5YIE daily 5-year US breakeven inflation rate from FRED. Since 2003, 5,000+ observations. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [Tea Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/tea-price-history-dataset/): Tea price history, monthly, USD/kg: Mombasa/Nairobi auction price from the World Bank Pink Sheet since 1992. Covers the 2015 record. CSV, Python/R.
- [The 5Y/10Y Breakeven Curve Has Flipped (2003–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/inflation-breakeven-term-structure/): The 10Y US breakeven exceeded the 5Y in 120 of 120 months from 2010–2019. Since 2021, that's reversed in 45 of 61 months. FRED data, citation required.
- [Tin Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/tin-price-history-dataset/): Tin price history, monthly since 1992, in USD per metric ton (LME): World Bank Pink Sheet. Covers the 2022 crisis and the 2026 record. CSV, Python/R.
- [TOTRESNS: US Bank Reserves Monthly Data from FRED](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-bank-reserves-dataset/): TOTRESNS monthly US bank reserves at the Federal Reserve from FRED. Data since 2001. CSV, Excel, Python and R examples, instant download.
- [Trimmed Mean PCE: 12-Month Core Inflation Data Since 1978](https://eco3min.fr/en/trimmed-mean-pce-inflation-dataset/): Trimmed Mean PCE inflation rate, 12-month, monthly since 1978. Dallas Fed core measure that trims price outliers. CSV, Excel, Python/R.
- [U6RATE: US U-6 Unemployment Rate, Monthly Since 1994](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-u6-unemployment-rate-dataset/): The broadest official measure of labor underutilization since 1994: standard unemployment plus marginally attached and involuntary part-time workers.
- [UK 10-Year Gilt Yield History Since 1960](https://eco3min.fr/en/uk-10y-government-bond-yield-history-dataset/): UK 10-year gilt yield history, monthly percent. OECD via FRED since 1960. Covers 1970s inflation, QE lows, and the 2022 mini-budget crisis. CSV, Python/R.
- [ULCNFB: US Unit Labor Costs YoY Growth, Quarterly Since 1948](https://eco3min.fr/en/unit-labor-costs-dataset/): The wage-price loop in one series: nonfarm labor cost per unit of output, equal to compensation growth minus productivity growth, quarterly since 1948.
- [UMCSENT: U. Michigan Consumer Sentiment Monthly Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-consumer-sentiment-dataset/): UMCSENT monthly US consumer sentiment data from the University of Michigan via FRED. Series since 1952. CSV and Excel download, Python/R examples.
- [UNRATE: US Unemployment Rate Monthly Data Since 1948](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-unemployment-rate-dataset/): UNRATE monthly US unemployment rate from FRED — 930+ observations since 1948. CSV and Excel downloads, Python and R examples.
- [Uranium Price History: Monthly Spot Price Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/uranium-price-history-dataset/): Uranium price history: what the monthly spot U3O8 series (IMF, FRED PURANUSDM) measures since 1992, its pitfalls and regimes. The series is not reproduced here.
- [uro Area 10Y Yield AAA — Daily CSV Download](https://eco3min.fr/en/euro-area-10y-yield-aaa-dataset/): Direct download for the Euro Area 10Y Yield AAA. Get the daily updated historical data in CSV format. Instant access, no signup.
- [US 3-2-1 Crack Spread: Daily Refining Margin Data Since 1986](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-321-crack-spread-dataset/): US 3-2-1 crack spread daily: (2×gasoline + distillate − 3×WTI)÷3 per barrel. Eco3min composite from EIA spot since 1986. CSV, Python/R.
- [US Commercial Electricity Price: Monthly EIA Rate Since 2001](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-commercial-electricity-price-dataset/): National average retail power rate paid by businesses and institutions in cents per kWh, monthly from the EIA since 2001: the services-economy power cost.
- [US Equity Risk Premium: E/P Minus 10Y Treasury Since 1871](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-equity-risk-premium-dataset/): US Equity Risk Premium monthly: S&P 500 trailing earnings yield minus 10-year Treasury yield. Eco3min calculation using Shiller data since 1871. CSV.
- [US Federal Interest Payments to GDP: Ratio Since 1947](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-interest-payments-to-gdp-dataset/): Eco3min composite: federal debt service as a share of the economy, BEA interest expenditures divided by nominal GDP, quarterly since 1947.
- [US Federal Interest Payments: Quarterly BEA Series Since 1947](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-federal-interest-payments-dataset/): Federal current interest expenditures, quarterly at an annual rate since 1947 from the BEA, from $5bn after WWII to $1.22tn: the rising cost of the debt.
- [US Gulf Coast Jet Fuel Spot Price: Daily EIA Series Since 1990](https://eco3min.fr/en/jet-fuel-spot-price-dataset/): Daily wholesale kerosene-type jet fuel at the US refining heartland, from the EIA since 1990: typically an airline's largest or second-largest operating
- [US Household Debt to GDP: Quarterly Ratio Since 1947](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-household-debt-gdp-dataset/): US household debt to GDP quarterly since 1947: Fed Z.1 household debt divided by nominal GDP, Eco3min composite. Peak 98% in 2008, 65.8% in Q2 2026. CSV, Excel, Python and R.
- [US Industrial Electricity Price: Monthly EIA Rate Since 2001](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-industrial-electricity-price-dataset/): National average retail power rate paid by manufacturers in cents per kWh, monthly from the EIA since 2001: the lowest of the three customer classes.
- [US Inflation Regime Score — Monthly Composite](https://eco3min.fr/en/eco3min-inflation-regime-score-us-dataset/): Monthly US inflation regime score combining headline CPI, core CPI and 5Y5Y breakeven expectations. 23-year history, 5 regimes, CSV download.
- [US On-Highway Diesel Retail Price: Weekly EIA Since 1994](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-diesel-retail-price-dataset/): National average pump price for No. 2 diesel, weekly from the EIA since 1994 in dollars per gallon: the fuel of freight and a direct input to shipping
- [US Premium Gasoline Retail Price: Weekly EIA Series Since 1994](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-gasoline-premium-retail-price-dataset/): National average pump price for premium-grade gasoline, weekly from the EIA since 1994: read for the premium-to-regular spread, typically $0.40 to $0.90.
- [US Real Mortgage Rate: 30-Year Minus CPI YoY, Monthly Since 1971](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-real-mortgage-rate-dataset/): US Real Mortgage Rate monthly: 30-year fixed mortgage minus CPI YoY inflation. Eco3min composite since 1971. CSV download, Python/R examples.
- [US Refinery Utilization Rate: Weekly EIA Data Since 1990](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-refinery-utilization-rate-dataset/): US refinery utilization rate: weekly percent of operable capacity from EIA since 1990. Supply-side gauge of US refining. CSV, Excel, Python/R.
- [US Regular Gasoline Retail Price: Weekly EIA Series Since 1990](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-gasoline-retail-price-dataset/): National average pump price for regular gasoline, weekly from the EIA since 1990 in dollars per gallon: the most-watched energy price in American daily
- [US Residential Electricity Price: Monthly EIA Rate Since 2001](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-residential-electricity-price-dataset/): National average retail power rate paid by households in cents per kWh, monthly from the EIA since 2001: the number behind the power bill.
- [US Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel Retail Price: Weekly EIA Since 2007](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-ulsd-retail-price-dataset/): National average pump price for ULSD meeting the 0-15 ppm standard, weekly from the EIA since 2007: the mandated on-highway diesel specification.
- [USD/BRL Exchange Rate History Since 1995](https://eco3min.fr/en/usd-brl-exchange-rate-history-dataset/): USD/BRL exchange rate history, daily, real per dollar. Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED since 1995. Covers the 1999 float and 2015 slump. CSV, Python/R.
- [USD/CAD Exchange Rate History Since 1971](https://eco3min.fr/en/usd-cad-exchange-rate-history-dataset/): USD/CAD exchange rate history, daily, Canadian dollars per US dollar. Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED since 1971. Oil-linked. CSV, Python/R.
- [USD/CHF Exchange Rate History Since 1971](https://eco3min.fr/en/usd-chf-exchange-rate-history-dataset/): USD/CHF exchange rate history, daily, francs per dollar. Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED since 1971. Covers the 2015 SNB peg removal. CSV, Python/R.
- [USD/CNY Exchange Rate History Since 1981](https://eco3min.fr/en/usd-cny-exchange-rate-history-dataset/): USD/CNY exchange rate history, daily, yuan per dollar. Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED since 1981. Covers the 1994 peg and 2015 devaluation. CSV, Python/R.
- [USD/INR Exchange Rate History Since 1973](https://eco3min.fr/en/usd-inr-exchange-rate-history-dataset/): USD/INR exchange rate history, daily, rupee per dollar. Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED since 1973. Covers the 2013 taper tantrum and record lows. CSV, Python/R.
- [USD/JPY Exchange Rate History Since 1971](https://eco3min.fr/en/usd-jpy-exchange-rate-history-dataset/): USD/JPY exchange rate history, daily, yen per dollar. Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED since 1971. Covers Plaza 1985 and the 2022-2024 yen slide. CSV, Python/R.
- [USD/MXN Exchange Rate History Since 1993](https://eco3min.fr/en/usd-mxn-exchange-rate-history-dataset/): USD/MXN exchange rate history, daily, peso per dollar. Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED since 1993. Covers the 1994 Tequila crisis. CSV, Python/R.
- [USD/ZAR Exchange Rate History Since 1980](https://eco3min.fr/en/usd-zar-exchange-rate-history-dataset/): USD/ZAR exchange rate history, daily, rand per dollar. Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED since 1980. Covers the Fragile Five era. CSV, Python/R.
- [VIXCLS: CBOE VIX Index Daily Closing Values Since 1990](https://eco3min.fr/en/vix-volatility-index-dataset/): VIXCLS daily CBOE VIX index from FRED since 1990 — implied volatility of S&P 500 options. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples.
- [WALCL: Fed Balance Sheet Weekly Data Since 2002](https://eco3min.fr/en/fed-balance-sheet-dataset/): WALCL weekly Federal Reserve balance sheet total assets from FRED since 2002. CSV and Excel downloads, Python/R examples, regime context.
- [Wheat Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/wheat-price-history-dataset/): Wheat price history, monthly, USD/t: US Hard Red Winter Gulf export price from the World Bank Pink Sheet since 1992. Covers the 2022 record. CSV, Python/R.
- [WTREGEN: US Treasury General Account Weekly Data from FRED](https://eco3min.fr/en/treasury-general-account-dataset/): WTREGEN weekly Treasury General Account balance from FRED. 500+ observations since July 2015. CSV, Excel, Python and R examples download.
- [Zinc Price History: Monthly Data Since 1992](https://eco3min.fr/en/zinc-price-history-dataset/): Zinc price history, monthly since 1992, in USD per metric ton (LME): World Bank Pink Sheet. Covers the 2006 record and the 2022 spike. CSV, Python/R.
- [€STR : Euro Short-Term Rate, série BCE quotidienne depuis 2019](https://eco3min.fr/en/estr-euro-short-term-rate-ecb-overnight-rate-dataset-2019-2026/): Le taux de référence au jour le jour sans risque de la BCE, moyenne tronquée pondérée des emprunts non garantis des banques de la zone euro.

## English — Interactive tools

- [Compound Interest Calculator: Investment Growth, Returns & Savings](https://eco3min.fr/en/compound-interest-calculator-investment-growth/): Calculate compound interest and estimate investment growth, returns, and monthly savings. Visualize how compounding impacts your capital over time.
- [Debt capacity & remaining budget simulator](https://eco3min.fr/en/debt-capacity-disposable-income-simulator/): Beyond the debt-to-income ratio (HCSF 35% cap), your remaining budget decides a loan's real sustainability. Free simulator with per-person view.
- [Debt Repayment vs Savings: Trade-off Simulator](https://eco3min.fr/en/debt-repayment-savings-tradeoff-simulator/): Simulator comparing debt repayment and savings under explicit assumptions on rates, inflation and horizon. An analytical framework, not a universal answer.
- [ECB Meeting Calendar: Rate Decision Dates and Times](https://eco3min.fr/en/ecb-meeting-calendar/): The ECB's eight Governing Council meetings a year, decision and press-conference times in CET and ET, projection meetings flagged, with a countdown to
- [Emerging Markets: FX & Rate Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/emerging-markets/): Emerging-market datasets: Chinese yuan, Indian rupee, Brazilian real, Mexican peso, South African rand exchange rates and Brazil's Selic rate.
- [Financial Resilience Simulator — Stress-Test Your Safety Margin](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-resilience-simulator-shock-absorption/): Assess how long your finances can withstand inflation, rate hikes, or income shocks. Measure your true financial resilience and safety margin.
- [FOMC Meeting Calendar: Fed Decision Dates and Times](https://eco3min.fr/en/fomc-meeting-calendar/): The Fed's eight FOMC meetings a year on dates published over a year ahead, each rate decision at 2:00 PM ET, with the next decision and a countdown.
- [Fuel Burden Calculator: Your Fuel as a Share of Income](https://eco3min.fr/en/fuel-burden-calculator/): Calculate your fuel spend as a share of net income from your mileage and pump price, and see how a price shock moves it. No sign-up. Eco3min.
- [Heatmap: asset performance by macro regime](https://eco3min.fr/en/asset-performance-by-macro-regime/): Median monthly return of equities, bonds, gold and energy by U.S. macro regime. Interactive, descriptive heatmap.
- [How to cite Eco3min — BibTeX, APA, Chicago, Markdown formats](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-cite-eco3min/): Citation guide for Eco3min datasets, studies and analyses: copyable BibTeX, APA, Chicago and Markdown formats. Text under CC BY 4.0, data under source terms.
- [Interest Rate Risk: Wealth Sensitivity Simulator](https://eco3min.fr/en/interest-rate-risk-sensitivity-simulator/): Interest rate risk sensitivity simulator. Analyse how a rate variation affects credit, savings and wealth across scenarios, with no implicit market hypothesis.
- [Macro-financial crises timeline (1929-2022)](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-crises-timeline/): Eleven major financial crises (1929-2022) sorted by the macro regime each tipped the economy into. Interactive timeline; every episode links to its analysis.
- [Macro-Financial Glossary: Reference Definitions](https://eco3min.fr/en/glossary/): Reference definitions of the indicators, ratios and concepts used across Eco3min. Each term links to its reference page with data, methodology and
- [Macro-financial regime comparator — two moments](https://eco3min.fr/en/macro-regime-comparator/): Compare any two historical months: macro drivers… and the classified regime of each, side by side
- [Monthly Savings Calculator — How Much to Save to Reach Your Goal](https://eco3min.fr/en/monthly-savings-calculator-target-goal/): Calculate how much you need to save each month to reach a financial goal. Includes compound interest, time horizon, and return assumptions.
- [Rate-shock calculator: the monthly cost of a variable-rate loan](https://eco3min.fr/en/variable-rate-shock-calculator/): How much does a rate jump add to a variable-rate mortgage payment? A calculator for the extra cost, and how the risk depends on the loan's structure.
- [Real Return Calculator (After Inflation) — Formula, Table & Simulator](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-return-after-inflation-calculator/): Calculate your real return after inflation using the Fisher equation. Free simulator, examples, and full table to measure the true purchasing power of your investments.
- [Reassuring Economic Indicators: Hidden Risks Behind Stable Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/reassuring-economic-indicators-hidden-risks/): Reassuring economic data can hide deeper imbalances. Understand why inflation, jobs, and markets may signal stability while risks build beneath the surface.
- [US Inflation Calculator: What a Dollar Was Worth Since 1913](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-inflation-calculator/): Convert the dollar's purchasing power between any two years since 1913 on BLS consumer price data. $100 in 1913 carried the purchasing power of roughly
- [US Macro Calendar: Fed, ECB, CPI, Jobs and GDP Dates](https://eco3min.fr/en/macro-calendar/): Fed and ECB meetings, US inflation prints, jobs reports and GDP releases, times in Eastern Time, projection meetings flagged, with a countdown to the
- [Watch the US Treasury Yield Curve Bend Through Time](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-treasury-yield-curve-through-time/): Scrub through four decades of the US Treasury yield curve and watch its shape bend year by year, from inversions to steepenings.

## English — Foundation articles

- [Diesel vs gasoline: why the crack spreads diverge](https://eco3min.fr/en/diesel-gasoline-crack-spreads-divergence/): Diesel and gasoline share crude but not season or customer. Correlated at 0.79, yet in 2022 the distillate crack hit $109 against $34.5 for gasoline that day.
- [Jet fuel crack: the margin the 3-2-1 leaves out](https://eco3min.fr/en/jet-fuel-crack-forgotten-refining-margin/): The jet crack, absent from the 3-2-1, is the one refining margin tied to air travel: a sub-USD 20 norm, a record USD 57 projected for 2026 (IATA data).
- [Pure-play refiners vs integrated majors: crack exposure](https://eco3min.fr/en/pure-play-refiners-vs-integrated-majors/): The pure-play refiner is directly exposed to the refining margin; the integrated major cushions it upstream. Mechanism and 2020–2024 evidence, all sourced.
- [Refinery utilisation rate: how to read the EIA series](https://eco3min.fr/en/refinery-utilization-rate-how-to-read/): The US refinery utilisation rate has averaged 89.7% since 1990. Why 90% means full, how turnarounds move the weekly series, and how to read the extremes.
- [The 3-2-1 crack spread explained: the formula](https://eco3min.fr/en/321-crack-spread-explained/): The 3-2-1 crack spread is a refinery's gross margin in one formula: (2 gasoline + distillate) x 14 minus WTI. The convention, the maths and what it leaves out.

## English — Beginner track

- [Costliest Investment Mistakes for Beginners](https://eco3min.fr/en/costliest-investment-mistakes-beginners/): Not 'panicking' or 'failing to diversify'. The structural errors stem from a misreading of the economic context. The Eco3min analytical guide.
- [How Much Should You Invest Per Month? (The Real Answer)](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-much-to-invest-per-month/): $100 or $500/month? The amount matters less than you think. Discover the 4 variables that actually drive results (time, real returns, fees, inflation) and what really builds wealth.
- [How to Start Investing: Step-by-Step Beginner's Guide](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-invest-for-beginners-guide/): Start investing without being a financial expert. Follow our practical roadmap: emergency fund, ETFs, dollar-cost averaging, and common mistakes to avoid.
- [PEA vs CTO: Simple Comparison for Investing in France](https://eco3min.fr/en/pea-vs-cto-brokerage-accounts/): Understand the difference between the French PEA and the standard brokerage account (CTO). Taxes, benefits, and limits explained for beginner investors.
- [Real vs Nominal Returns: The #1 Investing Concept Most People Miss](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-vs-nominal-returns/): A 5% return can mean losing money. Learn the difference between real and nominal returns, how inflation silently erodes wealth, and why most investors misread performance.
- [What is an ETF? Simple Explanation for Beginners](https://eco3min.fr/en/etf-explained-for-beginners/): Understand Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) simply. Discover why they are the best tool for beginners, their advantages, and the systemic risks to keep in mind.

## English — Case studies

- [IMO 2020: the regulatory shock to product spreads](https://eco3min.fr/en/imo-2020-marine-fuel-product-spreads-shock/): IMO 2020's 0.5% sulfur cap sent the VLSFO-HSFO spread to a 3 January 2020 record before COVID demand collapse blurred the whole effect on refining margins.
- [The 2022–2023 refining golden age, decoded](https://eco3min.fr/en/refining-golden-age-2022-2023-anatomy/): In 2022 the US 3-2-1 crack spread hit $41/bbl, 3.4 times its since-1986 norm. Anatomy of refining's golden age and the normalisation that settled higher since.

## English — Studies and major articles

### Actions et ETF

- [AI Capex 2025–2026: $1.1T vs Apollo, Marshall, Manhattan](https://eco3min.fr/en/ai-capex-vs-historical-mega-investments/)

### Asset Allocation Strategies

- [Best Investments 2026: Every Vehicle, Read by Regime](https://eco3min.fr/en/best-investments/)
- [Best S&P 500 ETF: The Criteria That Matter (2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/best-sp-500-etf/)
- [Best Short-Term Investments 2026: Yields by Horizon](https://eco3min.fr/en/best-short-term-investments/)
- [Bond ETFs and the rate regime: how each category behaves](https://eco3min.fr/en/bond-etf-rate-regime/)
- [Common investor behavioral mistakes](https://eco3min.fr/en/common-investor-behavioral-mistakes/)
- [Common mistakes about asset allocation](https://eco3min.fr/en/common-mistakes-about-asset-allocation/)
- [Gold's Portfolio Role Across the Real-Rate Regime](https://eco3min.fr/en/gold-portfolio-role-real-rate-regime/)
- [Guaranteed funds vs unit-linked: the rate regime](https://eco3min.fr/en/guaranteed-funds-unit-linked-rate-regime/)
- [How Much Do You Need to Retire? Gap, Vehicles, Math](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-much-do-you-need-to-retire/)
- [How to Buy Bitcoin: Exchanges, ETFs and Custody](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-buy-bitcoin/)
- [How to Buy Bonds: TreasuryDirect, Funds, ETFs, Ladders](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-buy-bonds/)
- [How to Choose 401(k) Investments: A Factual Guide](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-choose-401k-investments/)
- [How to Choose a Brokerage Account (2026 Framework)](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-choose-a-brokerage-account/)
- [How to Invest $10,000 in 2026: What the Amount Changes](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-invest-10000-dollars/)
- [How to Invest in AI: The Exposure Map, Layer by Layer](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-invest-in-ai/)
- [How to Invest in Commodities in 2026: Access Routes](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-invest-in-commodities/)
- [How to Invest in Dividend Stocks: Grid, Not List](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-invest-in-dividend-stocks/)
- [How to Invest in Gold: Routes, Costs and Taxes](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-invest-in-gold/)
- [How to Invest in Real Estate: Every Route Compared](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-invest-in-real-estate/)
- [How to Invest in REITs: Vehicles and Key Metrics](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-invest-in-reits/)
- [How to Reduce Taxable Income in 2026: Mechanisms](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-reduce-taxable-income/)
- [Investment Discipline: The Hidden Driver of Long-Term Portfolio Performance](https://eco3min.fr/en/investment-discipline-long-term-performance/)
- [Investment Wrappers: Mechanics, Not Rankings](https://eco3min.fr/en/investment-wrappers-mechanics-not-rankings/)
- [Protecting Savings From Inflation, by Regime](https://eco3min.fr/en/protecting-savings-inflation-regime-what-works/)
- [REITs and the rate cycle: how property reprices](https://eco3min.fr/en/reits-rate-cycle-property-repricing/)
- [Tax-Deferred Retirement Accounts: The Two-Sided Bet](https://eco3min.fr/en/tax-deferred-retirement-accounts-two-sided-bet/)

### Commodity Regimes

- [Arabica-Robusta Spread: Reading Coffee Supply Stress](https://eco3min.fr/en/arabica-robusta-spread-coffee-supply-stress-signal/)
- [Cocoa 2024-2026 Boom-Bust and Concentrated Supply](https://eco3min.fr/en/cocoa-price-crash-2024-2026-boom-bust-concentrated-supply-fragility/)
- [Commodities and the Business Cycle: A Leading Indicator of Economic Regimes](https://eco3min.fr/en/commodities-business-cycle-leading-indicator/)
- [Commodities Stopped Diversifying Stocks After 2008](https://eco3min.fr/en/commodities-stopped-diversifying/)
- [Commodities: Mechanisms and Indirect Economic Policy](https://eco3min.fr/en/commodities-indirect-economic-policy-instruments/)
- [Commodity Price Formation: Time Asymmetry and Structural Market Mechanisms](https://eco3min.fr/en/commodity-price-formation-time-asymmetry/)
- [Copper-Gold Ratio: Still a Reliable Yield Signal?](https://eco3min.fr/en/copper-gold-ratio-treasury-yields-macro-signal/)
- [Disinflationary Regime: Mechanisms and Indicators](https://eco3min.fr/en/disinflationary-macro-regime/)
- [European Gas Crisis: No Global Price, Real Cost](https://eco3min.fr/en/european-gas-crisis-no-global-price-competitiveness-shock/)
- [Every Oil Shock Since 1973: Size, Trigger, Inflation](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-oil-shock-inflation-history-since-1973-2/)
- [Food Prices and Social Unrest: The Speed, Not the Level](https://eco3min.fr/en/food-price-speed-not-level/)
- [Gold/Silver Ratio: Is the Valuation Signal Still Reliable?](https://eco3min.fr/en/gold-silver-ratio-mean-reversion-signal/)
- [Gold: Monetary Signal, Safe Haven, De-Dollarization](https://eco3min.fr/en/gold-price-safe-haven-reserves-anti-dollar-signal/)
- [Iron Ore: China's Cleanest Construction Signal](https://eco3min.fr/en/iron-ore-china-construction-signal-peak-steel/)
- [Real Commodity Prices Since 1960: Grown vs Burned](https://eco3min.fr/en/food-cheaper-energy-dearer/)
- [Refining Margins: Hidden Driver of Oil Profits](https://eco3min.fr/en/refining-margins-hidden-driver-oil-profits/)
- [The 2022 LME Nickel Squeeze: A Fragility Case Study](https://eco3min.fr/en/lme-nickel-squeeze-2022-market-fragility/)
- [Uranium: The First Commodity Supercycle Driven by Compute](https://eco3min.fr/en/uranium-supercycle-ai-power-demand-nuclear-supply-concentration/)
- [What Commodities Forecast: The Headline-Core Inflation Gap](https://eco3min.fr/en/commodities-forecast-inflation-gap/)
- [Wheat Prices: Barometer of Food & Geopolitical Risk](https://eco3min.fr/en/wheat-price-food-security-geopolitical-instability/)
- [When Do Commodities Diversify Stocks? Drawdowns Since 1970](https://eco3min.fr/en/when-commodities-diversify-stocks/)
- [WTI: Crude Oil Price as Macro Signal of Cycles](https://eco3min.fr/en/wti-crude-oil-price-macro-signal-economic-cycles/)
- [WTI–Brent Spread (1987–2026): Logistics Drove the Gap](https://eco3min.fr/en/wti-brent-spread-1987-2026/)

### Crypto-Assets

- [Bitcoin: Why Its Volatility Keeps Falling](https://eco3min.fr/en/bitcoin-volatility-compression-regulation/)
- [Crypto Assets and Monetary Regimes: Liquidity Cycles, Real Rates, and Valuation](https://eco3min.fr/en/crypto-assets-monetary-regimes-liquidity-cycles/)
- [Crypto Cycles: The Mechanics Behind the Amplitude](https://eco3min.fr/en/crypto-volatility-cycles-liquidity-leverage-mechanics/)
- [Stablecoins as Structural Buyers of US T-Bills](https://eco3min.fr/en/stablecoin-issuers-tbill-demand-offshore-dollar-plumbing/)

### Equity Markets & ETFs

- [Best ETFs 2026: What the Data Shows, Beyond Rankings](https://eco3min.fr/en/best-etfs/)
- [Buffett Indicator: US Market Cap to GDP, Quarterly Since 1947](https://eco3min.fr/en/buffett-indicator-market-cap-to-gdp-dataset/)
- [Dividends & Buybacks: Total Shareholder Yield Explained](https://eco3min.fr/en/dividends-buybacks-total-shareholder-yield/)
- [Earnings Revisions & Market Reversals: A Leading Signal for Equity Cycles](https://eco3min.fr/en/earnings-revisions-market-reversals-leading-signal-equity-cycle/)
- [Earnings Surprises & Dispersion: Selective Markets](https://eco3min.fr/en/earnings-surprises-performance-dispersion-selective-markets/)
- [Earnings Surprises: Early Signal of a Regime Shift](https://eco3min.fr/en/earnings-surprises-financial-regime-shift/)
- [Equity Markets and the Economic Cycle: How Anticipation Drives Prices](https://eco3min.fr/en/equity-markets-economic-cycle-anticipation-mechanism/)
- [Equity Performance Dispersion: A Late-Cycle Signal](https://eco3min.fr/en/equity-performance-dispersion-late-cycle-selectivity/)
- [ETF Liquidity Risk: Hidden Fragilities and Market Structure Stress](https://eco3min.fr/en/etf-liquidity-market-risk/)
- [ETF Liquidity: How High Rate Regimes Erode Market Depth](https://eco3min.fr/en/high-rate-regime-etf-liquidity-erosion/)
- [ETF Liquidity: Why It Looks Continuous Even Under Stress](https://eco3min.fr/en/etf-liquidity-illusion-underlying-markets/)
- [How to Choose an ETF in 2026: The Full Framework](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-choose-an-etf/)
- [How to Choose an Online Broker: The 2026 Checklist](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-choose-an-online-broker/)
- [Index Stability: When Headline Calm Hides Real Risk](https://eco3min.fr/en/earnings-revisions-index-stability-false-signal/)
- [Shiller CAPE: long-term equity valuation reference](https://eco3min.fr/en/cape-shiller-pe-cyclically-adjusted-equity-valuation-long-term/)
- [The US Share of the World Stock Market: History](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-share-world-equity-market-history/)
- [When ETFs Become the Primary Site of Price Formation](https://eco3min.fr/en/etf-price-formation-liquidity/)
- [Why Index Performance No Longer Reflects Companies](https://eco3min.fr/en/index-performance-disconnected-from-companies/)

### Financial Education

- [Administered Savings Rates & Financial Repression](https://eco3min.fr/en/administered-savings-rates-financial-repression/)
- [Financial Education: The Blind Spots on Real Risk](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-education-blind-spots-real-risk/)
- [Financial Education: The Right Order of Wealth Decisions](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-education-wealth-decision-sequencing/)
- [Primary Residence vs Savings vs Investing: Different Roles in Wealth](https://eco3min.fr/en/primary-residence-savings-investing-wealth-functions/)
- [Saving vs Investing vs Placing — Risk, Time & Liquidity Explained](https://eco3min.fr/en/saving-vs-investing-vs-placing-risk-time-liquidity/)

### Learn to invest

- [Best Investment Accounts for Kids: 529, UTMA, Roth](https://eco3min.fr/en/best-investment-accounts-for-kids/)
- [How to Invest in Stocks in 2026: The Full Chain](https://eco3min.fr/en/how-to-invest-in-stocks/)
- [Investing at All-Time Highs: What History Shows](https://eco3min.fr/en/investing-at-all-time-highs/)

### Macro-Financial Regimes

- [2020 Covid Shock: the crisis read through the indicators](https://eco3min.fr/en/2020-covid-shock/)
- [Core CPI vs Headline CPI (1957–2026) — 3 Episodes](https://eco3min.fr/en/core-cpi-vs-headline-cpi/)
- [Dot-Com Crash 2000: the macro regime shift](https://eco3min.fr/en/dot-com-crash-2000/)
- [Economic Geopolitics & Global Fragmentation](https://eco3min.fr/en/economic-geopolitics-global-fragmentation/)
- [Every S&P 500 Crash Since 1950: 26 Drawdowns Cataloged](https://eco3min.fr/en/every-sp500-crash-since-1950/)
- [Every U.S. Recession Since 1948: Depth & Duration](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-recession-history-since-1948/)
- [Every US Inflation Second Wave Since 1948](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-inflation-second-wave-history/)
- [Financial Signals vs. Real Economy: Why They Diverge](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-signals-real-economy-persistent-divergence/)
- [Five Recession Rules Tested (1948–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/five-recession-rules-tested/)
- [Inflation: The Complete Analytical Guide](https://eco3min.fr/en/inflation-complete-guide/)
- [Initial Jobless Claims Recession Signal (1967–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/initial-claims-weekly-recession-signal/)
- [Japan's Lost Decades (1989): A Balance-Sheet Recession](https://eco3min.fr/en/japan-lost-decades-1989/)
- [M2 vs CPI 1960-2026: Regime Test of the Monetarist Lag](https://eco3min.fr/en/m2-friedman-regime-break-3/)
- [Nasdaq Falls Harder Than S&P 500: 8 of 9 Bear Markets](https://eco3min.fr/en/nasdaq-falls-harder-than-sp500/)
- [NFP Revisions Are Biased at Turning Points (1980–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/nfp-revisions-mislead-at-turning-points/)
- [Oil Burden & US Recessions: The 4%-of-GDP Threshold](https://eco3min.fr/en/oil-burden-gdp-recession-threshold/)
- [Oil Shocks and Core CPI: 5 Episodes Since 1986](https://eco3min.fr/en/wti-shocks-amplify-existing-inflation/)
- [PCE vs CPI: A 65-Year Comparison of the Two Main US Inflation Measures (1960-2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/pce-vs-cpi-inflation-gap/)
- [Real Economic Cycle Explained | Investment, Productivity & Growth Drivers](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-economic-cycle-investment-productivity-growth/)
- [T10YIE: 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Explained](https://eco3min.fr/en/t10yie-breakeven-inflation-10-year-market-expectations/)
- [The 1929 Crash and the Great Depression: a regime shift](https://eco3min.fr/en/1929-great-depression/)
- [The 1979 Volcker Shock: forced disinflation](https://eco3min.fr/en/volcker-disinflation-1979/)
- [The 2022 UK gilt crisis: inflationary regime, LDI fracture](https://eco3min.fr/en/2022-uk-gilt-crisis/)
- [The Inflation Tax: 113 Years of US CPI Data (1913–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-inflation-is-not-linear/)
- [The Russia/LTCM crisis (1998), read through the indicators](https://eco3min.fr/en/1998-russia-ltcm-crisis/)
- [US Deficits Above 5% of GDP at Full Employment Since 1929](https://eco3min.fr/en/full-employment-deficit-history/)
- [US Dollar at Every Major Crisis Since 1973: FRED Dataset](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-dollar-global-crises-dataset/)
- [US Interest Payments vs Defense Spending Since 1947](https://eco3min.fr/en/interest-payments-vs-defense-spending-history/)
- [US Real Interest Rates vs CAPE Ratio (1963–2026) — Stock Market Valuation Dataset](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-interest-rates-vs-cape-ratio-dataset/)
- [US Real Interest Rates: History & Current Level (1962–Present)](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-interest-rates-history/)
- [What 1 hour of US work bought in 1985 vs 2025](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-purchasing-power-1985-vs-2025/)
- [When US Disinflation Doesn't Stick: 2024-26 vs 5 Cycles · focus : disinflation cycles](https://eco3min.fr/en/cycles-desinflation-cpi-us-since-1948/)
- [Yield Curve Inversion History: Recession Signals & 2s10s Since 1976](https://eco3min.fr/en/yield-curve-inversion-history-2s10s-spread/)

### Macroeconomic Datasets & Financial Data Repository

- [30-Year Treasury: A 70% Drawdown (1977–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/30-year-treasury-duration-risk/)

### Market Regimes

- [Artificial Intelligence and Systemic Financial Risk: Micro Efficiency, Macro Fragility](https://eco3min.fr/en/artificial-intelligence-systemic-financial-risk/)
- [Artificial Intelligence ETFs: The Real Risks Behind the Hype](https://eco3min.fr/en/artificial-intelligence-etf-risks-concentration-rates/)
- [Buying Fear Outperforms 2-to-1 — VIX Dataset (1990–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/vix-contrarian-almanac-dataset/)
- [Financial Innovation: When Efficiency Rigidifies Markets](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-innovation-rigid-market-behaviour/)
- [HY OAS: leading signal of recession & equity reversal](https://eco3min.fr/en/hy-oas-credit-spread-recession-signal-equity-markets/)
- [Interest Rates and Financial Markets: How Rate Regimes Reshape Valuations and Asset Allocation](https://eco3min.fr/en/interest-rates-financial-markets-valuation-asset-allocation/)
- [Markets Without Signals: Why Stable Indices Can Hide Rising Risk](https://eco3min.fr/en/markets-without-signal-dispersion-risk/)
- [Rate Hikes and Financial Markets: A Regime Reading](https://eco3min.fr/en/rate-hikes-impact-financial-markets/)
- [Red Sea Tensions: An Underestimated Risk for Global Trade](https://eco3min.fr/en/red-sea-tensions-global-trade-vulnerability/)
- [Strong Dollar Regime: Structural Drivers and Global Market Transmission](https://eco3min.fr/en/strong-dollar-structural-regime-market-transmission/)
- [Strong Dollar: Adjustment Mechanism, Not Crisis Trigger](https://eco3min.fr/en/strong-dollar-persistence-without-financial-crisis/)
- [Strong Dollar: How It Reshapes Performance Hierarchy](https://eco3min.fr/en/strong-dollar-financial-performance-hierarchy/)
- [Strong Dollar: Silent Imbalances in the Global Economy](https://eco3min.fr/en/strong-dollar-silent-imbalances-global-economy/)
- [The Yen 2022-2024: Losing Control Without a Crisis](https://eco3min.fr/en/yen-decline-without-currency-crisis-2022-2024/)
- [VIX explained: the S&P 500 fear index decoded](https://eco3min.fr/en/vix-fear-index-equity-markets-implied-volatility-sp500/)
- [When Rates Become Dangerous for Markets](https://eco3min.fr/en/when-interest-rates-dangerous-financial-markets/)
- [Why the Euro Moves: Reading EUR/USD (ECB-Fed)](https://eco3min.fr/en/why-euro-moves-eur-usd-rate-differential/)

### Monetary Regimes

- [10Y Term Premium 1961–2026: Decomposed Yield Data](https://eco3min.fr/en/term-premium-decomposition-1961-2026/)
- [2Y Treasury Leads Fed Pivots — 1976–2026 | Eco3mi](https://eco3min.fr/en/2y-treasury-leads-fed-pivots/)
- [ACMTP10: the 10-Year Treasury Term Premium Explained](https://eco3min.fr/en/acmtp10-term-premium-10-year-treasury-yield-decomposition/)
- [BBB Investment Grade Composition (1996–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/bbb-investment-grade-composition-2/)
- [Credit Breaks First — HY Spread Lead-Lag Dataset (1997–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-hy-credit-spread-leading-indicator-dataset/)
- [DGS10: 10-Year Treasury Yield, the Reference Macro Signal](https://eco3min.fr/en/dgs10-10-year-treasury-yield-macro-signal-financing-conditions/)
- [DTWEXBGS: The Broad Dollar Index as Strength Signal](https://eco3min.fr/en/dtwexbgs-dollar-broad-index-systemic-dollar-strength-signal/)
- [Every Fed Pause Since 1971: What Markets Did Next](https://eco3min.fr/en/fed-pause-history-since-1971/)
- [Every US Dollar Bull and Bear Market Since 1973](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-dollar-cycles-history-since-1973/)
- [Fed Balance Sheet 2002–2026: Three Operational Interventions](https://eco3min.fr/en/fed-balance-sheet-operational-history-2/)
- [Fed's Track Record: 70 Years of Rate Decisions Audited (1954–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/fed-funds-rate-track-record-dataset/)
- [FEDFUNDS: The Fed Funds Rate and the 2024-2026 Cycle](https://eco3min.fr/en/fedfunds-fed-funds-rate-monetary-policy-cycle-signal/)
- [Financial Repression: Mechanisms and Indicators](https://eco3min.fr/en/financial-repression-macro-regime/)
- [Inflationary Regime: Mechanisms and Indicators](https://eco3min.fr/en/inflationary-macro-regime/)
- [Inverted Yield Curve: A Slow Recession Signal](https://eco3min.fr/en/inverted-yield-curve-slow-regime-signal/)
- [Monetary Policy Transmission Explained | Channels, Lags & Economic Impact](https://eco3min.fr/en/monetary-policy-transmission-channels-time-lags-real-economy/)
- [Monetary Policy — What It Really Does (and What It Can’t Control)](https://eco3min.fr/en/monetary-policy-incentives-limits-real-economy/)
- [NFCI: Chicago Fed Meta-Indicator of Financial Conditions](https://eco3min.fr/en/nfci-financial-conditions-stress-signal-chicago-fed-meta-indicator/)
- [NY Fed Recession Probability Model: 1990–2024 Replication](https://eco3min.fr/en/ny-fed-recession-probability-model-2/)
- [Restrictive Monetary Policy: Delayed Effects & Credit Transmission](https://eco3min.fr/en/restrictive-monetary-policy-delayed-effects-credit-transmission/)
- [Silent Adjustment Regimes: Pricing the Absence of Crisis](https://eco3min.fr/en/silent-adjustment-regimes-markets-inefficiency/)
- [T10Y3M Recession Signal: 10y/3m Treasury Spread Explained](https://eco3min.fr/en/t10y3m-recession-signal-10y-3m-spread-explained/)
- [The Liquidity Illusion — Net Liquidity Index (2003–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/net-liquidity-index-dataset/)
- [US Debt Ceiling & TGA Liquidity | Dataset 2002–2026](https://eco3min.fr/en/debt-ceiling-liquidity-event/)
- [US Net Investment Income Has Fallen to Near Zero](https://eco3min.fr/en/exorbitant-privilege-us-investment-income/)
- [US T-Bill Real Returns Since 1948 — 938 Months](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-3-month-tbill-real-returns/)
- [WALCL: Fed Balance Sheet & Monetary Signal Read](https://eco3min.fr/en/walcl-fed-balance-sheet-monetary-signal-systemic-liquidity-indicator/)
- [When the Fed Cut Into a Rising Stock Market Since 1984](https://eco3min.fr/en/fed-rate-cuts-into-market-highs-history/)
- [Why Markets Rise Despite an Inverted Yield Curve](https://eco3min.fr/en/markets-rise-despite-inverted-yield-curve/)
- [Yield Curve Inversion and Recession: The Credit Channel Mechanism](https://eco3min.fr/en/yield-curve-inversion-credit-channel-recession-mechanism/)

### Real Estate Cycles

- [Mortgage Credit Cycle: How Monetary Policy Impacts Housing Prices](https://eco3min.fr/en/mortgage-credit-cycle-monetary-policy-housing-prices/)
- [Rates vs Prices: US Housing Affordability (1971–2026)](https://eco3min.fr/en/rates-vs-prices-us-housing-affordability/)
- [Real Estate and Inflation: Protection Is Not Automatic](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-estate-inflation-protection/)
- [Real Estate's True Cycle Is Credit, Not Prices](https://eco3min.fr/en/real-estate-credit-cycle-true-market-cycle/)
- [US Mortgage Borrowing Capacity: How Rates Set It](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-mortgage-borrowing-capacity-rate-mechanics/)
- [US Rental Property Real Yield: Gross to Net-Net](https://eco3min.fr/en/us-rental-property-real-yield-gross-to-net/)

## English — Questions and answers

- [2023 Regional Bank Crisis vs 2008: Key Differences](https://eco3min.fr/en/2023-regional-bank-crisis-vs-2008/)
- [60/40 Portfolio in the 2020s: Death or Stress Test?](https://eco3min.fr/en/60-40-portfolio-evolution-2020s/)
- [Agricultural Commodity Cycles: Cobweb Theorem](https://eco3min.fr/en/agricultural-commodities-cycles/)
- [All-Weather Portfolio Philosophy: Dalio's Four Seasons](https://eco3min.fr/en/all-weather-portfolio-philosophy/)
- [Altman Z-score: corporate distress measurement](https://eco3min.fr/en/altman-z-score-corporate-distress/)
- [Anchoring Effects: Why Purchase Price Beats Fundamentals](https://eco3min.fr/en/anchoring-effects-price-perception/)
- [Annuities explained: how they work and when useful](https://eco3min.fr/en/annuities-explained-usefulness/)
- [Annuities vs Self-Managed Retirement Income: The Trade-off](https://eco3min.fr/en/annuities-vs-self-managed-income/)
- [Are Passive ETFs Making Markets More Fragile?](https://eco3min.fr/en/passive-etfs-market-fragility/)
- [Asset Location & After-Tax Returns Explained](https://eco3min.fr/en/asset-location-after-tax-returns/)
- [Backwardation in Commodity Investing Explained](https://eco3min.fr/en/backwardation-commodity-investing/)
- [Baltic Dry Index Explained: Demand or Supply?](https://eco3min.fr/en/baltic-dry-index-explained/)
- [Bank Lending Standards — Why They Predict Recessions](https://eco3min.fr/en/bank-lending-standards-predict-downturns/)
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## Notes

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