Generated by Rank Math SEO, this is an llms.txt file designed to help LLMs better understand and index this website. # Antarctica Cruises ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/sitemap_index.xml): Includes all crawlable and indexable pages. ## Pages - [South Georgia Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/south-georgia-cruises) - [Press](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/press) - [Extensions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions) - [The Expedition Circle](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/expedition-circle) - [Patagonia Solo Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/patagonia/solo) - [Luxury Patagonia Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/patagonia/luxury) - [Cape Horn Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/patagonia/cape-horn) - [Tierra Del Fuego Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/patagonia/tierra-del-fuego) - [Magellan Strait Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/patagonia/magellan-strait) - [Beagle Channel Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/patagonia/beagle-channel) - 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[ARC – Last Minute](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/last-minute) - [From Oceania](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/oceania-to-antarctica) - [Arctic Trips](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/trips) - [Arctic Travel Guide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/guide) - [Beluga Whale Tours](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/beluga-whale) - [North Pole Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/north-pole-cruise) - [Svalbard Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/svalbard-cruise) - [Greenland Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/greenland-cruise) - [Pole to Pole Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/pole-to-pole-cruise) - [Canadian Arctic (High Arctic) Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/canadian-arctic-cruise) - [Northwest Passage Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/northwest-passage-cruise) - [Iceland Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/iceland-cruise) - [Iceland & Greenland Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/iceland-and-greenland-cruise) - [Arctic Circle Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/arctic-circle-cruise) - [Arctic Adventure Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/adventure) - [Cheap Arctic Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/cheap) - [Arctic Wildlife Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/wildlife) - [Northern Lights Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/northern-lights) - [Icebreaker Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/icebreaker) - [Arctic Solo Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/solo) - [Midnight Sun Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/midnight-sun) - [Arctic Photography Tours](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/photography) - [Polar Bear Tours](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/polar-bear) - [Luxury Arctic Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic/luxury) - [Arctic Cruises & Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/arctic) - [Reviews](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/reviews) - [Patagonia & Antarctica Cruise](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/patagonia-and-antarctica-cruise) - [B2B Travel Agency](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/b2b-travel-agency) - [October](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/october) - [From New Zealand](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/new-zealand-to-antarctica) - [From Australia](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/australia-to-antarctica) - [From Argentina](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ushuaia-argentina-to-antarctica) - [From Chile](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/punta-arenas-chile-to-antarctica) - [From South America](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/south-america-to-antarctica) - [Antarctica Christmas Cruise](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/christmas) - [Fly Cruise Deals](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/fly-cruise-deals) - [Last Minute From Ushuaia](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/last-minute-from-ushuaia) - [Last Minute](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/last-minute) - [21 Day](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/21-day) - [14 Night](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/14-night) - [14 Day](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/14-day) - 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[Luxury Antarctica Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/luxury) - [Antarctica Heritage Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/heritage) - [Antarctica Adventure Tours](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/adventure) - [Weddell Sea Cruise](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/weddell-sea-cruise) - [Drake Passage Cruise](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/drake-passage-cruise) - [Antarctica Cruise Deals](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/deals) - [Antarctic Circle Cruise](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/antarctic-circle-cruise) - [Antarctica Travel Guide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide) - [Ross Sea & East Antarctica Cruises](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ross-sea-and-east-antarctica-cruises) - [Antarctica, Falklands & South Georgia Cruise](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/antarctica-falklands-south-georgia-cruise) - [Antarctica Fly-Cruise](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/antarctica-fly-cruise) - [Antarctic Peninsula Cruise](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/antarctic-peninsula-cruise) - [Trips](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/trips) - [Privacy Policy](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/privacy-policy) - [Terms and Conditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/terms-and-conditions) - [About Us](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/about) ## Extensions - [Explora Torres Del Paine (4N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/explora-torres-del-paine) - [Tierra Patagonia (4N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/tierra-patagonia) - [Errante EcoLodge (2N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/errante-ecolodge) - [Punta Arenas (2N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/punta-arenas) - [Santiago (3N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/santiago) - [Easter Island (3N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/easter-island) - [Awasi Patagonia (4N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/awasi-patagonia) - [Ushuaia (2N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/ushuaia) - [Iguazú (2N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/iguazu) - [Mendoza (3N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/mendoza) - [Calafate & Chaltén (5N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/calafate-chalten) - [Buenos Aires (3N)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/extensions/buenos-aires) ## Suppliers ## Authors ## Deals ## Deal Categories ## Travel Guides - [South Georgia vs Antarctic Peninsula: Why This Island Deserves the Detour & Justifies The Extra Cost](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/south-georgia-vs-antarctic-peninsula): A voyage to Antarctica stands as one of the great travel experiences on Earth: the opportunity to venture to the bottom of the world and explore the planet's greatest remaining terrestrial wilderness and its mightiest reservoir of ice. As deliriously primordial as you can in this day and age. - [El Debate Viajar – El ‘último baile’ de la Antártida: viaje al continente blanco cuando todos se van](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/el-debate-viajar-el-ultimo-baile-de-la-antartida-viaje-al-continente-blanco-cuando-todos-se-van): Los meses de febrero y marzo marcan el final del verano austral y es el mejor momento para avistar ballenas y adentrarse en uno de los territorios más indómitos del planeta - [Expreso – La tecnología que cambia la forma de explorar los polos con menor impacto ambiental](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/la-tecnologia-que-cambia-la-forma-de-explorar-los-polos-con-menor-impacto-ambiental): Las nuevas tecnologías en los cruceros de expedición están haciendo posible que las experiencias sean completamente diferentes con menor impacto ambiental. - [TravelWeek – A fine balance of demand and sustainability: Need-to-knows for selling Antarctica](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/travelweek-a-fine-balance-of-demand-and-sustainability): Who could have foreseen the day when one of travel’s on-trend destinations would also be one of the most remote places on the planet? - [When to See Elephant Seals in South Georgia: A Month-by-Month Guide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/when-to-see-elephant-seals-in-south-georgia): Among the true behemoths of the Southern Ocean is the southern elephant seal: not only the largest seal in the world, but the largest of all pinnipeds, and indeed the heftiest non-cetacean marine mammal. It also happens to be the biggest member of the Order Carnivora, the male (bull) southern elephant seal dwarfing the largest of the terrestrial carnivores, the polar bear. - [National Geographic – Is the cruise industry ready for the rise in solo travel?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/national-geographic-is-the-cruise-industry-ready-for-the-rise-in-solo-travel): "Due to an increased appetite for solo travel, cruise operators are stepping up, from cutting single supplements to offering solo itineraries." - [The Expedition Circle – Antarctica Cruises and Rainforest Cruises Introduced Loyalty and Referral Programs](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/the-expedition-circle-antarctica-cruises-and-rainforest-cruises-introduced-loyalty-and-referral-programs): MIAMI, FL – July 28, 2026 – Rainforest Cruises and Antarctica Cruises announced the official launch of The Expedition Circle, a new shared loyalty program designed to reward travelers with increasing benefits for every voyage they take. - [El Periodico – El eclipse dispara la demanda hotelera en Islandia y los cruceros por el Ártico: “Se han hecho reservas con hasta dos años de antelación”](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/el-periodico-el-eclipse-dispara-la-demanda-hotelera-en-islandia-y-los-cruceros-por-el-artico-se-han-hecho-reservas-con-hasta-dos-anos-de-antelacion): In an article about the Arctic cruise availability for the solar eclipse viewing, Jon Parker, Antarctica Cruises Marketing Director, tells El Periodico: "The eclipse-chasing public is a very specific niche with several distinct characteristics. One of them is that they plan far in advance: most of the bookings for our cruises were made one or two years ahead of time," explains Jon Parker, marketing director at Antarctica Cruises, an agency specializing in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions. He notes that the average occupancy rate for cruises launched for the eclipse is around 98% among the operators they regularly work with. - [The Falkland Islands Wolf (Warrah): The World’s Loneliest Extinct Mammal](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/falkland-islands-wolf): While today you can find rats, mice, feral cats, and domestic livestock (especially sheep and cattle) on the Falkland Islands, this remote South Atlantic archipelago was historically devoid of native terrestrial mammals save for one: the warrah, Dusicyon australis, aka the Falkland Islands wolf, the Antarctic wolf, or the Malvinas fox. This enigmatic carnivore has the sad distinction of being the first canid (member of the dog family) to go extinct in historical times, exiting the worldly stage by the late 19th century. And we know why this tragic fate befell it: namely, human beings and our all-too-familiar anthropocentric, greed-fueled myopia. - [Why the Falkland Islands Are the Albatross Capital of the World](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/falklands-albatross-capital-of-the-world): Few birds so stir the human soul as the albatrosses. These big—and sometimes downright gigantic—masters of the wind summon visions of faraway oceanic backcountry: head-spinningly remote white-capped seas and lonesome, wind-whipped sea stacks and islets. Their ability to cruise for days or weeks or months continuously on the wing, their piercing beauty and wingspread, airstreamed grace: These animals seem to resonate or harmonize with something deep inside us, a yearning for wildness and wayfaring freedom and unspoiled spaces as made incarnate in fine feathered form. - [The Arctic’s Strange Nuclear Heritage: From Icebreakers to Submarines](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-nuclear-heritage): Although it's long been inhabited by a plethora of Indigenous cultures and today harbors a fair number of good-sized towns and cities, the Arctic remains a remote and often hard-to-access part of the globe. Months of unyielding darkness (or at least near-darkness) and bone-chilling cold, not to mention the extensive ice cover that results, see to that. It may come as something of a surprise, then, to learn that this farflung, lightly settled zone has quite the association with the highly advanced (and controversial) technology of nuclear power. From testing sites to abandoned reactors and radioactive storage facilities, this nuclear legacy takes a number of forms and has some real environmental concerns associated with it (more on that later). - [Erik the Red’s Discovery of Greenland & Arctic Legacy](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/erik-the-reds-discovery-of-greenland-arctic-legacy): Greenland includes some of the most northerly inhabited lands on Earth, and its human heritage stretches back millennia. That heritage is a multistrand one, dominated by various Indigenous cultures of the North American Arctic—including the Inuit people who make up the vast majority of Greenland's population today—but also weaving in Europeans at multiple points in history. (Including its status as an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark, the latter's influence a legacy of claimed Dano-Norwegian sovereignty over this biggest island in the world several centuries ago.) - [Who Owns the Arctic? The Arctic States & Role of the Arctic Council](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/who-owns-the-arctic): Political jurisdiction over the Arctic is complicated, to put it mildly. After all, much of the area north of the Arctic Circle is seawater (extensively ice-covered seawater for a good chunk of the year, but seawater nonetheless). Just who owns the Arctic Ocean? - [What the Svalbard Environmental Protection Act Means For Your Cruise](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/svalbard-environmental-protection-act-impact): The Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, which lies roughly halfway between the northern seacoast of mainland Norway and the North Pole, ranks among the most popular and legendary tourist destinations in the Far North. Ice blankets about 60 percent of the landmass, including some of Europe's largest ice caps and a multitude of spectacular glaciers, the imposing snouts of many of them lowering straight to the sea. Widely regarded as one of the finest places to see polar bears in the world, Svalbard's also host to epic walrus haul-outs, diminutive reindeer of a unique subspecies, no shortage of whales, and globally outstanding seabird colonies. - [Role & Importance of AECO: The Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/aeco-role-and-importance): The Arctic is a superlatively beautiful and inspiring world, a place of raw wildness, ethereal polar beauty, and incredible Indigenous cultural heritage. For all the expressions of primal power in this top-of-the-world kingdom—a calving glacier off a mighty ice sheet, a polar bear swaggering its way across sea ice, the crash of a humpback whale's flukes—it is, in fact, a fragile and vulnerable one. - [Arctic vs Antarctic Cruise: The Polar Conundrum & Comparison](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-vs-antarctic-cruise): It's easy to imagine the Arctic and the Antarctic, the two polar realms of our wonderful planet Earth, as basically the same sort of place. And yet these high-latitude wildernesses are very much each their own unique universe. - [Bipolar Species: Which Animals Live At Both The North & South Poles?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/bipolar-species): The Arctic and the Antarctic are as far apart from one another as you can get on Planet Earth, yet these "polar opposites" have plenty of overlap and parallels when it comes to their biological communities. - [Why Antarctica Is Far Colder Than the Arctic](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/which-is-colder-arctic-or-antarctic): It's not necessarily common knowledge that Antarctica is, as the title of this post reveals, colder than the Arctic. One might well go about supposing that temperatures and other weather conditions would be pretty similar between Earth's two polar realms. Yet, indeed, the Antarctic is not only more frigid overall than the Arctic, but by a fair measure so—and learning why is a fascinating exploration of the different polar configurations at the top and bottom of the world. - [Inuit Culture and the Living Heritage of the Frozen Frontier](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/inuit-culture): When you join us for a cruise into the North American Arctic—from the fjords and cliffs of Greenland to the Northwest Passage winding through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Beaufort and Chukchi seacoast of northern and northwestern Alaska—you get to revel in monumental scenery, heraldic polar wildlife, and some of the wildest territory left on Planet Earth. But you are also venturing into a place with thousands of years of human history and culture, for this is the homeland of the Inuit peoples. - [Inuit Myths and the Sacred Lore of the Northern Seas](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/inuit-myths): Humans tell stories and recount legends all over the inhabited world, and the Arctic is no exception. Indigenous oral tradition in the Far North is rich in myths, sagas, and instructive tales, and for many traditional peoples today these remain vital and vibrant storehouses of cultural knowledge and both practical and spiritual wisdom. - [A Taste of the North: From Ancestral Inuit Diet to Gourmet](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/inuit-diet): Many of us envision the Arctic as a spare, lean place of frozen blankness and barren tundra. Yet this Far North reach of land, sea, and ice has long offered its Indigenous inhabitants a bountiful larder of food resources, enabling survival—and helping knit together cultural and family traditions—across thousands of years. - [Cape Horn: Conquering the “End of the Earth”](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/cape-horn-history): At 55°58' south latitude, Cape Horn rises from the Drake Passage as a cliff-edged island swept by near-constant wind. It is not, as is sometimes thought, the southernmost point of South America; that’s the Diego Ramírez Islands, 65 miles (105km) further southwest. However, its position at the meeting point of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans has seen it written into maritime lore. - [The Strait of Magellan: Gateway to Patagonia’s Legends](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/strait-of-magellan-history): The Strait of Magellan is imbued with centuries of history. Much like the Beagle Channel and the Drake Passage further south, this strip of gunmetal grey has played a significant role in maritime and colonial history. It’s largely due to its location: this navigable channel slices between the southern tip of mainland South America and the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. Measuring roughly 350 miles (570 km) in length – and just two miles (3km) at its narrowest in width –  it connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. - [The Beagle Channel: Where Evolution Began and Borders Meet](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/beagle-channel-history): The Beagle Channel in Patagonia slices through the southern tip of South America, shattering the land into shards of land beyond. Named after the HMS Beagle, the survey ship that carried a young Charles Darwin to these far-flung waters in the 1830s, the channel is one of the world’s most historically loaded stretches of water. It was one of several formative stops on a voyage that shaped Darwin’s worldview – observations that would eventually form his groundbreaking book, On the Origin of Species. - [An Expert’s Guide To Chilean Patagonia’s Trekking Routes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/chilean-patagonia-trekking-routes): With its access to the tail end of the Andes Mountains, it’s no wonder that Chilean Patagonia has become a paradise for trekkers. Landscapes are wild and enthralling, with the contrast between towering mountains and weather-beaten forests and grasslands nothing less than magical. Exploring this preternatural beauty is best done slowly and contemplatively, and tackling one of the region’s world-famous hikes is an incomparable way to do this. - [Ancestral Voices: The Indigenous Peoples of Patagonia​](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/indigenous-peoples-patagonia): Patagonia is often considered a place of emptiness, an assumption drawn from its sparse, mountainous scenery and location at the very margins of the world. It is a seductive idea for those drawn to remoteness, but one based on a misconception. Long before European explorers laid claim to channels and peaks, and country borders were defined by lines on a map, Patagonia was inhabited by Indigenous peoples whose lives were inseparable from its land and seas. - [Patagonia Cruise: An Antarctica Alternative Or Ideal Add-On?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/patagonia-vs-antarctica-cruise): Antarctica still holds a singular place in the traveller’s imagination. It’s the last true frontier, a continent defined by scale, silence, and the humbling sense of reaching the untamed edge of the planet. For seasoned adventurers, an expedition cruise to the White Continent represents a once-in-a-lifetime experience – an exclusive voyage available to only the select few. - [Patagonia Cruise Or Lodge-Based Land Tour: Which is Best?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/patagonia-cruise-vs-land-tour): In Patagonia, there’s no predicting what the day might bring. One morning, you might wake to the thunder of a glacier calving outside your window, your expedition ship surrounded by the milky blue waters of a fjord. On another, dawn comes with stillness: observing the first light glowing against the striated granite of Torres del Paine from the terrace of a luxury lodge. - [9 Best Patagonia Lodges To Combine With An Antarctica Cruise](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/patagonia-lodges-to-combine-with-antarctica-cruise): Patagonia has long been a place of pilgrimage for adventurous travellers, drawn by its raw geography: icefields and fjords, wind-scoured steppe, granite spires, and subpolar forests. For those pairing the region with an Antarctica cruise – whether a fly-cruise from Punta Arenas or a traditional cruise from Ushuaia – Patagonia isn’t just a gateway; it’s an essential part of the journey south. What’s more, for fly-cruises where flights are weather dependent, staying at a luxurious lodge can ensure the utmost comfort while awaiting departure. - [The Best Time To Go To Chilean Patagonia](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/best-time-to-visit-chilean-patagonia): Chilean Patagonia’s superlative scenery, combined with its world-renowned hiking trails, abundant wildlife, and opportunities for immersive nature experiences, has made it one of the globe’s most attractive destinations. However, planning when to visit Chilean Patagonia is just as important as deciding where you intend to visit. - [12 Best Things To Do In Chilean Patagonia](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/best-things-to-do-chilean-patagonia): Patagonia is one of the most spectacular places on the planet. Its iconic scenery has enthralled many of the greatest travelers, whose works – such as Charles Darwin’s Voyage of the Beagle and Bruce Chatwin’s In Patagonia – have shaped our understanding of both Patagonia and the world beyond. - [The 10 Best Places To Visit In Chilean Patagonia](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/best-places-to-visit-chilean-patagonia): Many travellers still think of Patagonia as entirely Argentine – a persistent but puzzling misconception. In reality, Chilean Patagonia feels markedly wilder and more remote, its landscapes far more varied than the broad, windswept plains that dominate much of its Argentine counterpart. Here, glacier-studded mountains drop into icy fjords, while temperate rainforest and evergreen forests shield rare, endemic wildlife from all but the most patient observers. - [2 Weeks In Chilean Patagonia – Itinerary Inspiration](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/2-weeks-chilean-patagonia-itinerary): Patagonia is one of the planet’s last great wildernesses – a place long sought out by travelers seeking true remoteness. Its immense, sculpted landscapes are a major part of the draw: hiking trails thread through jagged mountains and windswept plains, while small ships navigate the salt-laced fjords that carve into its Pacific edge. - [Ultimate Patagonia Cruise Guide: Routes & Recommendations](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/patagonia-cruise-routes): Patagonia is a place of superlative beauty. Most are drawn to this region for its hiking trails,  with Torres del Paine National Park symbolising the stark majesty of this region. However, a purely land-based exploration fails to capture the true heart of Patagonia. - [An Expert’s Guide To Planning A Trip To Chilean Patagonia](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/chilean-patagonia-trip-planning-guide): Since Ferdinand Magellan voyaged through the Strait of Magellan in 1520 and Bruce Chatwin’s seminal work, In Patagonia, was published four centuries later, the region of Patagonia has acquired near mythical status. - [From Parkas to High Fashion: The Inuit Clothing Legacy](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/inuit-clothing): Arctic cruises play out during the summer and early fall, when the polar weather in these destinations is at its most clement and mild. But, of course, this top-of-the-world zone generally experiences much harsher conditions, including subfreezing temperatures for a good portion of the year. - [Mastering the Ice: Inventions of the Arctic Peoples](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/inuit-inventions): Surviving as they have done in the demanding environment of the Arctic for millennia, Indigenous peoples such as the Inuit, the Yupik, the Sámi, and the Nenets have innovated a wide variety of technologies and tools. More than a few of these are not only still used in one form or another in their ancestral regions, but have also inspired "knockoffs" and other imitation versions you can see in use all over the world. - [Ice & Earth: The Architectural Genius of the Arctic Peoples](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-architecture): The Arctic has a forbidding climate, one dominated by the longest and harshest season: You guessed it—winter. Yet traditional peoples have not only lived but thrived in this circumpolar realm for millennia, occupying much of its territory (outside of such inhospitable places as the Greenland Ice Sheet and the sea-ice blankness of the North Pole) permanently or seasonally. - [Kayak Origins: The Arctic Invention That Changed the World](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/kayak-origin): Contending with a harsh climate and an environment laced through with waterways—from big taiga and tundra rivers to stormy seas and pack-ice leads—Indigenous Arctic peoples developed many innovations to aid survival. Some of these have ended up having a profound global reach, and a prime example is the kayak. - [Inuit Words For Snow & The Arctic’s Linguistic Diversity](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/inuit-words-for-snow): It's one of those supposed facts so frequently cited, and for so long, that it verges on "common knowledge." We refer to the idea that Inuit people have 50—or 10, or 100, take your pick—words for snow. (And one still is probably more likely to hear the outdated and pejorative version: "'Eskimos' have 50 words for snow.") - [Living North: The Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-peoples): Envisioning the Arctic as a blank polar wasteland is an all-too-common mistake. The Far North has a severe climate, to be sure, but it is also a place of great seasonal ecological productivity. It is the home of the polar bear, the Arctic fox, the snowy owl, the narwhal; it is also the venerable home of human beings, for whom this top-of-the-world environment has long been a source of sustenance and sacredness. - [Arctic Animals: The Wildlife At The Top Of The World](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-animals): Some people might have the mistaken impression that the Arctic is a barren wasteland. Well, there are certainly barren-grounds—a term sometimes used to describe treeless tundra and polar desert, especially in Arctic Canada—but the Arctic is far from lifeless. - [The Best Antarctica Travel Agency?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/best-antarctica-travel-agency): For expeditions to Antarctica, a place like nowhere else on the planet, you need a travel agency like no other. An epic voyage to the end of the Earth is not something you undertake lightly or book without having done extensive research. With so many ships, itineraries, and adventure options to choose from, not to mention the myriad questions you may have—from when and where to go, to what to do, see, and how to get there—it’s imperative you don’t talk to any old travel agency, but speak to an Antarctica specialist. - [The Best Time To Visit The Arctic (According To The Experts)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/best-time-to-visit-the-arctic): Beyond the reaches of the familiar world lies a realm where time is measured not by the ticking of a clock, but by the slow, majestic pulse of the ice. Here, amid the storied paths of the Northwest Passage and icebound horizons that once compelled history’s bravest explorers, where glaciers loom like alabaster cathedrals and polar bears roam the drifting floes, the timing of one's Arctic journey can define the very soul of your expedition. - [Arctic Experiences: The 15 Best Expedition Cruise Activities](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-activities): From watching polar bears, walruses, and reindeer and trekking out onto an ice sheet to admiring a fabulous Northern Lights display as it ripples over icebergs and mountain horns, there's so, so much to experience on an Arctic cruise. To help you dream up the perfect trip to the Far North, we've compiled 15 of the very best things to do on a polar voyage. Let's get started! - [What to Expect on an Expedition Cruise to the Arctic](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/what-to-expect-on-an-arctic-expedition-cruise): An expedition cruise to the Arctic is rich and full with discovery, exploration, spectacle, and firsthand communion with an environment that—changing starkly in the face of climate change though it may be—is among the least-altered by humankind on the planet. - [Can You Go To The Arctic & North Pole? Yes! Here’s How](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/can-you-go-to-the-arctic-and-north-pole): The Arctic—let alone the North Pole itself, the top of the top of the world—might seem an intimidatingly difficult place to visit. Indeed, it certainly was difficult to reach for most people for most of history, but that’s not the case any longer. - [Arctic Dangers: How Safe Is An Expedition Cruise?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-dangers-and-expedition-cruise-safety): There’s no question that the Arctic can be a forbidding, even outright dangerous realm: one of subzero cold, fierce winds, precarious and constantly shifting sea ice, some imposing megafauna, and a lengthy winter season defined by roughly around-the-clock darkness. While Native peoples such as the Inuit, Yupik, Nenets, and Sámi have long called these high-latitude lands and waters home, the Arctic posed severe—and sometimes deadly—challenges to early Western explorers, mariners, hunters, trappers, whalers, and merchants. - [The Best Places to Visit in the Arctic According To Experts](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/best-places-to-visit-in-the-arctic): The Arctic is, of course, a vast territory, stretching in circumpolar fashion around the very crown of our planet. And much of it is breathtakingly remote. - [Arctic Climate & Weather: How Cold Is The Arctic Really?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-climate-and-weather-how-cold): One word that comes to many people’s mind when they think of the Arctic? Cold. But just how cold is the Arctic? Is it the most all-out frigid place on Earth? - [A Guide To Arctic Plants: Surviving & Thriving In The Tundra](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-plants): If your image of the Arctic is a land dominated by barren snow, ice, and rock, you might be surprised at the impressive extent of plantlife up here. Of the roughly 2.7 million square miles (7.11 million square kilometers) of land surface in the Arctic, about 1.9 million square miles (5.11 million square kilometers) are reckoned to be vegetated. - [Arctic Food Web & Ecosystems Explained: From Tundra To Ocean](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-food-web-and-ecosystem): Visitors to the Arctic get to experience some of the most intact ecological land- and seascapes left on Earth: land- and seascapes woven together by complex and seasonally fluctuating ecosystems. In this guide, we’ll break down the basics of the Arctic ecosystem mosaic and the rich food webs that drive its energy fluxes—and which feature the remarkable organisms that eke out a living in a demanding climate. - [The Polar Paradox: Why Are There No Penguins In The Arctic?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/do-penguins-live-in-the-arctic): Are there penguins in the Arctic? Well, as the title of this here article has already given away, the answer is a firm “no.” More than a few folks have the misimpression, however, that those black-and-white seabirds—along with the Galapagos' flightless cormorant the only flightless diving birds currently calling Planet Earth home—do waddle around the North Pole, rubbing shoulders with polar bears and Santa Claus. - [Reindeer Revelations: 9 Captivating Caribou Facts](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/caribou-facts): What exactly do you call those big-antlered Arctic deer hauling Santa’s sleigh? Well, reindeer, right? Sure, but also caribou—an indigenous North American name for the very same creature, one of the heraldic beasts of the Far North. - [A Guide To Arctic Whales & Whalewatching On An Arctic Cruise](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-whales): Among the “signature” animals that make the Arctic such a spectacular wildlife-viewing destination are the cetaceans: the whales, which include (unsurprisingly) the heftiest of all beasts to call this cold and spectacular realm home. Some of the best whale-watching in the world goes down at the top of the world, with a trio of uniquely polar-adapted cetaceans being much sought-after and a number of other species plying these waters on a seasonal (and, as we’ll see, increasing) basis. - [A Cruisegoer’s Guide To The Seals Of The Arctic & Sub-Arctic](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-seals): Marine mammals are a noteworthy part of the Arctic ecosystem, to say the least—and top attractions for cruise-going wildlife-watchers, photographers, and general-purpose ecotourists. And among those marine mammals, pinnipeds are definitely some of the stars of the show. - [No, I am the Walrus: 10 Whimsical Facts About Walruses](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/walrus-facts): The portly, wrinkled, resplendently tusked walrus has had an outsized presence in global human culture, when one considers its extreme northerly and mostly very remote geographic purview. This huge pinniped, after all, plays a starring and titular role in one of Lewis Carroll’s most beloved writings, “The Walrus & the Carpenter,” a poem (in Through the Looking Glass) which provided the inspiration for John Lennon’s psychedelic Beatles hit (from Magical Mystery Tour) “I Am the Walrus.” (The accompanying video for the latter memorably showed the Fab Four songwriter garbed up as the sea-beast.) The animal’s striking appearance—similarly as, say, the gloriously gangly giraffe or the pouched and hoppy kangaroo—likely accounts for the walrus’s steady and regular cameos in stories, drawings, music, and other art all across the world. - [Twitching At The Top Of The World: A Guide To Arctic Birds](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-birds): It is no exaggeration to call the Arctic one of the most important zones on the planet for birdlife. A dizzying number of birds migrate to sub-Arctic and Arctic latitudes in the boreal summer to take advantage of the extended daylight, seasonal balminess, and booming ecological productivity for breeding. The diversity and numbers can be astonishing. The coastal tundra of northern Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, for example, welcomes close to a million birds of 200-plus species every year, marking as it does the convergence of no fewer than six migratory flyways encompassing both Eurasia and North America. - [8 Facts About The Gyrfalcon: The Arctic’s King of the Skies](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/gyrfalcon-facts): Among the many marvelous exponents of Planet Earth’s bird-of-prey line, the gyrfalcon (pronounced “JER-falcon”, a name derived from the Old Norse word geirr, meaning “spear”) is one of the Arctic and sub-Arctic’s signal predators, and very high on the must-see list of nearly any birdwatcher. Here, evolution has crafted a dazzling avian hunter, long worshipped by falconers and just about a ptarmigan’s worst nightmare. - [Beyond the Beak: 8 Fascinating Puffin Facts](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/puffin-facts): Puffins are likely on the shortlist of the world’s most universally endearing critters (though we must be careful, of course, to acknowledge that less intrinsically endearing organisms are just as important and worthy of respect). Resembling a mashup of a penguin and a parrot—indeed, they’re often called “sea parrots”—puffins are instantly recognizable and highly coveted by both hardcore and more casual birdwatchers. - [6 Astonishing Arctic Tern Facts: Meet The Matchless Migrator](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-tern-facts): The Arctic tern is certainly a handsome bird, suited up as it is with a black cap, a slim feathery suit of gray and white, and a sharp, shortish bill that changes color between black (non-breeding) and red (breeding) over the course of the year. Yet to glance at this small, dapper, scimitar-winged seabird, you likely wouldn’t appreciate what an absolutely superlative wayfarer it is, beating its way over tens of thousands of miles on an annual basis as it commutes between Arctic and Antarctic hangouts. - [Meet The “Snow Chicken”: Top 10 Ptarmigan Facts](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/ptarmigan-facts): If you were to make some sweeping ranking of the relative toughness of all the world’s birds—a tricky and subjective endeavor, to be sure—ptarmigan ought to land somewhere very high up there. These squat, chunky members of the grouse subfamily, which are specialists of open country, include species that happily range to the northernmost extremes of Earth’s landmasses, and, unlike many Arctic and subarctic birds, they tough it out up there all winter (with a few caveats, which we’ll get to). - [5 Harp Seal Facts You May Well Harp On About To Your Friends](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/harp-seal-facts): Christened for the dark shape on their backs that resembles the namesake instrument, harp seals are among the most numerous of all the world’s pinnipeds, and certainly a critical link in the marine food web of the Arctic and the subarctic. - [Sea Eagle Elucidation: 5 Essential White-Tailed Eagle Facts](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/white-tailed-sea-eagle-facts): There is no one eagle species that specializes in Arctic living in the manner of, for example, the snowy owl among owls, the polar bear among ursids, and the beluga and narwhal among toothed whales. But a few of the water-loving species known as the sea eagles do indeed range up into the subarctic and, to some extent, into the Arctic proper, and wherever they’re found they exert a major ecological influence as a top-level predator and enthusiastic scavenger. - [What Is A “White Whale”​? 10 Interesting Beluga Whale Facts](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/beluga-whale-facts): Among the most recognizable and endearing marine mammals in the world, the beluga whale is a linchpin of the Arctic marine ecosystem—and always a special thrill to see in the wild. Many folks, after all, have seen these “white whales” in captivity, as they’re often displayed in aquariums and oceanariums around the world. But it’s a whole other experience to glimpse belugas in their natural habitat, spouting along an ice front or tundra coast. - [7 Fun Facts About Snowy Owls To Wow Your Friends With](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/snowy-owl-facts): No owl ranges farther north than the marvelous snowy owl, one of the most impressive birds in the world and as much an icon of the Arctic realm as the polar bear. This spectacular avian predator—the fabled “white owl” of the tundra and sea ice—sits at the top of the food web and thereby helps control and moderate populations of such common prey as lemmings. - [8 Howling Facts About Arctic Wolves](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-wolf-facts): The gray wolf ranges widely north of the Arctic Circle in both North American and Eurasia, finding one of its last great dominions in the Far North, where human persecution in general has been less than at lower latitudes. Indeed, wolf range in the Arctic and sub-Arctic is more intact than anywhere else in the world. - [7 Hair-Raising Arctic Hare Facts](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-hare-facts): The windswept, often bone-chillingly cold tundra expanses of the North American Arctic might seem unfriendly indeed to a smallish mammal, but the Arctic hare—the most northerly of all lagomorphs (the mammalian order that includes hares, rabbits, and pikas)—prospers in this polar environment. - [7 Fun Facts About Arctic Foxes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-fox-facts): If you’re lucky enough to see an Arctic fox in the wild, its daintiness—and cuteness—belie just how hardy this little beast is. After all, it occupies one of the harshest biomes on the planet, enduring frigid temperatures and howling winds, extended seasonal darkness, and a sometimes near-featureless winter domain of frozen-over “wastes.” - [Narwhal Facts: 8 Secrets Of The Unicorn Of The Sea Revealed](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/narwhal-facts): If the beluga whale is the “sea canary,” the narwhal—another Arctic cetacean, and as it happens a very close cousin—is the “unicorn of the sea.” Indeed, the long tusk wielded (mainly) by male narwhals makes this mid-sized toothed whale’s most distinguishing feature—and marks the sea-unicorn as one of the most unique-looking marine mammals out there. - [9 Facts About The Greenland Shark: The Ancient Giant Of The Arctic Deep](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/greenland-shark-facts): Far less well-known than the polar bear or the orca, the Greenland shark is, nonetheless, an important top predator of Arctic waters just like them. It’s also a much more obscure member of the shark clan than such household names as the great white shark, and yet it reaches a comparable size and occupies a similar high-level trophic role in the marine food chain. - [The 5 Best Places To See Polar Bears In The Wild](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/best-places-to-see-polar-bears): Polar bears are not only one of the mightiest of all carnivores, but one of (relatively speaking) the most rarely seen: inhabiting as they do a Far North environment dominated by sea ice, snow, and wind-scoured tundra and mountains. - [10 Fascinating Polar Bear Facts](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/polar-bear-facts): Likely no creature is so emblematic of the Arctic realm as the polar bear: the spectacular “ice bear” that reigns supreme atop the food web—and sits atop the size chart of all land-based carnivores. Read on for ten fascinating facts about polar bears! - [The Best Time To See Polar Bears In Svalbard (& The Arctic)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/best-time-to-see-polar-bears): Is spotting a polar bear—the world’s heftiest terrestrial carnivore—on your bucket list? It probably ought to be, given the sheer magnificence of the Arctic’s flagship top predator, as well as the uncertain future it faces given our warming climate. - [What & Where Is The Northwest Passage? Definition & Location](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/northwest-passage-definition-and-location): Among the most fabled portals in global navigation, the Northwest Passage of the Arctic also remains very much at the forefront of commercial maritime schemings—on account of our planet’s warming climate. - [10 Most Famous Arctic & Antarctic Expeditions of All Time](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/famous-polar-expeditions): The Arctic and the Antarctic represented some of the final frontiers of human exploration, and indeed continue to draw both scientific interest and fresh ideas for novel adventures and feats of endurance. - [The Search For The Northwest Passage: An Exploration History](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/northwest-passage-exploration-history): Since the time of the Ancient Greeks, those of geographic—and, all the moreso, commercial—persuasion dreamed about an efficient passageway from the Atlantic to the Pacific: a connection between Europe and East Asia. Such a corridor exists: the legendary Northwest Passage through the Canadian High Arctic. - [5 Doomed Polar Expeditions That Failed Fatally](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/doomed-polar-expeditions): The polar realms—the Arctic and the Antarctic, forming the icy caps of our planet—are among the harshest and most remote on Earth. While native peoples such as the Inuit and Yupik have called the Arctic home for thousands of years, it has often been presented as a hostile wilderness, especially to those Western explorers keen to reach the North Pole and parse out the Northwest (and Northeast) Passage. - [10 Wild Wolverine Facts: A Marvel Of The Arctic Kingdom](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/wolverine-facts): Few members of the animal kingdom enjoy such an amped-up reputation as the wolverine—and not just on account of the Marvel superhero named after this Northern Hemisphere mustelid. - [A History Of Arctic Exploration (Including Timeline)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/arctic-exploration-history): The Arctic was one of the last regions on Earth to be comprehensively mapped and scientifically described. From financial enterprise to unquenchable curiosity and adventurism, this top-of-the-world domain of icy seas, glacierized mountains, and lumbering polar bears has spurred exploration for millennia. - [North Pole History Of Exploration (Including Timeline)](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/north-pole-history): Set amid trackless and ever-shifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, the North Pole has long tantalized humankind. Early navigators dreamed of a (fantastical, as it turned out) Open Polar Sea that might offer efficient ice-free passage from Europe to the Pacific over the top of the world. Beyond the usual commercial and military hungers, the North Pole beckoned—and continues to beckon—adventurers who, initially, strove to be the very first to reach this almost mythic point, and then continued to scheme up new ways to do so and thereby enshrine themselves in the annals of exploration. - [Who Was The First Person To Reach The North Pole Really?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/first-person-to-reach-north-pole-really): Among the more extreme points on Earth in more ways than one, both the North and the South poles were coveted prizes for explorers and adventurers, who vied—and sometimes died—for the honors of being the first to reach these frigid spots on the top and the bottom of the planet. We know for certain who left the inaugural footprints at the South Pole. But by contrast, the answer to “Who discovered the North Pole?” is an awful lot murkier. - [Franklin’s Lost Expedition & The Search For Erebus & Terror](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/lost-franklin-expedition-and-search-for-erebus-and-terror): There is arguably no better-known tragedy in the chronicles of Arctic exploration than the doomed 1845-1848 British expedition of Sir John Franklin, which set out to penetrate the Northwest Passage and ended up vanished within its only partly charted depths. Today, cruisegoers in the Passage can retrace the steps of Franklin’s lost expedition, which has haunted imaginations for more than 150 years. - [The 5 Most Famous Polar Explorers—Of Both Poles—Of All Time](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/famous-polar-explorers): From Admiral Fabian Gottlieg Thaddeus von Bellingshausen to Sir Robert Falcon Scott to Naomi Uemura, there are many legendary names associated with polar exploration and discovery. But only a minority of intrepid adventurers have journeyed to both the northern and southern polar realms, which together rank among the most remote and forbidding places on Earth. - [The 10 Most Famous Arctic Explorers & Their Incredible Feats](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/famous-arctic-explorers): From the perilous labyrinth of the Northwest Passage to the heights of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the farflung sea-ice wilderness of the North Pole, the Arctic—long home, of course, to Native peoples—has beckoned wayfarers and adventurers for centuries. The following, centuries-spanning list compiles 10 of the most famous Arctic explorers in history. - [Where Is The South Pole? Antarctica. But There’s 7 Of Them!](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/where-is-the-south-pole): Where is the South Pole? Should be an easy answer, right? The exact bottom of the planet, opposite the North Pole—down there in Antarctica. - [Aurora Australis: The Southern Lights](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/aurora-australis-southern-lights): Few sights in the natural world can compare with the dancing, shimmering, pulsating glow of the auroras, and enjoying it is definitely a possibility for travelers to the bottom of the world. - [Day & Night, Daylight Hours & The Midnight Sun In Antarctica](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/antarctica-day-and-night-daylight-hours-and-the-midnight-sun): “Land of the Midnight Sun”—we're talking Norway, right? Well, strictly speaking, the Land of the Midnight Sun refers to a lot more territory than just that Scandinavian nation, including a realm about as far removed from reindeer as you can get: Antarctica, the White Continent. - [Antarctica’s Sunrise, Sunset & The Green Flash Phenomenon](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/antarctica-sunrise-sunset-and-the-green-flash): It’s a given that the Sun exerts a profound influence all around the globe. In the great polar ice-scape of Antarctica, our home star seems all the more precious—especially way down in the depths of the White Continent, literally at the bottom of the world, when the Sun disappears from the scene for weeks to months at a time. On the flipside, it also reigns around the clock in the sky for a goodly portion of the year. - [A Giant Hole In Antarctica? That’ll Be A Polynya](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/hole-in-antarctica-polynya): The phrase “hole in Antarctica” might spark a few different lines of thought. You might imagine, for example, that the Antarctica hole in question refers to the infamous ozone hole, the depletion of the ozone layer in the Earth’s stratosphere over the South Pole observed in the 1980s and ‘90s that led to the phaseout of ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons. - [The Mountain Ranges & Mountains Of Antarctica](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/mountain-ranges-and-mountains-in-antarctica): Mountains in Antarctica? Peaks and pinnacles might not necessarily be the first landforms to come to mind when you think of the southern polar zone, but Antarctic mountains there are indeed, helping form the incomparable scenery of this incomparable icebound wilderness. - [The Antarctic Ice Sheet, Its Ice Shelves & Melting Impact](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/antarctic-ice-sheet-its-ice-shelves-and-melting-impact): Ice is the substance that defines Antarctica more fundamentally than any other, and it reaches its most spectacular form anywhere on the planet in the White Continent’s enormous ice sheets and associated ice shelves. - [Antarctica’s Glaciers: Thwaites ‘Doomsday’, Beardmore & More](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/glaciers-in-antarctica): Antarctica is Earth’s greatest ice realm, with roughly 98 percent of the continent’s land area swamped in ice. Here’s where the cryosphere, the planet’s frozen realm, attains its maximum extent, harkening back to deep-history days—big chunks of the Pleistocene, for example, or the more ancient “Snowball Earth” phase—when glacial ice prevailed across a much vaster portion of the globe. - [Antarctica Without Ice: Is There Land Under Antarctica?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/antarctica-without-ice-is-there-land-under-antarctica): Some 98 percent of Antarctica is cloaked in ice. Here lie the largest and thickest ice sheets on Earth, representing 90 percent of the planet’s ice volume binding up some 70 percent of its freshwater. - [The Lakes & Rivers Of Antarctica: Lake Vostok, Onyx River & More](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/lakes-and-rivers-of-antarctica-lake-vostok-onyx-river-and-more): Water in its frozen forms—snow and, especially, ice—dominates Antarctica. This is the White Continent after all, with all but a tiny fraction of the land surface covered by ice. But what about in liquid form? - [Antarctica Iceberg Guide: An A23a – Z](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/antarctica-iceberg-a23a-z): The Antarctic is the world’s greatest iceberg playground, bar none. After all, Antarctica lays claim to some 90 percent of all the ice on Earth, so it should come as no surprise that the White Continent and the surrounding Southern Ocean contain the majority of the world’s icebergs by far. - [Don Juan Pond, Antarctica: The Saltiest Body Of Water On Earth](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/don-juan-pond-antarctica-saltiest-body-of-water-on-earth): Some of Antarctica’s most extraordinary sights lie within the series of barren, breathtaking glens within the Transantarctic Mountains known as the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Among the very driest landscapes on Earth, these frigid defiles are grand examples of Antarctic oases, kept mostly free of snow and ice by the sheer aridity of the air—enhanced, importantly, by the fierceness of the katabatic winds that sweep down the valleys from the surrounding mountain heights and sublimate snowcover. - [Sastrugi: The Windswept Snow Dunes Of Antarctica](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/sastrugi-snow-dunes): Antarctica is a wonderland of snow and ice formations. This is, after all, where Earth’s cryosphere—its frozen realm—finds its greatest and grandest dominion. - [What Is Antarctica?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/what-is-antarctica): Antarctica: most back-of-beyond, most mysterious, most otherworldly corner of the Earth (not counting, we suppose, the depths of the ocean). - [How Cold Is Antarctica & What Is The Coldest Place On Earth?](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/guide/how-cold-is-antarctica-the-coldest-place-on-earth): How cold does it get in Antarctica? Very cold. Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth, after all. ## Travel Guide Categories ## Cruises - [Icebird Yacht](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/icebird-yacht) - [Explorer Yacht Aureum](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/aureum) - [Heritage Discoverer](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/heritage-discoverer) - [MS Spitsbergen](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/ms-spitsbergen) - [Discoverer](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/discoverer) - [Aqua Lares](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/aqua-lares) - [Rembrandt van Rijn](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/rembrandt-van-rijn) - [MV Freya](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/freya) - [Vikingfjord](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/vikingfjord) - [Stella Australis](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/stella-australis) - [Ventus Australis](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/ventus-australis) - [Skorpios III](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/skorpios-iii) - [Magellan Discoverer](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/magellan-discoverer) - [World Voyager](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/world-voyager) - [National Geographic Orion](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/national-geographic-orion) - [National Geographic Endurance](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/national-geographic-endurance) - [National Geographic Explorer](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/national-geographic-explorer) - [National Geographic Resolution](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/national-geographic-resolution) - [Douglas Mawson](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/douglas-mawson) - [Seaventure](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/seaventure) - [Terra Nova Adventurer](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/terra-nova-adventurer) - [Ocean Explorer](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/ocean-explorer) - [Heritage Adventurer](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/heritage-adventurer) - [Le Lapérouse](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/le-laperouse) - [Le Commandant Charcot](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/le-commandant-charcot) - [Le Soléal](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/le-soleal) - [Le Boréal](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/le-boreal) - [Le Lyrial](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/le-lyrial) - [L’Austral](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/l-austral) - [Sea Spirit](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/sea-spirit) - [MS Roald Amundsen](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/roald-amundsen) - [MS Fram](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/fram) - [MS Fridtjof Nansen](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/fridtjof-nansen) - [Ocean Albatros](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/ocean-albatros) - [Ocean Victory](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/ocean-victory) - [Hondius](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/hondius) - [Plancius](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/plancius) - [Ortelius](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/ortelius) - [MV Ushuaia](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/ushuaia) - [World Explorer](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/world-explorer) - [Ultramarine](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/ultramarine) - [MS Expedition](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/expedition) - [Sylvia Earle](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/sylvia-earle) - [Greg Mortimer](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/greg-mortimer) - [Ocean Nova](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/ocean-nova) - [Magellan Explorer](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/ships/magellan-explorer) ## Itineraries - [Voyage across the Arctic: Discovering Viking Legends beneath the Northern lights – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/voyage-across-the-arctic-discovering-viking-legends-beneath-the-northern-lights) - [Cruise the North: Iceland, Faroe Islands and British Isles – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/cruise-the-north-iceland-faroe-islands-and-british-isles) - [The Greenland explorer: Iceland to Greenland expedition – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/the-greenland-explorer-iceland-to-greenland-expedition) - [Arctic cruise in Svalbard, east Greenland & Iceland – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/arctic-cruise-in-svalbard-east-greenland-iceland) - [Antarctic Classroom – Terranova](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/antarctic-classroom) - [Expedition to Antarctica: Weddell Sea cruise – Swan Hellenic](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/expedition-to-antarctica-weddell-sea-cruise) - [Cruise to the Antarctic Circle – Swan Hellenic](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/cruise-to-the-antarctic-circle) - [Expedition to Greenland, land of northern lights – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/expedition-to-greenland-land-of-northern-lights) - [Antarctic Peninsula Odyssey Cruise – Swan Hellenic](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/antarctic-peninsula-odyssey-cruise) - [Cruise from Iceland to Svalbard – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/cruise-from-iceland-to-svalbard) - [Exploring Svalbard cruise – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/exploring-svalbard-cruise) - [Discover Svalbard and the Norwegian Arctic: cruise from Tromso to Longyearbyen – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/discover-svalbard-and-the-norwegian-arctic-cruise-from-tromso-to-longyearbyen) - [Ultimate Svalbard cruise – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/ultimate-svalbard-cruise) - [Iceland to Greenland roundtrip cruise – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/iceland-to-greenland-roundtrip-cruise) - [Deep Greenland expedition: Glaciers, fjords, and the Disko bay circuit – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/deep-greenland-expedition-glaciers-fjords-and-the-disko-bay-circuit) - [Cruise from Canada to Iceland along the viking routes – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/cruise-from-canada-to-iceland-along-the-viking-routes) - [In Shackleton’s Footsteps: Falklands, South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula – Swan Hellenic](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/in-shackletons-footsteps-falklands-south-georgia-and-the-antarctic-peninsula) - [The Arctic explorer: Iceland to Svalbard cruise – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/the-arctic-explorer-iceland-to-svalbard-cruise) - [From scenic fjords to arctic ice: the ultimate northern journey – Swan](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/from-scenic-fjords-to-arctic-ice-the-ultimate-northern-journey) - [Antarctic Wonders: roundtrip cruise from Ushuaia – Swan Hellenic](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/antarctic-wonders-roundtrip-cruise-from-ushuaia) - [South Atlantic Cruise: from South Africa to Antarctica – Swan Hellenic](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/south-atlantic-cruise-from-south-africa-to-antarctica) - [Spitsbergen – Northeast Greenland, Fly & Sail – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/spitsbergen-northeast-greenland-fly-sail) - [Around Spitsbergen – Arctic Summer – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/around-spitsbergen-arctic-summer) - [Arctic Ocean – Spitsbergen: Jan Mayen, Ice Edge & Birding – Summer Solstice – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/arctic-ocean-spitsbergen-jan-mayen-ice-edge-birding-summer-solstice) - [Northeast Greenland Extreme – Aurora Borealis & Long Hikes – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/northeast-greenland-extreme-aurora-borealis-long-hikes) - [Spitsbergen, Northeast Greenland & Scoresby Sund, Including Long Hikes – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/spitsbergen-northeast-greenland-scoresby-sund-including-long-hikes) - [Around Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet, In the Icy Realm of the Polar Bear – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/around-spitsbergen-and-nordaustlandet-in-the-icy-realm-of-the-polar-bear-oceanwide) - [South Spitsbergen Explorer – Bear Island – Diving (supplemented) – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/south-spitsbergen-explorer-bear-island-diving-supplemented) - [A Taste of North Spitsbergen – Compact Arctic Adventure – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/a-taste-of-north-spitsbergen-compact-arctic-adventure) - [North Spitsbergen Basecamp – Free kayaking, Hiking, Photo Workshop – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/north-spitsbergen-basecamp-free-kayaking-hiking-photo-workshop) - [North Spitsbergen Explorer – Into the Pack Ice – Polar Bear Special – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/north-spitsbergen-explorer-into-the-pack-ice-polar-bear-special) - [Spitsbergen – Northeast Greenland – Iceland – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/spitsbergen-northeast-greenland-iceland) - [Around Spitsbergen, in the icy realm of the polar bear – Oceanwide](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/around-spitsbergen-in-the-icy-realm-of-the-polar-bear) - [Into the Wild South: The Falklands, South Georgia & Antarctica – Terra Nova Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/into-the-wild-south-the-falklands-south-georgia-antarctica) - [Four Arctic Islands: the Northbound Journey – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/four-arctic-islands-the-northbound-journey) - [Kingdom of Kings – The Best of South Georgia, The Falklands and Antarctica – Terra Nova Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/kingdom-of-kings-the-best-of-south-georgia-the-falklands-and-antarctica) - [Greenland to Iceland: Arctic Explorer – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/greenland-to-iceland-arctic-explorer) - [Greenland Explorer – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/greenland-explorer) - [Complete East Greenland – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/complete-east-greenland-2) - [Ultimate Arctic Odyssey: Svalbard, Lofoten, East Greenland & Icelands – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/ultimate-arctic-odyssey-svalbard-lofoten-east-greenland-icelands) - [Svalbard Circumnavigation: The Ultimate Arctic Quest – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/svalbard-circumnavigation-the-ultimate-arctic-quest) - [Svalbard: North to the Midnight Sun – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/svalbard-north-to-the-midnight-sun-2) - [Svalbard Express – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/svalbard-express) - [Highlights of Iceland – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/highlights-of-iceland) - [Greenland: Disko Bay and beyond – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/greenland-disko-bay-and-beyond) - [Total Eclipse and Greenland- Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/total-eclipse-and-greenland) - [Three Arctic Islands: Extended Passages – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/three-arctic-islands-extended-passages) - [Four Arctic Islands: The Southbound journey – Polar Latitudes](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/four-arctic-islands-the-southbound-journey-2) - [South Georgia In Depth Expedition Micro Cruise – Secret Atlas](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/south-georgia-in-depth-expedition-micro-cruise) - [South Georgia and Antarctica Shackleton Special Expedition Micro Cruise – Secret Atlas](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/south-georgia-and-antarctica-shackleton-special-expedition-micro-cruise) - [White Kings: South Georgia Special Photo Expedition with Paul Goldstein – Secret Atlas](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/white-kings-south-georgia-special-photo-expedition-with-paul-goldstein) - [Explore the Edge of the Far South – 66° Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/explore-the-edge-of-the-far-south) - [Arctic Canada and Greenland Expedition – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/arctic-canada-and-greenland-expedition) - [Grand Greenland – Mythical Lands of the North – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/grand-greenland-mythical-lands-of-the-north) - [Antarctica Grand Finale Voyage: Three Islands Journey in the Season of Whales and Polar Sunsets – 66° Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/antarctica-grand-finale-voyage-three-islands-journey-in-the-season-of-whales-and-polar-sunsets) - [Celebrate Christmas at the End of the World – 66° Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/celebrate-christmas-at-the-end-of-the-world) - [Antarctic Peninsula Discovery: Into the Polar Realm – 66° Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/antarctic-peninsula-discovery-into-the-polar-realm) - [Grand Greenland – The Icy Giants of Disko Bay – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/grand-greenland-the-icy-giants-of-disko-bay) - [Spitsbergen, Iceland, Faroe Islands – Island Hopping in and around the Arctic (Southbound) – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/spitsbergen-iceland-faroe-islands-island-hopping-in-and-around-the-arctic-southbound-hx) - [Discovering Greenland – From Reykjavík to Nuuk – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/discovering-greenland-from-reykjavik-to-nuuk-hx) - [Greenland, Labrador, and Newfoundland – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/greenland-labrador-and-newfoundland-2026-encounters-at-the-edge) - [The Ultimate Fjord and National Park Expedition – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/the-ultimate-fjord-and-national-park-expedition-hx) - [Serene Greenland To the World’s Largest National Park – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/serene-greenland-to-the-worlds-largest-national-park-2) - [Serene Greenland Exploring the Largest Fjord System on Earth – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/serene-greenland-exploring-the-largest-fjord-system-on-earth) - [Arctic Island Odyssey Svalbard, Greenland and Iceland – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/arctic-island-odyssey-svalbard-greenland-and-iceland-2) - [Arctic Island Odyssey—Svalbard, Greenland and Iceland With an extended stay in Longyearbyen – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/arctic-island-odyssey-svalbard-greenland-and-iceland-with-an-extended-stay-in-longyearbyen) - [Elemental Iceland Circular Saga from Reykjavík – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/elemental-iceland-circular-saga-from-reykjavik) - [Expedition to Iceland—Hamburg to Reykjavík via North Atlantic Islands – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/expedition-to-iceland-hamburg-to-reykjavik-via-north-atlantic-islands) - [British Isles, Ireland & Scotland Expedition – Heritage](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/british-isles-ireland-scotland-expedition) - [Scotland, Faroe Islands & Iceland – Heritage](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/scotland-faroe-islands-iceland) - [Iceland’s Fire & Ice Circumnavigation – Heritage](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/icelands-fire-ice-circumnavigation) - [Svalbard, Greenland & Iceland Arctic Islands – Heritage](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/svalbard-greenland-iceland-arctic-islands) - [Iceland and Beyond Reykjavík to Hamburg via Scotland’s Northern Isles – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/iceland-and-beyond-reykjavik-to-hamburg-via-scotlands-northern-isles) - [Ultimate Norway at Christmas Arctic Expedition under the Northern Lights – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/ultimate-norway-at-christmas-arctic-expedition-under-the-northern-lights) - [Ultimate Norway – Arctic Expedition under the Northern Lights – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/ultimate-norway-arctic-expedition-under-the-northern-lights) - [Nordic Navigator – From Norway’s Wilds to Scotland’s Isles – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/nordic-navigator-from-norways-wilds-to-scotlands-isles) - [Faroe Islands, Iceland, Spitsbergen Island Hopping in and around the Arctic (Northbound)- HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/faroe-islands-iceland-spitsbergen-island-hopping-in-and-around-the-arctic) - [Circumnavigating Spitsbergen In the realm of the Polar Bear – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/circumnavigating-spitsbergen-in-the-realm-of-the-polar-bear) - [Svalbard in Spring The Return of the Sun – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/svalbard-in-spring-the-return-of-the-sun) - [Circumnavigating Svalbard: The Ultimate Expedition With an extended stay in Longyearbyen – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/circumnavigating-svalbard-the-ultimate-expedition-with-an-extended-stay-in-longyearbyen) - [Fjords and glaciers of Spitsbergen – Ponant](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/fjords-and-glaciers-of-spitsbergen) - [Antarctic Peninsula Expedition Cruise, Including South Shetland Islands – Heritage Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/antarctic-peninsula-expedition-cruise-including-south-shetland-islands) - [Antarctica & Falklands Expedition (Northbound) 19D – HX Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/antarctica-falklands-expedition-northbound) - [Sublime Svalbard – From Hamburg via Norway’s Springtime Fjords – HX](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/sublime-svalbard-from-hamburg-via-norways-springtime-fjords) - [Life Returns Springtime Expedition Cruise to Antarctica from Montevideo to Santiago – HX Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/life-returns-springtime-expedition-cruise-to-antarctica-from-montevideo-to-santiago) - [In the Wake of the Vikings: Orkney, Shetland & the Faroe Islands – G-adventures](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/in-the-wake-of-the-vikings-orkney-shetland-the-faroe-islands) - [Beyond the Arctic Circle: Tromsø to Svalbard – G-adventures](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/beyond-the-arctic-circle-tromso-to-svalbard) - [Realm of the Polar Bear in Depth – G-adventures](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/realm-of-the-polar-bear-in-depth) - [Antarctica First Light: Into the kingdom of king penguins and the Seventh Continent – 66° Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/antarctica-first-light-into-the-kingdom-of-king-penguins-and-the-seventh-continent) - [Realm of the Polar Bear – G-adventures](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/realm-of-the-polar-bear) - [Iceland to Greenland: Total Solar Eclipse (13D) – Quark](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/iceland-to-greenland-total-solar-eclipse-13d) - [South Greenland Alpine Exploration by Helicopter – Quark](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/south-greenland-alpine-exploration-by-helicopter) - [Southeast to West Greenland: Glaciers, Fjords and Viking History – Quark](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/southeast-to-west-greenland-glaciers-fjords-and-viking-history) - [Iceland to Greenland: Total Solar Eclipse (17D) – Quark](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/iceland-to-greenland-total-solar-eclipse) - [South Greenland: Adventure The Majestic Alpine Arctic – Quark](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/south-greenland-adventure-the-majestic-alpine-arctic-2) - [South Georgia & Falklands From Punta Arenas to Montevideo – HX Expeditions](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/south-georgia-falklands-from-punta-arenas-to-montevideo) - [West Greenland: Exploring the Far North – Quark](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/west-greenland-exploring-the-far-north) - [West Greenland: Discovering Massive Icebergs and Inuit Communities – Quark](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/west-greenland-discovering-massive-icebergs-and-inuit-communities) - [Greenland to Newfoundland: Mountains, Wildlife and Viking History – Quark](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/greenland-to-newfoundland-mountains-wildlife-and-viking-history) - [Northwest Passage: The Legendary Arctic Sea Route – Quark](https://www.antarcticacruises.com/itineraries/northwest-passage-the-legendary-arctic-sea-route) ## Cabins ## Wildlife ## Amenities ## Cabin Amenities ## Activities ## Optional Activities ## Regions ## Destinations ## Styles ## Routes ## Levels ## Countries ## Embarkation Zones