# Awesome Python An opinionated guide to the best Python frameworks, libraries, and tools. 538 projects across 74 categories, updated on 2026-10-21. Scan the category index, then jump to the matching section for direct project links and short descriptions. Entries end with `PyPI downloads/month: N` (last 30 days, mirrors and CI included) and `GitHub stars: N` notes in parentheses where known; treat both as popularity context, not a quality guarantee. Use the homepage for project context outside the shortlist. ## Primary Links - Homepage: https://awesome-python.com/ - GitHub repository: https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python - Contributing guide: https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md - Sponsorship: https://awesome-python.com/sponsorship/ - Sitemap: https://awesome-python.com/sitemap.xml ## Categories **AI & ML** - [AI and Agents](https://awesome-python.com/categories/ai-and-agents/) - [Deep Learning](https://awesome-python.com/categories/deep-learning/) - [Machine Learning](https://awesome-python.com/categories/machine-learning/) - [Natural Language Processing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/natural-language-processing/) - [Computer Vision](https://awesome-python.com/categories/computer-vision/) - [Recommender Systems](https://awesome-python.com/categories/recommender-systems/) **Web Development** - [Web Frameworks](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-frameworks/) - [Web APIs](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-apis/) - [Web Servers](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-servers/) - [WebSocket](https://awesome-python.com/categories/websocket/) - [Template Engines](https://awesome-python.com/categories/template-engines/) - [Web Asset Management](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-asset-management/) - [Authentication](https://awesome-python.com/categories/authentication/) - [Admin Panels](https://awesome-python.com/categories/admin-panels/) - [CMS](https://awesome-python.com/categories/cms/) - [ERP](https://awesome-python.com/categories/erp/) - [Static Site Generators](https://awesome-python.com/categories/static-site-generators/) **HTTP & Scraping** - [HTTP Clients](https://awesome-python.com/categories/http-clients/) - [Web Scraping](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-scraping/) - [Email](https://awesome-python.com/categories/email/) **Database & Storage** - [ORM](https://awesome-python.com/categories/orm/) - [Database Drivers](https://awesome-python.com/categories/database-drivers/) - [Database](https://awesome-python.com/categories/database/) - [Caching](https://awesome-python.com/categories/caching/) - [Search](https://awesome-python.com/categories/search/) - [Serialization](https://awesome-python.com/categories/serialization/) **Data & Science** - [Data Analysis](https://awesome-python.com/categories/data-analysis/) - [Data Ingestion / ETL](https://awesome-python.com/categories/data-ingestion-etl/) - [Data Validation](https://awesome-python.com/categories/data-validation/) - [Data Visualization](https://awesome-python.com/categories/data-visualization/) - [Geolocation](https://awesome-python.com/categories/geolocation/) - [Science](https://awesome-python.com/categories/science/) - [Quantum Computing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/quantum-computing/) **Developer Tools** - [Algorithms and Design Patterns](https://awesome-python.com/categories/algorithms-and-design-patterns/) - [Interactive Interpreter](https://awesome-python.com/categories/interactive-interpreter/) - [Code Analysis](https://awesome-python.com/categories/code-analysis/) - [Testing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/testing/) - [Debugging Tools](https://awesome-python.com/categories/debugging-tools/) - [Build Tools](https://awesome-python.com/categories/build-tools/) - [Documentation](https://awesome-python.com/categories/documentation/) **DevOps** - [DevOps Tools](https://awesome-python.com/categories/devops-tools/) - [Distributed Computing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/distributed-computing/) - [Task Queues](https://awesome-python.com/categories/task-queues/) - [Messaging](https://awesome-python.com/categories/messaging/) - [Job Schedulers](https://awesome-python.com/categories/job-schedulers/) - [Logging](https://awesome-python.com/categories/logging/) - [Network Virtualization](https://awesome-python.com/categories/network-virtualization/) **CLI & GUI** - [CLI Development](https://awesome-python.com/categories/cli-development/) - [CLI Tools](https://awesome-python.com/categories/cli-tools/) - [GUI Development](https://awesome-python.com/categories/gui-development/) **Text & Documents** - [Text Processing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/text-processing/) - [HTML Manipulation](https://awesome-python.com/categories/html-manipulation/) - [File Format Processing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/file-format-processing/) - [File Manipulation](https://awesome-python.com/categories/file-manipulation/) **Media** - [Image Processing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/image-processing/) - [Audio & Video Processing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/audio-video-processing/) - [Game Development](https://awesome-python.com/categories/game-development/) **Python Language** - [Implementations](https://awesome-python.com/categories/implementations/) - [Built-in Classes Enhancement](https://awesome-python.com/categories/built-in-classes-enhancement/) - [Functional Programming](https://awesome-python.com/categories/functional-programming/) - [Asynchronous Programming](https://awesome-python.com/categories/asynchronous-programming/) - [Date and Time](https://awesome-python.com/categories/date-and-time/) **Python Toolchain** - [Environment Management](https://awesome-python.com/categories/environment-management/) - [Package Management](https://awesome-python.com/categories/package-management/) - [Package Repositories](https://awesome-python.com/categories/package-repositories/) - [Distribution](https://awesome-python.com/categories/distribution/) - [Configuration Files](https://awesome-python.com/categories/configuration-files/) **Security** - [Cryptography](https://awesome-python.com/categories/cryptography/) - [Penetration Testing](https://awesome-python.com/categories/penetration-testing/) - [Supply Chain Security](https://awesome-python.com/categories/supply-chain-security/) - [Web Security](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-security/) **Other** - [Hardware](https://awesome-python.com/categories/hardware/) - [Microsoft Windows](https://awesome-python.com/categories/microsoft-windows/) - [Miscellaneous](https://awesome-python.com/categories/miscellaneous/) ## Projects **AI & ML** ### AI and Agents _Libraries for building AI applications, LLM integrations, and autonomous agents._ - Agent Skills - [django-ai-plugins](https://github.com/vintasoftware/django-ai-plugins) - Django backend agent skills for Django, DRF, Celery, and Django-specific code review. (GitHub stars: 160) - [scientific-agent-skills](https://github.com/K-Dense-AI/scientific-agent-skills) - Agent skills for scientific research and analysis with Python libraries like scikit-learn, polars, and biopython. (GitHub stars: 53532) - [sentry-skills](https://github.com/getsentry/skills) - Agent skills the Sentry team uses for code review, pull requests, and Django reviews. (GitHub stars: 1080) - [trailofbits-skills](https://github.com/trailofbits/skills) - Security skills for vulnerability detection, auditing, and testing. (GitHub stars: 7680) - [wshobson-agents](https://github.com/wshobson/agents) - Plugins, agents, and skills for AI coding tools, including Python skills for testing, async, packaging, and uv. (GitHub stars: 41431) - Orchestration - [langchain](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain) - A framework for building agents and LLM-powered applications. (PyPI downloads/month: 165327545, GitHub stars: 148205) - [langgraph](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph) - Low-level orchestration framework for building stateful, long-running LLM agents. (PyPI downloads/month: 51114814, GitHub stars: 43657) - [pydantic-ai](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-ai) - A Python agent framework for building generative AI applications with structured schemas. (PyPI downloads/month: 6123375, GitHub stars: 20769) - [crewai](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI) - A framework for orchestrating role-playing autonomous AI agents for collaborative task solving. (PyPI downloads/month: 2712235, GitHub stars: 59955) - Vendor Agent SDKs - [claude-agent-sdk](https://github.com/anthropics/claude-agent-sdk-python) - Anthropic's Python SDK for building AI agents on Claude Code's harness — custom tools, in-process MCP servers, hooks. (PyPI downloads/month: 31822383, GitHub stars: 8319) - [openai-agents](https://github.com/openai/openai-agents-python) - OpenAI's framework for building and managing AI agents. (PyPI downloads/month: 13512568, GitHub stars: 30202) - [google-adk](https://github.com/google/adk-python) - Google's code-first toolkit for building, evaluating, and deploying AI agents. (PyPI downloads/month: 10198875, GitHub stars: 21942) - Model Context Protocol - [mcp](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk) - The official Python SDK for building Model Context Protocol servers and clients. (PyPI downloads/month: 262004985, GitHub stars: 24632) - [fastmcp](https://github.com/PrefectHQ/fastmcp) - A high-level, Pythonic framework for building MCP servers and clients. (PyPI downloads/month: 58031289, GitHub stars: 28162) - Personal Assistants - [hermes-agent](https://github.com/NousResearch/hermes-agent) - An adaptive personal AI assistant that grows with you. (PyPI downloads/month: 369016, GitHub stars: 255797) - [AstrBot](https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot) - A multi-platform AI assistant that connects LLMs to chat apps like Telegram, Slack, and QQ, extensible with Python plugins. (PyPI downloads/month: 42726, GitHub stars: 42603) - Prompt Optimization - [dspy](https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy) - A framework for programming, not prompting, language models. (PyPI downloads/month: 5688716, GitHub stars: 38719) - Data Layer - [instructor](https://github.com/567-labs/instructor) - A library for extracting structured data from LLMs, powered by Pydantic. (PyPI downloads/month: 9209281, GitHub stars: 14042) - [llama-index](https://github.com/run-llama/llama_index) - A toolkit for building RAG pipelines and agents over your data. (PyPI downloads/month: 2871245, GitHub stars: 52604) - [mem0](https://github.com/mem0ai/mem0) - An intelligent memory layer for AI agents enabling personalized interactions. (PyPI downloads/month: 2288688, GitHub stars: 67586) - [openviking](https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking) - A context database for AI agents that unifies memory, resources, and skills. (PyPI downloads/month: 449760, GitHub stars: 40525) - [semantica](https://github.com/semantica-agi/semantica) - A graph-native context and knowledge layer for AI agents with reasoning, provenance, and governance. (PyPI downloads/month: 16518, GitHub stars: 14172) - Pre-trained Models - [transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) - The model-definition framework for pretrained models in text, computer vision, audio, video, and multimodal tasks, for inference and training. (PyPI downloads/month: 106182015, GitHub stars: 167951) - [sentence-transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/sentence-transformers) - Compute embeddings, run retrieval, and rerank results with pretrained and fine-tuned models. (PyPI downloads/month: 22465719, GitHub stars: 19206) - Local LLM Inference - [ollama](https://github.com/ollama/ollama-python) - Python client for Ollama, which downloads and runs open-weight LLMs locally. (PyPI downloads/month: 13813436, GitHub stars: 10618) - [llama-cpp-python](https://github.com/abetlen/llama-cpp-python) - Python bindings for llama.cpp, for running GGUF models locally. (PyPI downloads/month: 611077, GitHub stars: 10651) - [mlx-lm](https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx-lm) - Run and fine-tune large language models on Apple Silicon with MLX. (PyPI downloads/month: 597965, GitHub stars: 7427) - LLM Serving - [vllm](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm) - A high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs. (PyPI downloads/month: 2166806, GitHub stars: 94753) - [sglang](https://github.com/sgl-project/sglang) - A high-performance serving framework for large language models and multimodal models. (PyPI downloads/month: 1778156, GitHub stars: 37572) - [deepinfer](https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepInfer) - DeepSeek's production inference engine for DeepSeek models, with MoE expert parallelism. (PyPI downloads/month: 207, GitHub stars: 17370) - LLM Gateways - [litellm](https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm) - Call 100+ LLMs using OpenAI format. (PyPI downloads/month: 97272336, GitHub stars: 61732) - Image and Video Generation - [diffusers](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers) - Pre-trained diffusion models for generating and editing images, audio, and video. (PyPI downloads/month: 5544603, GitHub stars: 34777) - Fine-tuning - [peft](https://github.com/huggingface/peft) - A library for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large pretrained models. (PyPI downloads/month: 8938146, GitHub stars: 21822) - [trl](https://github.com/huggingface/trl) - A library for post-training transformer language models with SFT, DPO, GRPO, and other trainers. (PyPI downloads/month: 2477639, GitHub stars: 19563) - [unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth) - Faster, lower-memory LLM fine-tuning, as a Python library or a desktop app. (PyPI downloads/month: 898502, GitHub stars: 78370) - [axolotl](https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl) - A framework for fine-tuning and post-training large language models. (PyPI downloads/month: 9493, GitHub stars: 12604) - Speech - [faster-whisper](https://github.com/SYSTRAN/faster-whisper) - A Whisper reimplementation on CTranslate2, up to 4 times faster than openai-whisper with less memory. (PyPI downloads/month: 13306252, GitHub stars: 26021) - [openai-whisper](https://github.com/openai/whisper) - A general-purpose automatic speech recognition model trained on 680k hours of multilingual and multitask supervised data. (PyPI downloads/month: 5952321, GitHub stars: 111006) - [gTTS](https://github.com/pndurette/gTTS) - Python library and CLI tool for converting text to speech using Google Translate TTS. (PyPI downloads/month: 1311663, GitHub stars: 2638) - [funasr](https://github.com/modelscope/FunASR) - Industrial-grade speech recognition toolkit with speaker diarization and emotion detection. (PyPI downloads/month: 324403, GitHub stars: 20785) ### Deep Learning _Frameworks for Neural Networks and Deep Learning. Also see [awesome-deep-learning](https://github.com/ChristosChristofidis/awesome-deep-learning)._ - Frameworks - [pytorch](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch) - Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration. (PyPI downloads/month: 60303544, GitHub stars: 104959) - [pytorch-lightning](https://github.com/Lightning-AI/pytorch-lightning) - Deep learning framework to train, deploy, and ship AI products Lightning fast. (PyPI downloads/month: 9983153, GitHub stars: 31422) - [jax](https://github.com/jax-ml/jax) - A library for high-performance numerical computing with autodiff and JIT compilation. (PyPI downloads/month: 10676798, GitHub stars: 36481) - [keras](https://github.com/keras-team/keras) - A high-level deep learning library with support for JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch backends. (PyPI downloads/month: 11740973, GitHub stars: 64377) - [tensorflow](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow) - An end-to-end machine learning platform from Google. (PyPI downloads/month: 12720761, GitHub stars: 201163) - Reinforcement Learning - [gymnasium](https://github.com/Farama-Foundation/Gymnasium) - A standard API for reinforcement learning environments with popular reference environments ([gym](https://github.com/openai/gym) successor). (PyPI downloads/month: 4596848, GitHub stars: 12705) - [stable-baselines3](https://github.com/DLR-RM/stable-baselines3) - PyTorch implementations of Stable Baselines (deep) reinforcement learning algorithms. (PyPI downloads/month: 740766, GitHub stars: 13916) ### Machine Learning _Libraries for Machine Learning. Also see [awesome-machine-learning](https://github.com/josephmisiti/awesome-machine-learning#python)._ - General - [scikit-learn](https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn) - The most popular Python library for Machine Learning with extensive documentation and community support. (PyPI downloads/month: 199449689, GitHub stars: 67851) - [imbalanced-learn](https://github.com/scikit-learn-contrib/imbalanced-learn) - Resampling techniques for imbalanced datasets, compatible with scikit-learn. (PyPI downloads/month: 5929325, GitHub stars: 7131) - [pgmpy](https://github.com/pgmpy/pgmpy) - A Python library for causal and probabilistic reasoning with graphical models. (PyPI downloads/month: 339837, GitHub stars: 3360) - [feature-engine](https://github.com/feature-engine/feature_engine) - sklearn compatible API with the widest toolset for feature engineering and selection. (PyPI downloads/month: 173665, GitHub stars: 2291) - Gradient Boosting - [xgboost](https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost) - A scalable, portable, and distributed gradient boosting library. (PyPI downloads/month: 30689822, GitHub stars: 28896) - [lightgbm](https://github.com/lightgbm-org/LightGBM) - A fast, distributed, high performance gradient boosting framework. (PyPI downloads/month: 20386003, GitHub stars: 18899) - [catboost](https://github.com/catboost/catboost) - A fast, scalable, high performance gradient boosting on decision trees library. (PyPI downloads/month: 6402928, GitHub stars: 9157) - Time Series Forecasting - [prophet](https://github.com/facebook/prophet) - A tool for producing forecasts for time series with multiple seasonality and trend changes. (PyPI downloads/month: 4025845, GitHub stars: 20448) - [statsforecast](https://github.com/Nixtla/statsforecast) - Fast statistical forecasting models such as ARIMA, ETS, and Theta, compiled with numba. (PyPI downloads/month: 1771383, GitHub stars: 4943) - [sktime](https://github.com/sktime/sktime) - A unified scikit-learn-style framework for forecasting and other time-series learning tasks. (PyPI downloads/month: 897023, GitHub stars: 10071) - [timesfm](https://github.com/google-research/timesfm) - A pretrained foundation model from Google Research for time-series forecasting, with non-commercial default weights. (PyPI downloads/month: 266493, GitHub stars: 34684) - Hyperparameter Optimization - [optuna](https://github.com/optuna/optuna) - A hyperparameter optimization framework with define-by-run search spaces and pruning of unpromising trials. (PyPI downloads/month: 13612007, GitHub stars: 14945) - [hyperopt](https://github.com/hyperopt/hyperopt) - Distributed asynchronous hyperparameter optimization with Tree-structured Parzen Estimators. (PyPI downloads/month: 1790273, GitHub stars: 7597) ### Natural Language Processing _Libraries for working with human languages._ - General - [nltk](https://github.com/nltk/nltk) - A leading platform for building Python programs to work with human language data. (PyPI downloads/month: 44056684, GitHub stars: 14749) - [spacy](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy) - A library for industrial-strength natural language processing in Python and Cython. (PyPI downloads/month: 21941941, GitHub stars: 33981) - [gensim](https://github.com/piskvorky/gensim) - Topic Modeling for Humans. (PyPI downloads/month: 3026664, GitHub stars: 16505) - [stanza](https://github.com/stanfordnlp/stanza) - The Stanford NLP Group's official Python library, supporting 60+ languages. (PyPI downloads/month: 862401, GitHub stars: 7904) - Chinese - [jieba](https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba) - The most popular Chinese text segmentation library. (PyPI downloads/month: 5297480, GitHub stars: 35204) - [pypinyin](https://github.com/mozillazg/python-pinyin) - Convert Chinese hanzi (漢字) to pinyin (拼音). (PyPI downloads/month: 2008108, GitHub stars: 5377) - [OpenCC](https://github.com/BYVoid/OpenCC) - Traditional/Simplified Chinese conversion with regional variants and phrase-level rules. (PyPI downloads/month: 1138337, GitHub stars: 10070) - [pangu.py](https://github.com/vinta/pangu.py) - Paranoid text spacing. (PyPI downloads/month: 10292, GitHub stars: 281) ### Computer Vision _Libraries for image and video analysis, object detection, and OCR._ - General - [opencv-python](https://github.com/opencv/opencv-python) - Open Source Computer Vision Library. (PyPI downloads/month: 32942016, GitHub stars: 5429) - [ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) - Ultralytics YOLO for object detection, segmentation, pose estimation, classification, and tracking. (PyPI downloads/month: 4648060, GitHub stars: 62718) - [kornia](https://github.com/kornia/kornia) - Open Source Differentiable Computer Vision Library for PyTorch. (PyPI downloads/month: 2484667, GitHub stars: 11440) - [fiftyone](https://github.com/voxel51/fiftyone) - The open-source tool for building high-quality datasets and computer vision models. (PyPI downloads/month: 147947, GitHub stars: 11210) - OCR - [pytesseract](https://github.com/madmaze/pytesseract) - A wrapper for the [Tesseract OCR](https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract) engine. (PyPI downloads/month: 18702091, GitHub stars: 6396) - [easyocr](https://github.com/JaidedAI/EasyOCR) - Ready-to-use OCR with 80+ languages supported. (PyPI downloads/month: 2147554, GitHub stars: 30093) - [paddleocr](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleOCR) - Multilingual OCR and document parsing toolkit based on PaddlePaddle. (PyPI downloads/month: 1224728, GitHub stars: 91475) ### Recommender Systems _Libraries for building recommender systems._ - [annoy](https://github.com/spotify/annoy) - Approximate Nearest Neighbors in C++/Python optimized for memory usage. (PyPI downloads/month: 1002719, GitHub stars: 14323) - [implicit](https://github.com/benfred/implicit) - A fast Python implementation of collaborative filtering for implicit datasets. (PyPI downloads/month: 249614, GitHub stars: 3830) - [scikit-surprise](https://github.com/NicolasHug/Surprise) - A scikit for building and analyzing recommender systems. (PyPI downloads/month: 65189, GitHub stars: 6821) **Web Development** ### Web Frameworks _Traditional full stack web frameworks. Also see [Web APIs](https://awesome-python.com/categories/web-apis/)._ - Synchronous - [flask](https://github.com/pallets/flask) - A microframework for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 164912687, GitHub stars: 74944) - [awesome-flask](https://github.com/humiaozuzu/awesome-flask) (GitHub stars: 12788) - [django](https://github.com/django/django) - A high-level web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. (PyPI downloads/month: 45759556, GitHub stars: 91476) - [awesome-django](https://github.com/wsvincent/awesome-django) (GitHub stars: 11282) - [bottle](https://github.com/bottlepy/bottle) - A fast and simple micro-framework distributed as a single file with no dependencies. (PyPI downloads/month: 7661931, GitHub stars: 8798) - [pyramid](https://github.com/Pylons/pyramid) - A small, fast, down-to-earth, open source Python web framework. (PyPI downloads/month: 2065272, GitHub stars: 4103) - [fasthtml](https://github.com/AnswerDotAI/fasthtml) - The fastest way to create an HTML app. (PyPI downloads/month: 733422, GitHub stars: 7061) - Asynchronous - [starlette](https://github.com/Kludex/starlette) - A lightweight ASGI framework and toolkit for building high-performance async services. (PyPI downloads/month: 588265836, GitHub stars: 12679) - [tornado](https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado) - A web framework and asynchronous networking library. (PyPI downloads/month: 108163321, GitHub stars: 22168) - [litestar](https://github.com/litestar-org/litestar) - Production-ready, capable and extensible ASGI Web framework. (PyPI downloads/month: 1712937, GitHub stars: 8526) - [reflex](https://github.com/reflex-dev/reflex) - A framework for building reactive, full-stack web applications entirely with Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 279947, GitHub stars: 28968) ### Web APIs _Libraries for building RESTful, GraphQL, and RPC APIs._ - Django - [django-rest-framework](https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework) - A powerful and flexible toolkit to build web APIs. (PyPI downloads/month: 26697834, GitHub stars: 30211) - [django-ninja](https://github.com/vitalik/django-ninja) - Fast, Django REST framework based on type hints and Pydantic. (PyPI downloads/month: 4578887, GitHub stars: 9217) - [strawberry-django](https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry-django) - Strawberry GraphQL integration with Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 2179696, GitHub stars: 504) - [django-modern-rest](https://github.com/wemake-services/django-modern-rest) - Modern REST with speed, types, async, `msgspec`, `pydantic` and other goodies. (PyPI downloads/month: 27723, GitHub stars: 1512) - Flask - [flask-restx](https://github.com/python-restx/flask-restx) - Fully featured framework for fast, easy and documented API development with Flask. (PyPI downloads/month: 1400944, GitHub stars: 2231) - [flask-smorest](https://github.com/marshmallow-code/flask-smorest) - A Flask/Marshmallow-based REST API framework with automatic OpenAPI documentation. (PyPI downloads/month: 321205, GitHub stars: 717) - [apiflask](https://github.com/apiflask/apiflask) - A lightweight Python web API framework based on Flask, supporting marshmallow schemas and Pydantic models. (PyPI downloads/month: 198736, GitHub stars: 1139) - Framework Agnostic - [fastapi](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi) - A modern, fast, web framework for building APIs with standard Python type hints. (PyPI downloads/month: 452042423, GitHub stars: 103311) - [strawberry](https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry) - A GraphQL library that leverages Python type annotations for schema definition. (PyPI downloads/month: 6579066, GitHub stars: 4726) - [connexion](https://github.com/spec-first/connexion) - A spec-first framework that handles requests based on your OpenAPI specification. (PyPI downloads/month: 3764995, GitHub stars: 4614) - RPC - [grpcio](https://github.com/grpc/grpc) - HTTP/2-based RPC framework with Python bindings, built by Google. (PyPI downloads/month: 344510162, GitHub stars: 45394) ### Web Servers _ASGI and WSGI compatible web servers._ - ASGI - [uvicorn](https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn) - A lightning-fast ASGI server implementation. (PyPI downloads/month: 564371136, GitHub stars: 11021) - [granian](https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian) - A Rust HTTP server for Python apps built on Hyper and Tokio, supporting WSGI/ASGI/RSGI. (PyPI downloads/month: 11353135, GitHub stars: 5724) - [hypercorn](https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn) - An ASGI and WSGI Server based on Hyper libraries and inspired by Gunicorn. (PyPI downloads/month: 7260358, GitHub stars: 1619) - WSGI - [gunicorn](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn) - A pre-fork WSGI server with a native ASGI worker, ported from Ruby's Unicorn project. (PyPI downloads/month: 107028650, GitHub stars: 10706) - [waitress](https://github.com/Pylons/waitress) - Multi-threaded, powers Pyramid. (PyPI downloads/month: 7005403, GitHub stars: 1603) ### WebSocket _Libraries for working with WebSocket._ - [websockets](https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets) - A library for building WebSocket servers and clients with a focus on correctness and simplicity. (PyPI downloads/month: 457448305, GitHub stars: 5736) - [channels](https://github.com/django/channels) - Brings WebSocket, long-poll HTTP, and other async support to Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 5666656, GitHub stars: 6364) - [flask-socketio](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/Flask-SocketIO) - Socket.IO integration for Flask applications. (PyPI downloads/month: 2345297, GitHub stars: 5506) - [autobahn-python](https://github.com/crossbario/autobahn-python) - WebSocket & WAMP for Python on Twisted and [asyncio](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html). (PyPI downloads/month: 9156758, GitHub stars: 2539) ### Template Engines _Libraries for rendering text and HTML from templates._ - [jinja](https://github.com/pallets/jinja) - A modern and designer friendly templating language. (PyPI downloads/month: 606079864, GitHub stars: 11798) - [mako](https://github.com/sqlalchemy/mako) - Hyperfast and lightweight templating for the Python platform. (PyPI downloads/month: 203516676, GitHub stars: 461) ### Web Asset Management _Tools for managing, storing, compressing and minifying website assets._ - [whitenoise](https://github.com/evansd/whitenoise) - Simplified static file serving for WSGI apps, with compression and caching headers. (PyPI downloads/month: 16772644, GitHub stars: 2765) - [django-storages](https://github.com/jschneier/django-storages) - A collection of custom storage back ends for Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 13926183, GitHub stars: 2962) - [django-compressor](https://github.com/django-compressor/django-compressor) - Compresses linked and inline JavaScript or CSS into a single cached file. (PyPI downloads/month: 2644607, GitHub stars: 2869) ### Authentication _Libraries for implementing authentication schemes._ - OAuth - [oauthlib](https://github.com/oauthlib/oauthlib) - A generic and thorough implementation of the OAuth request-signing logic. (PyPI downloads/month: 246089828, GitHub stars: 2988) - [authlib](https://github.com/authlib/authlib) - A comprehensive library for building OAuth, OpenID Connect, and JWT/JWS/JWE/JWK/JWA. (PyPI downloads/month: 119601196, GitHub stars: 5441) - [django-allauth](https://github.com/pennersr/django-allauth) - Authentication app for Django that "just works." (PyPI downloads/month: 5998041, GitHub stars: 10381) - [django-oauth-toolkit](https://github.com/django-oauth/django-oauth-toolkit) - An OAuth 2.0 authorization server for Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 5438974, GitHub stars: 3344) - JWT - [pyjwt](https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt) - JSON Web Token implementation in Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 654053872, GitHub stars: 5720) - Permissions - [django-guardian](https://github.com/django-guardian/django-guardian) - Implementation of per-object permissions for Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 960997, GitHub stars: 3921) - [django-rules](https://github.com/dfunckt/django-rules) - A tiny but powerful app for object-level permissions in Django, without a database. (PyPI downloads/month: 493886, GitHub stars: 1977) ### Admin Panels _Libraries for administrative interfaces._ - [flask-admin](https://github.com/pallets-eco/flask-admin) - Simple and extensible administrative interface framework for Flask. (PyPI downloads/month: 1454654, GitHub stars: 6070) - [django-unfold](https://github.com/unfoldadmin/django-unfold) - A modern Django admin theme for building dashboards, internal tools, and business applications. (PyPI downloads/month: 1614231, GitHub stars: 3725) - [sqladmin](https://github.com/smithyhq/sqladmin) - An admin interface for SQLAlchemy models in FastAPI and Starlette. (PyPI downloads/month: 1011241, GitHub stars: 2847) - [django-grappelli](https://github.com/sehmaschine/django-grappelli) - A jazzy skin for the Django Admin-Interface. (PyPI downloads/month: 309519, GitHub stars: 3946) ### CMS _Content Management Systems._ - [wagtail](https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail) - A Django content management system. (PyPI downloads/month: 682896, GitHub stars: 20581) - [django-cms](https://github.com/django-cms/django-cms) - The easy-to-use and developer-friendly enterprise CMS powered by Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 95619, GitHub stars: 10676) ### ERP _Enterprise resource planning frameworks._ - [odoo](https://github.com/odoo/odoo) - A suite of open source business apps: CRM, e-commerce, accounting, inventory, and thousands of community modules. (GitHub stars: 55227) ### Static Site Generators _Static site generator is a software that takes some text + templates as input and produces HTML files on the output._ - [pelican](https://github.com/getpelican/pelican) - Static site generator that supports Markdown and reST syntax. (PyPI downloads/month: 47083, GitHub stars: 13357) - [nikola](https://github.com/getnikola/nikola) - A static website and blog generator. (PyPI downloads/month: 13619, GitHub stars: 2750) **HTTP & Scraping** ### HTTP Clients _Libraries for working with HTTP._ - General - [requests](https://github.com/psf/requests) - HTTP Requests for Humans. (PyPI downloads/month: 1323051323, GitHub stars: 54536) - [aiohttp](https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp) - Asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 501292858, GitHub stars: 16583) - [httpx2](https://github.com/pydantic/httpx2) - HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 client with sync and async APIs, maintained by Pydantic ([httpx](https://github.com/encode/httpx) fork). (PyPI downloads/month: 293368853, GitHub stars: 1567) - [urllib3](https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3) - An HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more. (PyPI downloads/month: 1452156064, GitHub stars: 4076) - [httpx](https://github.com/encode/httpx) - A next generation HTTP client for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 689616022, GitHub stars: 15660) - URL Manipulation - [yarl](https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl) - Yet another URL library. (PyPI downloads/month: 500528642, GitHub stars: 1499) ### Web Scraping _Libraries to automate web scraping and extract web content._ - Frameworks - [browser-use](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use) - Make websites accessible for AI agents with easy browser automation. (PyPI downloads/month: 7983973, GitHub stars: 118755) - [scrapy](https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy) - A fast high-level web crawling and scraping framework. (PyPI downloads/month: 4531033, GitHub stars: 64931) - [crawl4ai](https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai) - An open-source, LLM-friendly web crawler that provides lightning-fast, structured data extraction specifically designed for AI agents. (PyPI downloads/month: 1411405, GitHub stars: 85981) - [stagehand](https://github.com/browserbase/stagehand) - A fast and token-efficient browser automation SDK to extract data and perform self-healing actions on web pages. (PyPI downloads/month: 1753459, GitHub stars: 25769) - [scrapling](https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling) - An adaptive scraping framework whose selectors relocate elements after page changes, with stealth fetchers and spiders. (PyPI downloads/month: 1001122, GitHub stars: 89008) - Content Extraction - [markdownify](https://github.com/matthewwithanm/python-markdownify) - Convert HTML to Markdown, with customizable tag handling. (PyPI downloads/month: 56453659, GitHub stars: 2255) - [feedparser](https://github.com/kurtmckee/feedparser) - Universal feed parser. (PyPI downloads/month: 15055028, GitHub stars: 2446) - [trafilatura](https://github.com/adbar/trafilatura) - A tool for gathering text and metadata from the web, with built-in content filtering. (PyPI downloads/month: 14642997, GitHub stars: 7002) ### Email _Libraries for sending email._ - [aiosmtplib](https://github.com/cole/aiosmtplib) - An asyncio SMTP client. (PyPI downloads/month: 12466934, GitHub stars: 435) - [django-anymail](https://github.com/anymail/django-anymail) - Django email backends and webhooks for transactional email services such as Amazon SES, Brevo, Mailgun, Postmark, and Resend. (PyPI downloads/month: 3592499, GitHub stars: 1912) - [yagmail](https://github.com/kootenpv/yagmail) - Yet another Gmail/SMTP client. (PyPI downloads/month: 266226, GitHub stars: 2739) **Database & Storage** ### ORM _Libraries that implement Object-Relational Mapping or data mapping techniques._ - Relational Databases - [sqlalchemy](https://github.com/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy) - The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper. (PyPI downloads/month: 365522395, GitHub stars: 12253) - [awesome-sqlalchemy](https://github.com/dahlia/awesome-sqlalchemy) (GitHub stars: 3069) - [django.db.models](https://github.com/django/django) - (part of Django) The Django [ORM](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/db/models/). (GitHub stars: 91476) - [peewee](https://github.com/coleifer/peewee) - A small, expressive ORM. (PyPI downloads/month: 40593355, GitHub stars: 11996) - [sqlmodel](https://github.com/fastapi/sqlmodel) - SQLModel is based on Python type annotations, and powered by Pydantic and SQLAlchemy. (PyPI downloads/month: 25138475, GitHub stars: 18444) - NoSQL Databases - [pynamodb](https://github.com/pynamodb/PynamoDB) - A Pythonic interface for [Amazon DynamoDB](https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/). (PyPI downloads/month: 2959507, GitHub stars: 2647) - [mongoengine](https://github.com/MongoEngine/mongoengine) - A Python Object-Document-Mapper for working with MongoDB. (PyPI downloads/month: 1651728, GitHub stars: 4348) - [beanie](https://github.com/BeanieODM/beanie) - An asynchronous Python object-document mapper (ODM) for MongoDB. (PyPI downloads/month: 1728114, GitHub stars: 2707) - [django-mongodb-backend](https://github.com/mongodb/django-mongodb-backend) - Official MongoDB database backend for Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 45935, GitHub stars: 228) ### Database Drivers _Libraries for connecting and operating databases._ - MySQL - [awesome-mysql](https://github.com/shlomi-noach/awesome-mysql) (GitHub stars: 2616) - [pymysql](https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL) - A pure-Python MySQL and MariaDB client library, based on PEP 249. (PyPI downloads/month: 77143158, GitHub stars: 7855) - [mysqlclient](https://github.com/PyMySQL/mysqlclient) - MySQL and MariaDB connector ([MySQLdb1](https://github.com/farcepest/MySQLdb1) fork). (PyPI downloads/month: 16520249, GitHub stars: 2538) - PostgreSQL - [awesome-postgres](https://github.com/dhamaniasad/awesome-postgres) (GitHub stars: 12122) - [psycopg](https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg) - A PostgreSQL adapter for Python, the successor to psycopg2. (PyPI downloads/month: 164250665, GitHub stars: 2511) - [asyncpg](https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg) - A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. (PyPI downloads/month: 123535677, GitHub stars: 8112) - [pgvector](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-python) - pgvector support for Python, adding vector types and similarity search to psycopg, asyncpg, SQLAlchemy, and Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 36339146, GitHub stars: 1537) - SQLite - [awesome-sqlite](https://github.com/planetopendata/awesome-sqlite) (GitHub stars: 407) - [sqlite3](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html) - (Python standard library) SQLite interface compliant with DB-API 2.0. - [apsw](https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw) - Another Python SQLite Wrapper, exposing the complete SQLite C API. (PyPI downloads/month: 1935683, GitHub stars: 948) - [sqlite-utils](https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils) - Python CLI utility and library for manipulating SQLite databases. (PyPI downloads/month: 1013163, GitHub stars: 2180) - ClickHouse - [clickhouse-connect](https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-connect) - The official ClickHouse client, with SQLAlchemy and Superset connectors. (PyPI downloads/month: 30593015, GitHub stars: 532) - [clickhouse-driver](https://github.com/mymarilyn/clickhouse-driver) - Python driver with native interface for ClickHouse. (PyPI downloads/month: 11777922, GitHub stars: 1307) - Other Relational Databases - [pyodbc](https://github.com/mkleehammer/pyodbc) - An ODBC bridge for connecting to SQL Server and any other ODBC-accessible database. (PyPI downloads/month: 28703717, GitHub stars: 3089) - [oracledb](https://github.com/oracle/python-oracledb) - The official Python driver for Oracle Database, successor to cx_Oracle. (PyPI downloads/month: 18777701, GitHub stars: 455) - [mssql-python](https://github.com/microsoft/mssql-python) - Official Microsoft driver for SQL Server and Azure SQL, built on ODBC for high performance. (PyPI downloads/month: 2753832, GitHub stars: 480) - NoSQL Databases - [redis](https://github.com/redis/redis-py) - The Python client for Redis. (PyPI downloads/month: 221712806, GitHub stars: 13651) - [pymongo](https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-python-driver) - The official Python client for MongoDB. (PyPI downloads/month: 69154687, GitHub stars: 4361) - [cassandra-driver](https://github.com/apache/cassandra-python-driver) - The Python Driver for Apache Cassandra. (PyPI downloads/month: 2803466, GitHub stars: 1430) ### Database _In-process databases usable directly from Python._ - Analytical - [duckdb](https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb) - An in-process SQL OLAP database management system; optimized for analytics and fast queries, similar to SQLite but for analytical workloads. (PyPI downloads/month: 63830449, GitHub stars: 42348) - [chdb](https://github.com/chdb-io/chdb) - In-process OLAP SQL engine with the full ClickHouse dialect, zero-copy pandas/Arrow interop, and federation to remote ClickHouse clusters via `remoteSecure()`. (PyPI downloads/month: 3550093, GitHub stars: 2920) - Vector - [lancedb](https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb) - A developer-friendly embedded retrieval database for multimodal AI. (PyPI downloads/month: 7812834, GitHub stars: 11732) - [chromadb](https://github.com/chroma-core/chroma) - An open-source embedding database for building AI applications with semantic search. (PyPI downloads/month: 7628537, GitHub stars: 29541) - [zvec](https://github.com/alibaba/zvec) - A lightweight, in-process vector database that embeds directly into applications. (PyPI downloads/month: 27231, GitHub stars: 16131) - Key-Value & Document - [tinydb](https://github.com/msiemens/tinydb) - A tiny, document-oriented database. (PyPI downloads/month: 4951209, GitHub stars: 7573) ### Caching _Libraries for caching data._ - General - [cachetools](https://github.com/tkem/cachetools) - Extensible memoizing collections and decorators. (PyPI downloads/month: 251349586, GitHub stars: 2790) - [diskcache](https://github.com/grantjenks/python-diskcache) - SQLite and file backed cache backend, compatible with Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 25546152, GitHub stars: 2913) - [dogpile.cache](https://github.com/sqlalchemy/dogpile.cache) - A caching API for Redis, Memcached, and others, with coordinated value regeneration. (PyPI downloads/month: 2024172, GitHub stars: 299) - HTTP Responses - [hishel](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel) - RFC 9111 compliant HTTP caching for clients like httpx and requests and servers like FastAPI, with sync and async support. (PyPI downloads/month: 2911294, GitHub stars: 416) - Django - [django-redis](https://github.com/jazzband/django-redis) - Full-featured Redis cache backend for Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 11382731, GitHub stars: 3086) - [django-cacheops](https://github.com/Suor/django-cacheops) - A slick ORM cache with automatic granular event-driven invalidation. (PyPI downloads/month: 2086071, GitHub stars: 2270) ### Search _Libraries and software for indexing and performing search queries on data._ - Full-Text Search - [opensearch-py](https://github.com/opensearch-project/opensearch-py) - The official low-level Python client for [OpenSearch](https://opensearch.org/). (PyPI downloads/month: 38538423, GitHub stars: 473) - [elasticsearch](https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch-py) - The official low-level Python client for [Elasticsearch](https://www.elastic.co/elasticsearch). (PyPI downloads/month: 34256827, GitHub stars: 4392) - [meilisearch](https://github.com/meilisearch/meilisearch-python) - The official Python client for the [Meilisearch](https://www.meilisearch.com/) search engine. (PyPI downloads/month: 701301, GitHub stars: 606) - [django-haystack](https://github.com/django-haystack/django-haystack) - Modular search for Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 241492, GitHub stars: 3723) - Vector Search - [faiss-cpu](https://github.com/facebookresearch/faiss) - A library for efficient similarity search and clustering of dense vectors. (PyPI downloads/month: 12686215, GitHub stars: 41185) ### Serialization _Libraries for serializing complex data types._ - Data Formats - [msgpack](https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-python) - MessagePack serializer implementation for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 212902434, GitHub stars: 2108) - [orjson](https://github.com/ijl/orjson) - Fast, correct JSON library. (PyPI downloads/month: 202696229, GitHub stars: 8270) - [marshmallow](https://github.com/marshmallow-code/marshmallow) - A lightweight library for converting complex objects to and from simple Python datatypes. (PyPI downloads/month: 88142050, GitHub stars: 7246) - [msgspec](https://github.com/msgspec/msgspec) - A fast serialization and validation library supporting JSON, MessagePack, YAML, and TOML. (PyPI downloads/month: 34066144, GitHub stars: 4177) - Object Pickling - [cloudpickle](https://github.com/cloudpipe/cloudpickle) - Extends pickle to functions, lambdas, and interactively defined classes, for shipping code to remote workers. (PyPI downloads/month: 189997628, GitHub stars: 1947) - [dill](https://github.com/uqfoundation/dill) - Extends pickle to serialize almost any object, including closures and interpreter sessions. (PyPI downloads/month: 152207038, GitHub stars: 2451) **Data & Science** ### Data Analysis _Libraries for data analysis._ - [pandas](https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas) - A library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools. (PyPI downloads/month: 609628257, GitHub stars: 50235) - [polars](https://github.com/pola-rs/polars) - A fast DataFrame library implemented in Rust with a Python API. (PyPI downloads/month: 56515730, GitHub stars: 40145) - [ibis-framework](https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis) - A portable Python dataframe library with a single API for 20+ backends. (PyPI downloads/month: 3446977, GitHub stars: 6679) ### Data Ingestion / ETL _Libraries for data extraction, transformation, and loading pipelines across multiple sources and destinations._ - General - [awswrangler](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-pandas) - Pandas integration with AWS services like Athena, Glue, Redshift, S3, and DynamoDB. (PyPI downloads/month: 85112015, GitHub stars: 4123) - [dlt](https://github.com/dlt-hub/dlt) - A Python library for building data pipelines with automatic schema inference, incremental loading, and support for multiple sources and destinations. (PyPI downloads/month: 5339347, GitHub stars: 5995) - Financial Data - [yfinance](https://github.com/ranaroussi/yfinance) - Easy Pythonic way to download market and financial data from Yahoo Finance. (PyPI downloads/month: 16836208, GitHub stars: 25578) - [akshare](https://github.com/akfamily/akshare) - A financial data interface library, with data provided for academic research only. (PyPI downloads/month: 998005, GitHub stars: 23031) - [edgartools](https://github.com/dgunning/edgartools) - Downloads SEC EDGAR filings and XBRL financial statements as structured data. (PyPI downloads/month: 1042143, GitHub stars: 2805) - [openbb](https://github.com/openbq-org/OpenBB) - A financial data platform for analysts, quants and AI agents. (PyPI downloads/month: 68905, GitHub stars: 74519) ### Data Validation _Libraries for validating data._ - [pydantic](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic) - Data validation using Python type hints. (PyPI downloads/month: 964668589, GitHub stars: 29123) - [jsonschema](https://github.com/python-jsonschema/jsonschema) - An implementation of [JSON Schema](https://json-schema.org/) for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 538331479, GitHub stars: 4992) - [great-expectations](https://github.com/fivetran/great_expectations) - A data quality framework for validating, documenting, and profiling data with declarative expectations. (PyPI downloads/month: 19369478, GitHub stars: 11890) - [pandera](https://github.com/unionai-oss/pandera) - A data validation library for dataframes, with support for pandas, polars, PySpark, and more. (PyPI downloads/month: 9137150, GitHub stars: 4490) ### Data Visualization _Libraries for visualizing data. Also see [awesome-javascript](https://github.com/sorrycc/awesome-javascript#data-visualization)._ - Plotting - [matplotlib](https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib) - A comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations. (PyPI downloads/month: 171700905, GitHub stars: 23385) - [plotly](https://github.com/plotly/plotly.py) - Interactive graphing library for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 54817643, GitHub stars: 18851) - [seaborn](https://github.com/mwaskom/seaborn) - Statistical data visualization using Matplotlib. (PyPI downloads/month: 29658865, GitHub stars: 14082) - [altair](https://github.com/vega/altair) - Declarative statistical visualization library for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 40601802, GitHub stars: 10502) - [bokeh](https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh) - Interactive Web Plotting for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 5980289, GitHub stars: 20457) - Specialized - [graphviz](https://github.com/xflr6/graphviz) - Simple Python interface for creating and rendering Graphviz graphs. (PyPI downloads/month: 35721929, GitHub stars: 1816) - [cartopy](https://github.com/SciTools/cartopy) - A cartographic Python library with matplotlib support. (PyPI downloads/month: 900347, GitHub stars: 1622) - [graphify](https://github.com/Graphify-Labs/graphify) - Turns code, SQL schemas, docs, papers, images, or videos into a queryable knowledge graph. (PyPI downloads/month: 1746067, GitHub stars: 131214) - Dashboards and Apps - [streamlit](https://github.com/streamlit/streamlit) - A framework which lets you build dashboards, generate reports, or create chat apps in minutes. (PyPI downloads/month: 21646579, GitHub stars: 46078) - [dash](https://github.com/plotly/dash) - A framework for building data apps and dashboards in pure Python, built on Plotly. (PyPI downloads/month: 7378756, GitHub stars: 24465) - [gradio](https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio) - Build and share machine learning apps, all in Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 5789738, GitHub stars: 43832) ### Geolocation _Libraries for geocoding addresses and working with latitudes and longitudes._ - [geopandas](https://github.com/geopandas/geopandas) - Python tools for geographic data (GeoSeries/GeoDataFrame) built on pandas. (PyPI downloads/month: 15009337, GitHub stars: 5282) - [geopy](https://github.com/geopy/geopy) - Python Geocoding Toolbox. (PyPI downloads/month: 11966621, GitHub stars: 4870) - [geojson](https://github.com/jazzband/geojson) - Python bindings and utilities for GeoJSON. (PyPI downloads/month: 3154708, GitHub stars: 1000) - [geodjango](https://github.com/django/django) - (part of Django) A world-class [geographic web framework](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/contrib/gis/). (GitHub stars: 91476) ### Science _Libraries for scientific computing. Also see [Python-for-Scientists](https://github.com/TomNicholas/Python-for-Scientists)._ - Core - [numpy](https://github.com/numpy/numpy) - A fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 925079505, GitHub stars: 33076) - [scipy](https://github.com/scipy/scipy) - Fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 334587472, GitHub stars: 15138) - [numba](https://github.com/numba/numba) - A NumPy-aware JIT compiler for Python, using LLVM. (PyPI downloads/month: 59314740, GitHub stars: 11182) - Symbolic Mathematics - [sympy](https://github.com/sympy/sympy) - A Python library for symbolic mathematics. (PyPI downloads/month: 140465782, GitHub stars: 15028) - Statistics - [statsmodels](https://github.com/statsmodels/statsmodels) - Statistical modeling and econometrics in Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 35343861, GitHub stars: 11698) - Biology and Chemistry - [rdkit](https://github.com/rdkit/rdkit) - Cheminformatics and Machine Learning Software. (PyPI downloads/month: 6723726, GitHub stars: 3631) - [biopython](https://github.com/biopython/biopython) - Biopython is a set of freely available tools for biological computation. (PyPI downloads/month: 5493388, GitHub stars: 5239) - Physics and Engineering - [pint](https://github.com/hgrecco/pint) - Operate and manipulate physical quantities with units and dimensional analysis. (PyPI downloads/month: 6682566, GitHub stars: 2814) - [astropy](https://github.com/astropy/astropy) - A community Python library for Astronomy. (PyPI downloads/month: 3260131, GitHub stars: 5352) - [obspy](https://github.com/obspy/obspy) - A Python toolbox for seismology. (PyPI downloads/month: 250724, GitHub stars: 1341) - Simulation and Modeling - [pymc](https://github.com/pymc-devs/pymc) - Probabilistic programming and Bayesian modeling in Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 1258093, GitHub stars: 9817) - [simpy](https://gitlab.com/team-simpy/simpy) - A process-based discrete-event simulation framework. (PyPI downloads/month: 628570) - [mesa](https://github.com/mesa/mesa) - An agent-based modeling framework for building, analyzing, and visualizing complex system simulations. (PyPI downloads/month: 51460, GitHub stars: 3907) - Graphs and Networks - [networkx](https://github.com/networkx/networkx) - A high-productivity software for complex networks. (PyPI downloads/month: 218840595, GitHub stars: 17347) - Computational Geometry - [shapely](https://github.com/shapely/shapely) - Manipulation and analysis of geometric objects in the Cartesian plane. (PyPI downloads/month: 68314392, GitHub stars: 4530) - Other - [colour-science](https://github.com/colour-science/colour) - Implementing a comprehensive number of colour theory transformations and algorithms. (PyPI downloads/month: 363816, GitHub stars: 2673) - [manim](https://github.com/ManimCommunity/manim) - An animation engine for explanatory math videos. (PyPI downloads/month: 187044, GitHub stars: 41745) ### Quantum Computing _Libraries for quantum computing._ - [qiskit](https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit) - An IBM-backed quantum SDK for building, simulating, and running circuits on real quantum hardware. (PyPI downloads/month: 983596, GitHub stars: 7914) - [qutip](https://github.com/qutip/qutip) - Quantum Toolbox in Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 281363, GitHub stars: 2087) - [pennylane](https://github.com/PennyLaneAI/pennylane) - A cross-platform library for quantum computing, quantum ML, and quantum chemistry. (PyPI downloads/month: 175278, GitHub stars: 3507) - [cirq](https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq) - A Google-developed framework focused on hardware-aware quantum circuit design for NISQ devices. (PyPI downloads/month: 101199, GitHub stars: 5086) **Developer Tools** ### Algorithms and Design Patterns _Python implementation of data structures, algorithms and design patterns. Also see [awesome-algorithms](https://github.com/tayllan/awesome-algorithms)._ - Algorithms - [sortedcontainers](https://github.com/grantjenks/python-sortedcontainers) - Fast and pure-Python implementation of sorted collections. (PyPI downloads/month: 232094175, GitHub stars: 3984) - [algorithms](https://github.com/keon/algorithms) - Minimal examples of data structures and algorithms. (PyPI downloads/month: 1416, GitHub stars: 25575) - [thealgorithms](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python) - All Algorithms implemented in Python. (GitHub stars: 225434) - Design Patterns - [python-patterns](https://github.com/faif/python-patterns) - A collection of design patterns and idioms in Python. (GitHub stars: 43062) - [python-statemachine](https://github.com/fgmacedo/python-statemachine) - Expressive statecharts and finite state machines with a declarative API, in sync and async codebases. (PyPI downloads/month: 1467711, GitHub stars: 1326) ### Interactive Interpreter _Interactive Python interpreters (REPL)._ - [ipython](https://github.com/ipython/ipython) - A powerful interactive Python shell, and the kernel behind Jupyter notebooks. (PyPI downloads/month: 104138217, GitHub stars: 16792) - [notebook](https://github.com/jupyter/notebook) - A web-based notebook environment for interactive computing. (PyPI downloads/month: 30096848, GitHub stars: 13458) - [awesome-jupyter](https://github.com/markusschanta/awesome-jupyter) (GitHub stars: 4679) - [marimo](https://github.com/marimo-team/marimo) - A reactive notebook for Python, stored as pure Python and runnable as a script or app. (PyPI downloads/month: 2584844, GitHub stars: 23274) - [ptpython](https://github.com/prompt-toolkit/ptpython) - Advanced Python REPL built on top of the [python-prompt-toolkit](https://github.com/prompt-toolkit/python-prompt-toolkit). (PyPI downloads/month: 1460886, GitHub stars: 5458) ### Code Analysis _Tools of static analysis, linters and code quality checkers. Also see [awesome-static-analysis](https://github.com/analysis-tools-dev/static-analysis)._ - General - [import-linter](https://github.com/seddonym/import-linter) - A linter that enforces architectural constraints on imports between Python modules. (PyPI downloads/month: 27977420, GitHub stars: 1232) - [vulture](https://github.com/jendrikseipp/vulture) - A tool for finding and analyzing dead Python code. (PyPI downloads/month: 14825907, GitHub stars: 4854) - [complexipy](https://github.com/rohaquinlop/complexipy) - Cognitive complexity analysis for Python code, written in Rust. (PyPI downloads/month: 1335291, GitHub stars: 892) - [prospector](https://github.com/prospector-dev/prospector) - A tool to analyze Python code. (PyPI downloads/month: 298857, GitHub stars: 2083) - Git Hooks - [pre-commit](https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit) - A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks. (PyPI downloads/month: 148076858, GitHub stars: 15647) - Linters and Formatters - [ruff](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff) - An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter. (PyPI downloads/month: 355260597, GitHub stars: 50202) - [black](https://github.com/psf/black) - The uncompromising Python code formatter. (PyPI downloads/month: 120452131, GitHub stars: 41965) - [isort](https://github.com/PyCQA/isort) - A Python utility / library to sort imports. (PyPI downloads/month: 95701886, GitHub stars: 6962) - [pylint](https://github.com/pylint-dev/pylint) - A fully customizable source code analyzer. (PyPI downloads/month: 39646224, GitHub stars: 5740) - [flake8](https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8) - A wrapper around `pycodestyle`, `pyflakes` and McCabe. (PyPI downloads/month: 41802959, GitHub stars: 3830) - [awesome-flake8-extensions](https://github.com/DmytroLitvinov/awesome-flake8-extensions) (GitHub stars: 1283) - [bandit](https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit) - A tool designed to find common security issues in Python code. (PyPI downloads/month: 26802024, GitHub stars: 8330) - Refactoring - [rope](https://github.com/python-rope/rope) - Rope is a Python refactoring library. (PyPI downloads/month: 1544185, GitHub stars: 2244) - [ast-grep-cli](https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep) - A CLI tool for structural code search, linting, and rewriting based on syntax trees. (PyPI downloads/month: 3452494, GitHub stars: 16305) - Type Checkers - [awesome-python-typing](https://github.com/typeddjango/awesome-python-typing) (GitHub stars: 1988) - [mypy](https://github.com/python/mypy) - A static type checker for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 183602004, GitHub stars: 20692) - [ty](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty) - An extremely fast Python type checker and language server. (PyPI downloads/month: 45358805, GitHub stars: 19902) - [pyright](https://github.com/microsoft/pyright) - Full-featured static type checker for Python from Microsoft, the engine behind Pylance. (PyPI downloads/month: 46034609, GitHub stars: 15692) - [pyrefly](https://github.com/facebook/pyrefly) - A fast type checker and language server for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 8889649, GitHub stars: 7120) ### Testing _Libraries for testing codebases and generating test data. Also see [awesome-python-testing](https://github.com/cleder/awesome-python-testing)._ - Frameworks - [pytest](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest) - A mature full-featured Python testing tool. (PyPI downloads/month: 854010652, GitHub stars: 14621) - [awesome-pytest](https://github.com/augustogoulart/awesome-pytest) (GitHub stars: 577) - [hypothesis](https://github.com/HypothesisWorks/hypothesis) - Hypothesis is an advanced Quickcheck style property based testing library. (PyPI downloads/month: 58703454, GitHub stars: 9099) - [robotframework](https://github.com/robotframework/robotframework) - A generic test automation framework. (PyPI downloads/month: 3692962, GitHub stars: 11957) - Test Runners - [tox](https://github.com/tox-dev/tox) - Auto builds and tests distributions in multiple Python versions. (PyPI downloads/month: 16003842, GitHub stars: 3974) - [nox](https://github.com/wntrblm/nox) - Flexible test automation for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 4140874, GitHub stars: 1559) - Browser Automation - [playwright-python](https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python) - Python version of the Playwright testing and automation library. (PyPI downloads/month: 111510135, GitHub stars: 15056) - [selenium](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium) - Python bindings for [Selenium](https://selenium.dev/) [WebDriver](https://selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/). (PyPI downloads/month: 30224734, GitHub stars: 34565) - [seleniumbase](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase) - Python framework for web automation & testing, with stealth options. (PyPI downloads/month: 1509129, GitHub stars: 13108) - Load Testing - [locust](https://github.com/locustio/locust) - Scalable user load testing tool written in Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 9985580, GitHub stars: 28228) - API Testing - [schemathesis](https://github.com/schemathesis/schemathesis) - Automatic property-based testing of web APIs from OpenAPI or GraphQL schemas. (PyPI downloads/month: 4169802, GitHub stars: 3689) - Mock - [unittest.mock](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html) - (Python standard library) A mocking and patching library. - [responses](https://github.com/getsentry/responses) - A utility library for mocking out the requests Python library. (PyPI downloads/month: 58746701, GitHub stars: 4343) - [vcrpy](https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy) - Record and replay HTTP interactions on your tests. (PyPI downloads/month: 20772740, GitHub stars: 3021) - [respx](https://github.com/lundberg/respx) - Mock HTTPX with awesome request patterns and response side effects. (PyPI downloads/month: 27640013, GitHub stars: 841) - [time-machine](https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine) - Travel through time in your tests by mocking the current time at the C level. (PyPI downloads/month: 21117551, GitHub stars: 1016) - Object Factories - [factory-boy](https://github.com/FactoryBoy/factory_boy) - A test fixtures replacement for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 22191477, GitHub stars: 3811) - [polyfactory](https://github.com/litestar-org/polyfactory) - A mock data generation library based on type hints (continuation of `pydantic-factories`). (PyPI downloads/month: 12623712, GitHub stars: 1517) - Code Coverage - [coverage](https://github.com/coveragepy/coveragepy) - Code coverage measurement. (PyPI downloads/month: 305854715, GitHub stars: 3423) - Fake Data - [faker](https://github.com/joke2k/faker) - A Python package that generates fake data. (PyPI downloads/month: 71152559, GitHub stars: 19454) - [mimesis](https://github.com/lk-geimfari/mimesis) - A Python library for generating fake but realistic data in multiple languages and locales. (PyPI downloads/month: 2059460, GitHub stars: 4853) ### Debugging Tools _Libraries for debugging code._ - pdb-like Debugger - [ipdb](https://github.com/gotcha/ipdb) - IPython-enabled [pdb](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pdb.html). (PyPI downloads/month: 13887751, GitHub stars: 1976) - [pudb](https://github.com/inducer/pudb) - A full-screen, console-based Python debugger. (PyPI downloads/month: 702195, GitHub stars: 3249) - Tracing - [viztracer](https://github.com/gaogaotiantian/viztracer) - A low-overhead tool that traces and visualizes Python code execution. (PyPI downloads/month: 1279559, GitHub stars: 7760) - Profiler - [py-spy](https://github.com/benfred/py-spy) - A sampling profiler for Python programs. Written in Rust. (PyPI downloads/month: 18435889, GitHub stars: 15593) - [memray](https://github.com/bloomberg/memray) - Tracks memory allocations in Python code, native extensions, and the interpreter itself. (PyPI downloads/month: 11082092, GitHub stars: 15392) - [pyinstrument](https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument) - A statistical wall-clock profiler with low overhead and readable call-tree output. (PyPI downloads/month: 8741029, GitHub stars: 8019) - [scalene](https://github.com/plasma-umass/scalene) - A high-performance, high-precision CPU, GPU, and memory profiler for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 370323, GitHub stars: 13528) - Others - [django-debug-toolbar](https://github.com/django-commons/django-debug-toolbar) - Display various debug information for Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 9588195, GitHub stars: 8379) - [django-silk](https://github.com/jazzband/django-silk) - Live profiling and inspection of HTTP requests and database queries for Django. (PyPI downloads/month: 2561924, GitHub stars: 4997) - [icecream](https://github.com/gruns/icecream) - Inspect variables, expressions, and program execution with a single, simple function call. (PyPI downloads/month: 1318348, GitHub stars: 10110) - [flask-debugtoolbar](https://github.com/pallets-eco/flask-debugtoolbar) - A port of the django-debug-toolbar to flask. (PyPI downloads/month: 305094, GitHub stars: 978) ### Build Tools _Task runners and software build tools. If you're looking for Python packaging/build tools, see [Package Management](https://awesome-python.com/categories/package-management/)._ - [invoke](https://github.com/pyinvoke/invoke) - A tool for managing shell-oriented subprocesses and organizing executable Python code into CLI-invokable tasks. (PyPI downloads/month: 64777085, GitHub stars: 4780) - [poethepoet](https://github.com/nat-n/poethepoet) - A task runner that defines tasks in pyproject.toml and works with poetry or uv. (PyPI downloads/month: 6749545, GitHub stars: 2090) - [scons](https://github.com/SCons/scons) - A software construction tool. (PyPI downloads/month: 644256, GitHub stars: 2436) - [doit](https://github.com/pydoit/doit) - A task runner and build tool. (PyPI downloads/month: 601718, GitHub stars: 2096) ### Documentation _Libraries for generating project documentation._ - [sphinx](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx) - Python Documentation generator. (PyPI downloads/month: 19052003, GitHub stars: 8070) - [awesome-sphinxdoc](https://github.com/ygzgxyz/awesome-sphinxdoc) (GitHub stars: 979) - [mkdocs-material](https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material) - A documentation framework and Material Design theme built on MkDocs. (PyPI downloads/month: 13252921, GitHub stars: 27584) - [diagrams](https://github.com/mingrammer/diagrams) - Diagram as Code. (PyPI downloads/month: 891572, GitHub stars: 42750) - [pdoc](https://github.com/mitmproxy/pdoc) - Auto-generates API documentation for Python projects. (PyPI downloads/month: 1120995, GitHub stars: 2518) - [zensical](https://github.com/zensical/zensical) - A modern static site generator for technical documentation. (PyPI downloads/month: 1798977, GitHub stars: 5967) **DevOps** ### DevOps Tools _Software and libraries for DevOps._ - Cloud Providers - [boto3](https://github.com/boto/boto3) - Python interface to Amazon Web Services. (PyPI downloads/month: 2569488957, GitHub stars: 9918) - [awscli](https://github.com/aws/aws-cli) - Universal Command Line Interface for Amazon Web Services; the PyPI package is v1, in maintenance mode, while v2 ships as AWS's bundled installer. (PyPI downloads/month: 86326806, GitHub stars: 17316) - [azure-sdk-for-python](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-python) - Microsoft Azure SDK for Python, published as per-service packages. (GitHub stars: 5621) - [google-cloud-python](https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-python) - Google Cloud client libraries for Python, published as per-service packages. (GitHub stars: 5412) - Configuration Management - [ansible](https://github.com/ansible/ansible) - A radically simple IT automation platform. (PyPI downloads/month: 8299362, GitHub stars: 71046) - [cloud-init](https://github.com/canonical/cloud-init) - A multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance. (GitHub stars: 3837) - [pyinfra](https://github.com/pyinfra-dev/pyinfra) - Turns Python code into shell commands and runs them on your servers. (PyPI downloads/month: 236262, GitHub stars: 6042) - [salt](https://github.com/saltstack/salt) - Infrastructure automation and management system. (PyPI downloads/month: 142869, GitHub stars: 15720) - Deployment - [fabric](https://github.com/fabric/fabric) - A simple, Pythonic tool for remote execution and deployment. (PyPI downloads/month: 7633457, GitHub stars: 15519) - [chalice](https://github.com/aws/chalice) - A Python serverless microframework for AWS. (PyPI downloads/month: 479665, GitHub stars: 11057) - Monitoring and Processes - [psutil](https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil) - A cross-platform process and system utilities module. (PyPI downloads/month: 318752626, GitHub stars: 11304) - [sentry-sdk](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-python) - Sentry SDK for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 143915667, GitHub stars: 2216) - [supervisor](https://github.com/Supervisor/supervisor) - Supervisor process control system for UNIX. (PyPI downloads/month: 8040020, GitHub stars: 9148) - [flower](https://github.com/mher/flower) - A real-time monitor and web admin for Celery task queues. (PyPI downloads/month: 8640327, GitHub stars: 7238) - [sh](https://github.com/amoffat/sh) - A full-fledged subprocess replacement for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 6818694, GitHub stars: 7246) - Other - [borgbackup](https://github.com/borgbackup/borg) - A deduplicating archiver with compression and encryption. (PyPI downloads/month: 82001, GitHub stars: 13868) ### Distributed Computing _Frameworks and libraries for Distributed Computing._ - [pyspark](https://github.com/apache/spark) - [Apache Spark](https://spark.apache.org/) Python API. (PyPI downloads/month: 49416458, GitHub stars: 44262) - [dask](https://github.com/dask/dask) - A flexible parallel computing library for analytic computing. (PyPI downloads/month: 30129847, GitHub stars: 13935) - [ray](https://github.com/ray-project/ray) - A unified framework for scaling AI and Python applications. (PyPI downloads/month: 15083043, GitHub stars: 44101) - [joblib](https://github.com/joblib/joblib) - Parallel computing and disk-based caching for Python functions. (PyPI downloads/month: 175850573, GitHub stars: 4411) - [mpi4py](https://github.com/mpi4py/mpi4py) - Python bindings for MPI. (PyPI downloads/month: 590831, GitHub stars: 931) ### Task Queues _Libraries for working with task queues._ - [celery](https://github.com/celery/celery) - An asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing. (PyPI downloads/month: 47514022, GitHub stars: 29030) - [rq](https://github.com/rq/rq) - Simple job queues for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 10365930, GitHub stars: 10694) - [dramatiq](https://github.com/Bogdanp/dramatiq) - A fast and reliable background task processing library for Python 3. (PyPI downloads/month: 2110985, GitHub stars: 5330) - [huey](https://github.com/coleifer/huey) - A little task queue with multi-process, multi-thread, or greenlet workers. (PyPI downloads/month: 13187016, GitHub stars: 6054) - [taskiq](https://github.com/taskiq-python/taskiq) - Distributed task queue with native asyncio support and pluggable brokers. (PyPI downloads/month: 2362155, GitHub stars: 2361) ### Messaging _Libraries for working with message brokers and event streaming._ - [confluent-kafka](https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python) - Confluent's Python client for Apache Kafka, built on librdkafka. (PyPI downloads/month: 43557652, GitHub stars: 522) - [pika](https://github.com/pika/pika) - Pure-Python RabbitMQ/AMQP 0-9-1 client library. (PyPI downloads/month: 11982778, GitHub stars: 3888) - [paho-mqtt](https://github.com/eclipse-paho/paho.mqtt.python) - The Eclipse Paho MQTT client for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 8912629, GitHub stars: 2430) - [faststream](https://github.com/ag2ai/faststream) - A framework for building async services over Kafka, RabbitMQ, NATS, MQTT, and Redis. (PyPI downloads/month: 1459012, GitHub stars: 5378) ### Job Schedulers _Libraries for scheduling jobs._ - Task Scheduling - [apscheduler](https://github.com/agronholm/apscheduler) - A light but powerful in-process task scheduler that lets you schedule functions. (PyPI downloads/month: 39305519, GitHub stars: 7662) - [schedule](https://github.com/dbader/schedule) - Python job scheduling for humans. (PyPI downloads/month: 5919714, GitHub stars: 12267) - Workflow Orchestration - [temporalio](https://github.com/temporalio/sdk-python) - Temporal SDK for durable, fault-tolerant workflows that survive crashes and retries. (PyPI downloads/month: 39879448, GitHub stars: 1228) - [dagster](https://github.com/dagster-io/dagster) - An orchestration platform for the development, production, and observation of data assets. (PyPI downloads/month: 8770912, GitHub stars: 16308) - [apache-airflow](https://github.com/apache/airflow) - Airflow is a platform to programmatically author, schedule and monitor workflows. (PyPI downloads/month: 6781143, GitHub stars: 47242) - [prefect](https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect) - A modern workflow orchestration framework that makes it easy to build, schedule and monitor robust data pipelines. (PyPI downloads/month: 7951406, GitHub stars: 24055) ### Logging _Libraries for generating and working with logs._ - [logging](https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html) - (Python standard library) Logging facility for Python. - [structlog](https://github.com/hynek/structlog) - Structured logging made easy. (PyPI downloads/month: 105117680, GitHub stars: 4979) - [loguru](https://github.com/Delgan/loguru) - Library which aims to bring enjoyable logging in Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 71266216, GitHub stars: 24152) - [logfire](https://github.com/pydantic/logfire) - The observability platform for Python, from the makers of Pydantic. (PyPI downloads/month: 16096961, GitHub stars: 4518) ### Network Virtualization _Tools and libraries for packet manipulation and network device automation._ - [scapy](https://github.com/secdev/scapy) - A brilliant packet manipulation library. (PyPI downloads/month: 3546021, GitHub stars: 12644) - [netmiko](https://github.com/ktbyers/netmiko) - Multi-vendor library to simplify CLI connections to network devices. (PyPI downloads/month: 964872, GitHub stars: 4310) - [napalm](https://github.com/napalm-automation/napalm) - Cross-vendor API to manipulate network devices. (PyPI downloads/month: 121866, GitHub stars: 2516) **CLI & GUI** ### CLI Development _Libraries for building command-line applications._ - General - [argparse](https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html) - (Python standard library) Command-line option and argument parsing. - [click](https://github.com/pallets/click) - A package for creating beautiful command line interfaces in a composable way. (PyPI downloads/month: 927351736, GitHub stars: 17795) - [typer](https://github.com/fastapi/typer) - Modern CLI framework that uses Python type hints. Built on Click. (PyPI downloads/month: 271529489, GitHub stars: 20160) - [prompt_toolkit](https://github.com/prompt-toolkit/python-prompt-toolkit) - A library for building powerful interactive command lines. (PyPI downloads/month: 200227914, GitHub stars: 10600) - [cyclopts](https://github.com/BrianPugh/cyclopts) - Build CLIs from type-hinted functions, with docstring-based help. (PyPI downloads/month: 73702937, GitHub stars: 1281) - Terminal Rendering - [rich](https://github.com/Textualize/rich) - Python library for rich text and beautiful formatting in the terminal. Also provides a great `RichHandler` log handler. (PyPI downloads/month: 501542193, GitHub stars: 57596) - [tqdm](https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm) - Fast, extensible progress bar for loops and CLI. (PyPI downloads/month: 448080214, GitHub stars: 31359) - [colorama](https://github.com/tartley/colorama) - Cross-platform colored terminal text. (PyPI downloads/month: 269137344, GitHub stars: 3797) - [alive-progress](https://github.com/rsalmei/alive-progress) - A new kind of Progress Bar, with real-time throughput, eta and very cool animations. (PyPI downloads/month: 2721534, GitHub stars: 6318) - TUI Frameworks - [textual](https://github.com/Textualize/textual) - A framework for building interactive user interfaces that run in the terminal and the browser. (PyPI downloads/month: 56382445, GitHub stars: 37497) - [urwid](https://github.com/urwid/urwid) - A library for creating terminal GUI applications with strong support for widgets, events, rich colors, etc. (PyPI downloads/month: 5457024, GitHub stars: 3025) - [asciimatics](https://github.com/peterbrittain/asciimatics) - A package to create full-screen text UIs (from interactive forms to ASCII animations). (PyPI downloads/month: 77137, GitHub stars: 4309) ### CLI Tools _Useful CLI-based tools._ - Database CLIs - [pgcli](https://github.com/dbcli/pgcli) - PostgreSQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting. (PyPI downloads/month: 254226, GitHub stars: 13422) - [mycli](https://github.com/dbcli/mycli) - MySQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting. (PyPI downloads/month: 91422, GitHub stars: 11985) - [litecli](https://github.com/dbcli/litecli) - SQLite CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting. (PyPI downloads/month: 56253, GitHub stars: 3317) - [iredis](https://github.com/laixintao/iredis) - Redis CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting. (PyPI downloads/month: 14520, GitHub stars: 2763) - Downloaders - [yt-dlp](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp) - A command-line video downloader for YouTube and other sites, a fork of youtube-dl. (PyPI downloads/month: 14966847, GitHub stars: 199921) - HTTP Clients - [httpie](https://github.com/httpie/cli) - A command line HTTP client, a user-friendly cURL replacement. (PyPI downloads/month: 647374, GitHub stars: 38665) - Project Scaffolding - [cookiecutter](https://github.com/cookiecutter/cookiecutter) - A command-line utility that creates projects from cookiecutters (project templates). (PyPI downloads/month: 7058166, GitHub stars: 25159) - [copier](https://github.com/copier-org/copier) - A library and command-line utility for rendering project templates. (PyPI downloads/month: 1767033, GitHub stars: 3650) - Shells - [xonsh](https://github.com/xonsh/xonsh) - A Python-powered shell. Full-featured and cross-platform. (PyPI downloads/month: 415749, GitHub stars: 9681) - Terminal Workflow - [tmuxp](https://github.com/tmux-python/tmuxp) - A [tmux](https://github.com/tmux/tmux) session manager. (PyPI downloads/month: 109879, GitHub stars: 4589) ### GUI Development _Libraries for working with graphical user interface applications._ - Desktop - [PyGObject](https://github.com/GNOME/pygobject) - Python Bindings for GLib/GObject/GIO/GTK. (PyPI downloads/month: 797262, GitHub stars: 160) - [dearpygui](https://github.com/hoffstadt/DearPyGui) - A simple GPU-accelerated Python GUI framework. (PyPI downloads/month: 218784, GitHub stars: 15651) - [Kivy](https://github.com/kivy/kivy) - An open-source cross-platform GUI framework for desktop, mobile, and embedded devices. (PyPI downloads/month: 179768, GitHub stars: 19029) - [wxPython](https://github.com/wxWidgets/Phoenix) - A cross-platform GUI toolkit that wraps the wxWidgets C++ library. (PyPI downloads/month: 170236, GitHub stars: 2630) - [toga](https://github.com/beeware/toga) - A Python native, OS native GUI toolkit. (PyPI downloads/month: 16374, GitHub stars: 5422) - Qt - [PySide6](https://github.com/pyside/pyside-setup) - Qt for Python offers the official Python bindings for [Qt](https://www.qt.io/), largely API-compatible with PyQt6 but with different licensing. (PyPI downloads/month: 3555059, GitHub stars: 134) - [PyQt6](https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/static/Docs/PyQt6/) - Python bindings for the [Qt](https://www.qt.io/) cross-platform application and UI framework. (PyPI downloads/month: 1564696) - Tkinter - [tkinter](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tkinter.html) - (Python standard library) The standard Python interface to the Tcl/Tk GUI toolkit. - [customtkinter](https://github.com/tomschimansky/customtkinter) - A modern and customizable Python UI-library based on Tkinter. (PyPI downloads/month: 680498, GitHub stars: 13586) - Web-based - [pywebview](https://github.com/r0x0r/pywebview) - A lightweight cross-platform native wrapper around a webview component. (PyPI downloads/month: 1592479, GitHub stars: 6123) - [nicegui](https://github.com/zauberzeug/nicegui) - An easy-to-use, Python-based UI framework, which shows up in your web browser. (PyPI downloads/month: 1148997, GitHub stars: 16304) - [flet](https://github.com/flet-dev/flet) - Cross-platform GUI framework for building modern apps in pure Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 309715, GitHub stars: 17401) **Text & Documents** ### Text Processing _Libraries for parsing and manipulating plain texts._ - Encoding and Unicode - [charset-normalizer](https://github.com/jawah/charset_normalizer) - Universal character encoding detector, and a dependency of requests. (PyPI downloads/month: 1326355506, GitHub stars: 804) - [chardet](https://github.com/chardet/chardet) - Python character encoding detector. (PyPI downloads/month: 159216263, GitHub stars: 2681) - [ftfy](https://github.com/rspeer/python-ftfy) - Makes Unicode text less broken and more consistent automagically. (PyPI downloads/month: 15010856, GitHub stars: 4068) - Fuzzy Matching - [rapidfuzz](https://github.com/rapidfuzz/RapidFuzz) - Rapid fuzzy string matching using various string metrics, with a C++ core. (PyPI downloads/month: 124672629, GitHub stars: 4173) - General - [difflib](https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html) - (Python standard library) Helpers for computing deltas. - [pyfiglet](https://github.com/pwaller/pyfiglet) - An implementation of figlet written in Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 6902019, GitHub stars: 1592) - Internationalization - [babel](https://github.com/python-babel/babel) - An internationalization library for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 110277171, GitHub stars: 1472) - Parser - [pygments](https://github.com/pygments/pygments) - A generic syntax highlighter. (PyPI downloads/month: 1037715955, GitHub stars: 2215) - [pyparsing](https://github.com/pyparsing/pyparsing) - A Python library for creating PEG parsers. (PyPI downloads/month: 351197005, GitHub stars: 2496) - [sqlparse](https://github.com/andialbrecht/sqlparse) - A non-validating SQL parser. (PyPI downloads/month: 115766580, GitHub stars: 4023) - [phonenumbers](https://github.com/daviddrysdale/python-phonenumbers) - Parsing, formatting, storing and validating international phone numbers. (PyPI downloads/month: 38115139, GitHub stars: 3775) - [parsy](https://github.com/python-parsy/parsy) - Easy, generic parser combinator library for creating parsers. (PyPI downloads/month: 4166526, GitHub stars: 454) - Transliteration and Slugs - [python-slugify](https://github.com/un33k/python-slugify) - A Python slugify library that translates unicode to ASCII. (PyPI downloads/month: 71056514, GitHub stars: 1627) - [unidecode](https://github.com/avian2/unidecode) - ASCII transliterations of Unicode text. (PyPI downloads/month: 27480948, GitHub stars: 611) - Unique identifiers - [shortuuid](https://github.com/skorokithakis/shortuuid) - A generator library for concise, unambiguous and URL-safe UUIDs. (PyPI downloads/month: 18680745, GitHub stars: 2198) ### HTML Manipulation _Libraries for working with HTML and XML._ - [lxml](https://github.com/lxml/lxml) - A very fast, easy-to-use and versatile library for handling HTML and XML. (PyPI downloads/month: 365476760, GitHub stars: 3067) - [beautifulsoup4](https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/) - Providing Pythonic idioms for iterating, searching, and modifying HTML or XML. (PyPI downloads/month: 299375028) - [xmltodict](https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict) - Working with XML feel like you are working with JSON. (PyPI downloads/month: 101996188, GitHub stars: 5760) - [markupsafe](https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe) - Safely adds untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. (PyPI downloads/month: 724410235, GitHub stars: 699) - [justhtml](https://github.com/EmilStenstrom/justhtml) - A pure Python HTML5 parser that sanitizes untrusted HTML by default. (PyPI downloads/month: 164660, GitHub stars: 1159) ### File Format Processing _Libraries for parsing and manipulating specific file formats._ - General - [pyelftools](https://github.com/eliben/pyelftools) - Parsing and analyzing ELF files and DWARF debugging information. (PyPI downloads/month: 11554744, GitHub stars: 2289) - [tablib](https://github.com/jazzband/tablib) - A module for Tabular Datasets in XLS, CSV, JSON, YAML. (PyPI downloads/month: 5369612, GitHub stars: 4761) - File Conversion - [markitdown](https://github.com/microsoft/markitdown) - Python tool for converting files and office documents to Markdown. (PyPI downloads/month: 15577214, GitHub stars: 191449) - [pypandoc](https://github.com/JessicaTegner/pypandoc) - A thin wrapper for pandoc, the universal document converter. (PyPI downloads/month: 4703992, GitHub stars: 1151) - [docling](https://github.com/docling-project/docling) - Library for converting documents into structured data. (PyPI downloads/month: 3487695, GitHub stars: 69268) - Excel - [openpyxl](https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) - A library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files. (PyPI downloads/month: 310464639) - [xlsxwriter](https://github.com/jmcnamara/XlsxWriter) - A Python module for creating Excel .xlsx files. (PyPI downloads/month: 126190706, GitHub stars: 3985) - Word - [python-docx](https://github.com/python-openxml/python-docx) - Creates, reads, and updates Microsoft Word (.docx) files. (PyPI downloads/month: 109060564, GitHub stars: 5748) - PowerPoint - [python-pptx](https://github.com/scanny/python-pptx) - Python library for creating and updating PowerPoint (.pptx) files. (PyPI downloads/month: 87599269, GitHub stars: 3561) - PDF - [pypdf](https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf) - A library capable of splitting, merging, cropping, and transforming PDF pages. (PyPI downloads/month: 150713653, GitHub stars: 10265) - [pymupdf](https://github.com/pymupdf/PyMuPDF) - A fast MuPDF-based library for extracting, rendering, and editing PDFs and other documents. (PyPI downloads/month: 96322625, GitHub stars: 10953) - [reportlab](https://docs.reportlab.com/) - An open-source library for generating PDFs and graphics. (PyPI downloads/month: 70782123) - [pdfminer.six](https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six) - A community-maintained fork of PDFMiner for extracting information from PDF documents. (PyPI downloads/month: 57643811, GitHub stars: 7042) - HTML-to-PDF - [weasyprint](https://github.com/Kozea/WeasyPrint) - A visual rendering engine for HTML and CSS that can export to PDF. (PyPI downloads/month: 35708269, GitHub stars: 9721) - Markdown - [markdown-it-py](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py) - Markdown parser with 100% CommonMark support, extensions, and syntax plugins. (PyPI downloads/month: 500170203, GitHub stars: 1381) - [markdown](https://github.com/Python-Markdown/markdown) - A Python implementation of John Gruber’s Markdown. (PyPI downloads/month: 105070853, GitHub stars: 4253) - [mistune](https://github.com/lepture/mistune) - A fast yet powerful Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. (PyPI downloads/month: 68438907, GitHub stars: 3078) - Data Formats - [tomllib](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tomllib.html) - (Python standard library) Parse TOML files. - [pyyaml](https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml) - A full-featured YAML framework for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 1036834984, GitHub stars: 2957) ### File Manipulation _Libraries for file manipulation._ - Paths and File Watching - [pathlib](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html) - (Python standard library) A cross-platform, object-oriented path library. - [watchfiles](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles) - Simple, modern and fast file watching and code reload in Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 332734205, GitHub stars: 2551) - [watchdog](https://github.com/gorakhargosh/watchdog) - API and shell utilities to monitor file system events. (PyPI downloads/month: 95054422, GitHub stars: 7425) - File Type Detection - [mimetypes](https://docs.python.org/3/library/mimetypes.html) - (Python standard library) Map filenames to MIME types. - [python-magic](https://github.com/ahupp/python-magic) - A Python interface to the libmagic file type identification library. (PyPI downloads/month: 24296284, GitHub stars: 2922) - [magika](https://github.com/google/magika) - Detects file content types with a deep-learning model. (PyPI downloads/month: 16721967, GitHub stars: 18734) **Media** ### Image Processing _Libraries for manipulating images._ - Barcodes and QR Codes - [qrcode](https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode) - A pure Python QR Code generator. (PyPI downloads/month: 32426662, GitHub stars: 4949) - [python-barcode](https://github.com/WhyNotHugo/python-barcode) - Create barcodes in Python with no extra dependencies. (PyPI downloads/month: 2484157, GitHub stars: 658) - General - [pillow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow) - Pillow is the friendly [PIL](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/about.html) fork. (PyPI downloads/month: 553079246, GitHub stars: 13912) - [scikit-image](https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image) - A Python library for (scientific) image processing. (PyPI downloads/month: 26078347, GitHub stars: 6624) - [rembg](https://github.com/danielgatis/rembg) - A tool to remove image backgrounds. (PyPI downloads/month: 3197153, GitHub stars: 25147) - [wand](https://github.com/emcconville/wand) - Python bindings for [MagickWand](https://imagemagick.org/magick-wand/), C API for ImageMagick. (PyPI downloads/month: 1248852, GitHub stars: 1482) - [pyvips](https://github.com/libvips/pyvips) - A binding for libvips, a fast image processing library with low memory needs. (PyPI downloads/month: 974522, GitHub stars: 814) - Image Serving - [thumbor](https://github.com/thumbor/thumbor) - A smart imaging service. It enables on-demand crop, re-sizing and flipping of images. (PyPI downloads/month: 21165, GitHub stars: 10526) ### Audio & Video Processing _Libraries for manipulating audio, video, and their metadata._ - Audio - [soundfile](https://github.com/bastibe/python-soundfile) - An audio library for reading and writing sound files, based on libsndfile, CFFI, and NumPy. (PyPI downloads/month: 27680065, GitHub stars: 866) - [librosa](https://github.com/librosa/librosa) - Python library for audio and music analysis. (PyPI downloads/month: 10060549, GitHub stars: 8696) - [pydub](https://github.com/jiaaro/pydub) - Manipulate audio with a simple and easy high level interface. (PyPI downloads/month: 16740587, GitHub stars: 9802) - Video - [av](https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV) - Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. (PyPI downloads/month: 40509785, GitHub stars: 3313) - [moviepy](https://github.com/Zulko/moviepy) - A module for script-based movie editing with many formats, including animated GIFs. (PyPI downloads/month: 5332843, GitHub stars: 15010) - Metadata - [mutagen](https://github.com/quodlibet/mutagen) - A Python module to handle audio metadata. (PyPI downloads/month: 7874410, GitHub stars: 1975) - [tinytag](https://github.com/tinytag/tinytag) - A library for reading audio file metadata of MP3, MP4, WAV, OGG, FLAC, WMA, and AIFF files. (PyPI downloads/month: 4465507, GitHub stars: 841) - [beets](https://github.com/beetbox/beets) - A music library manager and [MusicBrainz](https://musicbrainz.org/) tagger. (PyPI downloads/month: 51891, GitHub stars: 15819) ### Game Development _Awesome game development libraries._ - 3D Engines - [panda3d](https://github.com/panda3d/panda3d) - 3D game engine developed jointly by Disney and contributors from around the world. (PyPI downloads/month: 223112, GitHub stars: 5257) - Game Frameworks - [pyglet](https://github.com/pyglet/pyglet) - A cross-platform windowing and multimedia library for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 3291150, GitHub stars: 2225) - [pygame-ce](https://github.com/pygame-community/pygame-ce) - An actively developed drop-in replacement with new features and performance improvements ([pygame](https://github.com/pygame/pygame) fork). (PyPI downloads/month: 675800, GitHub stars: 1697) - [pygame](https://github.com/pygame/pygame) - Pygame is a set of Python modules designed for writing games. (PyPI downloads/month: 2629764, GitHub stars: 8986) - [arcade](https://github.com/pythonarcade/arcade) - An easy-to-use library for creating 2D arcade games. (PyPI downloads/month: 44220, GitHub stars: 2092) - Visual Novels - [renpy](https://github.com/renpy/renpy) - A Visual Novel engine. (GitHub stars: 6930) **Python Language** ### Implementations _Implementations of Python._ - [cpython](https://github.com/python/cpython) - Default, most widely used implementation of the Python programming language written in C. (GitHub stars: 77720) - [micropython](https://github.com/micropython/micropython) - A lean and efficient Python implementation for microcontrollers and constrained systems. (GitHub stars: 22140) - [pypy](https://github.com/pypy/pypy) - A very fast and compliant implementation of the Python language. (GitHub stars: 1815) - [Cython](https://github.com/cython/cython) - Optimizing Static Compiler for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 81536698, GitHub stars: 10873) - [pyodide](https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide) - Python distribution for the browser and Node.js based on WebAssembly. (GitHub stars: 14900) ### Built-in Classes Enhancement _Libraries for enhancing Python built-in classes._ - [attrs](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs) - Replacement for `__init__`, `__eq__`, `__repr__`, etc. boilerplate in class definitions. (PyPI downloads/month: 769518593, GitHub stars: 5857) - [bidict](https://github.com/jab/bidict) - Efficient, Pythonic bidirectional map data structures and related functionality. (PyPI downloads/month: 26326106, GitHub stars: 1588) - [uuid-utils](https://github.com/aminalaee/uuid-utils) - A fast, Rust-backed drop-in replacement for Python's built-in `uuid` module. (PyPI downloads/month: 76093079, GitHub stars: 374) - [python-box](https://github.com/cdgriffith/Box) - Python dictionaries with advanced dot notation access. (PyPI downloads/month: 5130893, GitHub stars: 2838) ### Functional Programming _Functional Programming with Python._ - [functools](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html) - (Python standard library) Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects. - [more-itertools](https://github.com/more-itertools/more-itertools) - More routines for operating on iterables, beyond `itertools`. (PyPI downloads/month: 242071598, GitHub stars: 4101) - [toolz](https://github.com/pytoolz/toolz) - A collection of functional utilities for iterators, functions, and dictionaries. Also available as [cytoolz](https://github.com/pytoolz/cytoolz) for Cython-accelerated performance. (PyPI downloads/month: 64616865, GitHub stars: 5161) - [funcy](https://github.com/Suor/funcy) - A fancy and practical functional tools. (PyPI downloads/month: 7554792, GitHub stars: 3507) - [returns](https://github.com/dry-python/returns) - A set of type-safe monads, transformers, and composition utilities. (PyPI downloads/month: 1133645, GitHub stars: 4381) ### Asynchronous Programming _Libraries for asynchronous, concurrent and parallel execution. Also see [awesome-asyncio](https://github.com/timofurrer/awesome-asyncio)._ - Async I/O - [asyncio](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html) - (Python standard library) Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks. - [awesome-asyncio](https://github.com/timofurrer/awesome-asyncio) (GitHub stars: 5138) - [anyio](https://github.com/agronholm/anyio) - A high-level async concurrency and networking framework that works on top of asyncio or trio. (PyPI downloads/month: 884583241, GitHub stars: 2560) - [uvloop](https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop) - Ultra fast asyncio event loop. (PyPI downloads/month: 253099187, GitHub stars: 11913) - [trio](https://github.com/python-trio/trio) - A friendly library for async concurrency and I/O. (PyPI downloads/month: 39342153, GitHub stars: 7351) - [gevent](https://github.com/gevent/gevent) - A coroutine-based Python networking library that uses [greenlet](https://github.com/python-greenlet/greenlet). (PyPI downloads/month: 26767214, GitHub stars: 6444) - [Twisted](https://github.com/twisted/twisted) - An event-driven networking engine. (PyPI downloads/month: 14727817, GitHub stars: 5996) - Parallelism - [concurrent.futures](https://docs.python.org/3/library/concurrent.futures.html) - (Python standard library) High-level asynchronous execution of callables. - [multiprocessing](https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html) - (Python standard library) Process-based parallelism. ### Date and Time _Libraries for working with dates and times._ - [zoneinfo](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zoneinfo.html) - (Python standard library) IANA time zone support. Brings the [tz database](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz_database) into Python. - [python-dateutil](https://github.com/dateutil/dateutil) - Extensions to the standard Python [datetime](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html) module. (PyPI downloads/month: 1001126403, GitHub stars: 2639) - [dateparser](https://github.com/scrapinghub/dateparser) - A Python parser for human-readable dates in over 200 language locales. (PyPI downloads/month: 39596195, GitHub stars: 2860) - [pendulum](https://github.com/python-pendulum/pendulum) - Python datetimes made easy. (PyPI downloads/month: 54265432, GitHub stars: 6677) - [whenever](https://github.com/ariebovenberg/whenever) - A modern datetime library, type-safe and DST-safe, in Rust or pure Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 5730878, GitHub stars: 2412) **Python Toolchain** ### Environment Management _Libraries for Python version and virtual environment management._ - [virtualenv](https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv) - A tool to create isolated Python environments. (PyPI downloads/month: 241635944, GitHub stars: 5055) - [uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust. (PyPI downloads/month: 142999028, GitHub stars: 90981) - [pyenv](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv) - Simple Python version management. (GitHub stars: 45167) - [mise](https://github.com/jdx/mise) - A polyglot tool version manager that installs Python versions and reads .python-version files. (GitHub stars: 35238) ### Package Management _Libraries for package and dependency management._ - Package Managers - [pip](https://github.com/pypa/pip) - The package installer for Python. (PyPI downloads/month: 439500977, GitHub stars: 10295) - [uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust. (PyPI downloads/month: 142999028, GitHub stars: 90981) - [poetry](https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry) - Python dependency management and packaging made easy. (PyPI downloads/month: 43319238, GitHub stars: 34312) - [hatch](https://github.com/pypa/hatch) - Modern, extensible Python project manager for environments, builds, and publishing. (PyPI downloads/month: 6079496, GitHub stars: 7245) - [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx) - Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments. Like `npx` in Node.js. (PyPI downloads/month: 3756363, GitHub stars: 12983) - [conda](https://github.com/conda/conda) - Cross-platform, Python-agnostic binary package manager. (GitHub stars: 7538) - Build Backends - [setuptools](https://github.com/pypa/setuptools) - The historical and still most widely used pyproject build backend. (PyPI downloads/month: 991974263, GitHub stars: 2870) - [hatchling](https://github.com/pypa/hatch) - Modern, extensible build backend from the hatch project. (PyPI downloads/month: 351818384, GitHub stars: 7245) - [poetry-core](https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry-core) - Poetry's PEP 517 build backend, usable without Poetry itself. (PyPI downloads/month: 88325373, GitHub stars: 481) - [flit-core](https://github.com/pypa/flit) - Minimal, dependency-free build backend for pure-Python packages. (PyPI downloads/month: 21646721, GitHub stars: 2257) - [uv-build](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) - uv's fast, minimal build backend for pure-Python projects. (PyPI downloads/month: 18481081, GitHub stars: 90981) ### Package Repositories _Local PyPI repository servers, proxies, and mirrors._ - [pypiserver](https://github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver) - A minimal PyPI server for uploading and installing packages with pip. (PyPI downloads/month: 535848, GitHub stars: 2072) - [devpi](https://github.com/devpi/devpi) - PyPI server and packaging/testing/release tool. (PyPI downloads/month: 111664, GitHub stars: 1242) - [bandersnatch](https://github.com/pypa/bandersnatch) - PyPI mirroring tool provided by Python Packaging Authority (PyPA). (PyPI downloads/month: 13346, GitHub stars: 556) ### Distribution _Libraries to create packaged executables for release distribution._ - Executables - [pyinstaller](https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller) - Converts Python programs into stand-alone executables (cross-platform). (PyPI downloads/month: 10333343, GitHub stars: 13128) - [Nuitka](https://github.com/Nuitka/Nuitka) - Compiles Python programs into high-performance standalone executables (cross-platform). (PyPI downloads/month: 702251, GitHub stars: 15198) - [pex](https://github.com/pex-tool/pex) - A tool for building self-contained Python executable environments (PEP 441 zipapps). (PyPI downloads/month: 4635346, GitHub stars: 4230) - [cx-Freeze](https://github.com/marcelotduarte/cx_Freeze) - Converts Python scripts into standalone executables and installers for Windows, macOS, and Linux. (PyPI downloads/month: 133576, GitHub stars: 1563) - Obfuscation - [pyarmor](https://github.com/dashingsoft/pyarmor) - A tool used to obfuscate Python scripts, bind obfuscated scripts to fixed machine or expire obfuscated scripts. (PyPI downloads/month: 344001, GitHub stars: 5216) ### Configuration Files _Libraries for storing and parsing configuration options._ - [configparser](https://docs.python.org/3/library/configparser.html) - (Python standard library) INI file parser. - [python-dotenv](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv) - Reads key-value pairs from a `.env` file and sets them as environment variables. (PyPI downloads/month: 656529518, GitHub stars: 8901) - [pydantic-settings](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-settings) - Settings management using Pydantic models with validation, loading from environment variables and secrets files. (PyPI downloads/month: 414334649, GitHub stars: 1487) - [hydra-core](https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra) - Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications. (PyPI downloads/month: 15176919, GitHub stars: 10710) - [dynaconf](https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf) - Dynaconf is a configuration manager with plugins for Django and Flask. (PyPI downloads/month: 5266142, GitHub stars: 4334) **Security** ### Cryptography _Libraries for cryptographic primitives and secure protocols._ - [cryptography](https://github.com/pyca/cryptography) - A package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers. (PyPI downloads/month: 1192648238, GitHub stars: 7817) - [pynacl](https://github.com/pyca/pynacl) - Python binding to libsodium, a fork of the Networking and Cryptography (NaCl) library. (PyPI downloads/month: 170400637, GitHub stars: 1211) - [paramiko](https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko) - The leading native Python SSHv2 protocol library. (PyPI downloads/month: 107916168, GitHub stars: 9879) - [itsdangerous](https://github.com/pallets/itsdangerous) - Safely pass trusted data to untrusted environments and back. (PyPI downloads/month: 192874298, GitHub stars: 3141) ### Penetration Testing _Frameworks and tools for penetration testing._ - [mitmproxy](https://github.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy) - An interactive TLS-capable intercepting HTTP proxy for penetration testers and software developers. (PyPI downloads/month: 4159031, GitHub stars: 45809) - [impacket](https://github.com/fortra/impacket) - A collection of Python classes for working with network protocols, widely used for Windows and Active Directory testing. (PyPI downloads/month: 513168, GitHub stars: 16191) - [sqlmap](https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap) - Automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool. (PyPI downloads/month: 47250, GitHub stars: 38764) - [pwntools](https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools) - A CTF framework and exploit development library. (PyPI downloads/month: 490964, GitHub stars: 13790) - [sherlock-project](https://github.com/sherlock-project/sherlock) - Hunt down social media accounts by username across social networks. (PyPI downloads/month: 72378, GitHub stars: 94636) ### Supply Chain Security _Tools for auditing dependencies against known vulnerabilities and scanning for leaked secrets._ - Dependency Audits - [pip-audit](https://github.com/pypa/pip-audit) - Audits Python environments and dependency trees for known vulnerabilities, using the Python Packaging Advisory Database or OSV. (PyPI downloads/month: 32395063, GitHub stars: 1381) - [uv-audit](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) - (part of uv) uv's [dependency vulnerability scanning](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/reference/cli/#uv-audit) backed by OSV. (GitHub stars: 90981) - Secret Scanning - [betterleaks](https://github.com/betterleaks/betterleaks) - Finds leaked secrets in git history, directories, and files, from the original author of gitleaks. (GitHub stars: 2295) ### Web Security _Libraries for application-layer web security._ - [nh3](https://github.com/messense/nh3) - Python binding to the ammonia HTML sanitizer, a fast replacement for bleach. (PyPI downloads/month: 37414318, GitHub stars: 400) - [secure](https://github.com/TypeError/secure) - HTTP security headers for Python web applications with ASGI and WSGI middleware. (PyPI downloads/month: 2067541, GitHub stars: 1073) **Other** ### Hardware _Libraries for programming with hardware._ - [pyserial](https://github.com/pyserial/pyserial) - Python serial port access library for Windows, macOS, Linux, and BSD. (PyPI downloads/month: 14177010, GitHub stars: 3587) - [pynput](https://github.com/moses-palmer/pynput) - A library to control and monitor input devices. (PyPI downloads/month: 1841429, GitHub stars: 2175) - [bleak](https://github.com/hbldh/bleak) - A cross platform Bluetooth Low Energy Client for Python using asyncio. (PyPI downloads/month: 1776694, GitHub stars: 2554) - [jumpstarter](https://github.com/jumpstarter-dev/jumpstarter) - A hardware-in-the-loop testing framework with a Python client library for automated testing on real and virtual hardware. (PyPI downloads/month: 3775, GitHub stars: 228) ### Microsoft Windows _Python programming on Microsoft Windows._ - [pywin32](https://github.com/mhammond/pywin32) - Python Extensions for Windows. (PyPI downloads/month: 15538068, GitHub stars: 5630) - [pythonnet](https://github.com/pythonnet/pythonnet) - Python Integration with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR). (PyPI downloads/month: 2124307, GitHub stars: 5527) - [pyenv-win](https://github.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win) - A Python version manager for Windows ([rbenv-win](https://github.com/nak1114/rbenv-win) fork). (PyPI downloads/month: 3396, GitHub stars: 7415) - [winpython](https://github.com/winpython/winpython) - Portable Python distribution for Windows. (GitHub stars: 2290) ### Miscellaneous _Useful libraries or tools that don't fit in the categories above._ - [blinker](https://github.com/pallets-eco/blinker) - A fast Python in-process signal/event dispatching system. (PyPI downloads/month: 157625436, GitHub stars: 2106) - [boltons](https://github.com/mahmoud/boltons) - A set of pure-Python utilities. (PyPI downloads/month: 26235132, GitHub stars: 6940)