# Camera Decision > Camera Decision (cameradecision.com) is an independent camera and lens comparison site, run since 2014. It holds specifications for about 1,400 cameras and thousands of lenses, side-by-side comparisons, true-size comparisons, firmware update tracking, and free browser-based tools for photographers. Data over opinion: pages are built from a maintained specifications database. Camera Decision has no affiliation with any manufacturer. Some links to retailers are affiliate links. ## Tools - [Shutter Count Checker](https://cameradecision.com/shutter-count-checker): Reads a camera's shutter count from one unedited photo, inside the browser; the photo is never uploaded. Works for Nikon, Sony, Fujifilm, Pentax and Ricoh, and for Canon models that write the count into files. Per-model pages at /shutter-count-checker/ explain which file to use, or the USB app or service menu steps for cameras whose photos carry no count. - [EXIF Viewer](https://cameradecision.com/exif-viewer): Shows every metadata tag in a photo (camera, lens, settings, date, GPS location, maker notes), read inside the browser; the photo is never uploaded. Warns when a photo contains its location. - [EXIF Remover](https://cameradecision.com/exif-remover): Removes the GPS location, personal details (serial numbers, owner and copyright names) or all metadata from JPEG, HEIC, PNG, WebP and TIFF files, inside the browser, without re-compressing the picture; the photo is never uploaded. - [Lens Usage Analyzer](https://cameradecision.com/lens-usage-analyzer): Reads a folder of the visitor's photos in the browser and shows which lenses, focal lengths (35mm equivalent), apertures, shutter speeds and ISOs they use, with findings such as a zoom used mostly at its long end and matching lenses from the database; nothing is uploaded. - [NPF Rule Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/npf-rule-calculator): Longest exposure before stars trail (strict and simple NPF, 500 and 300 rules) for 1,400+ cameras (compacts included), using each camera's pixel pitch from the database; adjusts for declination and shows star movement in pixels. Deep link ?camera=&f=14&n=2.8&dec=29. - [Wildlife Reach Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/wildlife-reach-calculator): How big a bird or animal lands in the frame with a given camera, focal length and distance, answered in pixels on the subject as well as frame share, with what a 1.4x or 2x teleconverter adds and the focal length needed to fill the frame. Subject sizes for 30 common birds and mammals built in. Deep link ?camera=&focal=400&distance=20&subject=Robin. - [Diffraction Limit Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/diffraction-limit-calculator): The aperture where diffraction starts to soften (Airy disk over 2 pixels) and becomes clearly visible (3 pixels) for 1,400+ cameras (compacts included), from each camera's pixel pitch, including macro magnification. Deep link ?camera=&n=8&m=0. - [Crop Factor Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/crop-factor-calculator): Equivalent focal length (same framing) and aperture (same depth of field) between any two of 1,400+ cameras (compacts included) or standard sensor formats, from real sensor sizes. Deep link ?camera=&camera2=...&f=50&n=1.8. - [Print Size Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/print-size-calculator): Largest print at 300, 240 and 150 PPI and PPI, crop and quality rating on standard paper (4x6 to 40x60 in, A4 to A0) from any of 1,400+ cameras (compacts included)' resolution or typed pixel dimensions, with viewing distance taken into account. Deep link ?camera= or ?w=6000&h=4000. - [Golden Hour Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/golden-hour-calculator): Golden hour, blue hour, sunrise, sunset and twilight times for any place and date, with the week ahead. Location stays in the browser. - [ND Filter Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/nd-filter-calculator): Exposure time with ND2 to ND32000 filters, stacked filters, stops and optical density, with a countdown timer. - [Exposure Triangle Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/exposure-triangle-calculator): Equivalent exposures in whole stops, varying aperture, shutter speed or ISO, with the exposure value. - [Sunny 16 Calculator and EV Chart](https://cameradecision.com/sunny-16-calculator): Shutter speed for typical scenes (snow in sun to moonlit landscape) at a chosen aperture and ISO. - [Film Cost Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/film-cost-calculator): Cost per shot, per roll and per month for 35mm, half frame, 120 (6x4.5 to 6x12) and instant film (Instax, Polaroid) from the film, developing and scanning prices the reader enters; shows the same roll across frame sizes. Deep link ?format=120-66&film=10&dev=10&scan=10. - [Film Cameras hub](https://cameradecision.com/film-photography): Every film camera on the site (35mm, medium format 120, instant) with the most popular models and most compared pairs in each format, and the film photography tools. - [180 Degree Shutter Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/180-degree-shutter-calculator): Video shutter speed for any frame rate and shutter angle, and the ND strength needed in daylight. - [Flash Guide Number Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/flash-guide-number-calculator): Solve for aperture, distance or manual power from a guide number, adjusted for ISO and power, with GN presets for 185 flashes from the database. Deep link ?flash=. - [Inverse Square Law Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/inverse-square-law-calculator): Stops of change when moving a light, background falloff relative to the subject, and the five-times-source-size limit for large modifiers. - [Camera and Lens Size Comparison](https://cameradecision.com/size-comparison): Any two camera bodies side by side at true relative size. - [Lens Size Comparison](https://cameradecision.com/lens-size-comparison): Lenses side by side at true relative size, mounted on a body. - [Focal Length Simulator](https://cameradecision.com/FocalSimulator): How a focal length frames a scene on a given sensor. - [Depth of Field Calculator](https://cameradecision.com/DofCalculator): Depth of field for any camera, lens and distance. - [Macro Magnification Comparator](https://cameradecision.com/MacroComparator): How close each macro lens gets. - [Smart Find, cameras](https://cameradecision.com/find): Filter cameras by specification. - [Smart Find, lenses](https://cameradecision.com/lenses/find): Filter lenses by specification. ## Cameras and lenses - [Camera comparison](https://cameradecision.com/search): Compare two cameras spec by spec. Camera pages live at /review/. - [All lenses](https://cameradecision.com/lenses/): Lens specifications and lens-to-lens comparisons. - [Lenses by photography type](https://cameradecision.com/lenses/photography-types): Lenses grouped by use, such as wildlife, macro and portrait. - [Camera timeline](https://cameradecision.com/timeline/all-cameras): Cameras by announcement date. - [Firmware updates](https://cameradecision.com/firmware): Camera and lens firmware releases, newest first, with what changed. - [Flashes](https://cameradecision.com/flashes/): Flash specifications and comparisons. - [PTZ cameras](https://cameradecision.com/ptz-cameras): PTZ camera specifications. ## News - [Blog](https://cameradecision.com/blogmain): Camera and lens news, firmware notes and launches. - [Camera and lens rumors](https://cameradecision.com/rumors): Rumored products tracked claim by claim, with outcomes once they resolve. ## Optional - [About](https://cameradecision.com/about) - [Privacy](https://cameradecision.com/privacy) - [Sitemap index](https://cameradecision.com/sitemap-index.xml)